七星莲Viola diffusa
中文名（Chinese Name）：七星莲
学名（Scientific Name）：Viola diffusa Ging.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：蔓茎堇菜
异名（Synonym）：Viola diffusa var. brevibarbata C. J. Wang Viola diffusoides C. J. Wang Viola tenuis Benth. Viola diffusa subsp. tenuis W. Becker Viola diffusa var. tomentosa W. Becker Viola diffusa var. brevisepala W. Becker Viola diffusa var. glabella H. Boissieu Viola wilsonii W. Becker Viola kiusiana Makino Viola diffusa var. glaberrima W. Becker Viola cerasifolia Saint-Hilaire
科属（Family & Genus）：堇菜科（Violaceae）堇菜属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，全体被糙毛或白色柔毛，或近无毛，花期生出地上匍匐枝。匍匐枝先端具莲座状叶丛，通常生不定根。根状茎短，具多条白色细根及纤维状根。基生叶多数，丛生呈莲座状，或于匍匐枝上互生；叶片卵形或卵状长圆形，长1.5-3.5厘米，宽1-2厘米，先端钝或稍尖，基部宽楔形或截形，稀浅心形，明显下延于叶柄，边缘具钝齿及缘毛，幼叶两面密被白色柔毛，后渐变稀疏，但叶脉上及两侧边缘仍被较密的毛；叶柄长2-4.5厘米，具明显的翅，通常有毛；托叶基部与叶柄合生，2/3离生，线状披针形，长4-12毫米，先端渐尖，边缘具稀疏的细齿或疏生流苏状齿。花较小，淡紫色或浅黄色，具长梗，生于基生叶或匍匐枝叶丛的叶腋间；花梗纤细，长1.5-8.5厘米，无毛或被疏柔毛，中部有1对线形苞片；萼片披针形，长4-5.5毫米，先端尖，基部附属物短，末端圆或具稀疏细齿，边缘疏生睫毛；侧方花瓣倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，长6-8毫米，无须毛，下方花瓣连距长约6毫米，较其他花瓣显著短；距极短，长仅1.5毫米，稍露出萼片附属物之外；下方2枚雄蕊背部的距短而宽，呈三角形；子房无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，上部渐增粗，柱头两侧及后方具肥厚的缘边，中央部分稍隆起，前方具短喙。蒴果长圆形，直径约3毫米，长约1厘米，无毛，顶端常具宿存的花柱。花期3-5月，果期5-8月。2n=26。
分布（Distribution）：产浙江、台湾、四川、云南、西藏，生于山地林下、林缘、草坡、溪谷旁、岩石缝隙中。印度、尼泊尔、菲律宾、马来西亚、日本也有分布。
用途（Use）：全草入药，能清热解毒；外用可消肿、排脓。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 76, 86
Viola diffusa Gingins in Candolle, Prodr. 1: 298. 1824.
七星莲 qi xing lian| Violaceae | Viola
Viola diffusa var. brevibarbata C. J. Wang; V. diffusa var. brevisepala W. Becker; V. diffusa var. glabella H. Boissieu; V. diffusa var. glaberrima W. Becker; V. diffusa subsp. tenuis (Bentham) W. Becker; V. diffusa var. tomentosa W. Becker; V. diffusoides C. J. Wang; V. tenuis Bentham; V. wilsonii W. Becker.
Herbs annual, stiffly hairy or white puberulous throughout, or subglabrous, rarely glabrous, producing stolon at anthesis. Stolon with rosulate leaves at top, usually producing adventitious roots. Rhizome short, with numerous white rootlets and fibrous roots. Basal leaves numerous, fasciculate and rosulate, or alternate on stolon; stipules adnate to petioles at base, 2/3 free, linear-lanceolate, 4-12 mm, margin remotely denticulate or fimbriate-dentate, apex acuminate; petiole 2-4.5 cm, conspicuously winged, usually puberulous; leaf blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 1.5-3.5 × 1-2 cm, both surfaces densely white puberulous on young leaves, later gradually sparsely so, but still densely puberulous along veins and margin, or glabrous, base broadly cuneate or truncate, rarely shallowly cordate, conspicuously decurrent to petiole, margin obtusely dentate and ciliate, apex obtuse or ± acute. Flowers purplish or yellowish, small, long pedicellate, in basal leaf axils and leaf axils of stolon; pedicels 1.5-8.5 cm, slender, glabrous or sparsely puberulous, 2-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals lanceolate, 4-5.5 mm, apex acute, basal auricles short, margin sparsely ciliate, apex rounded or remotely denticulate. Lateral petals obovate or oblong-obovate, 6-8 mm, glabrous or shortly bearded, anterior one ca. 6 mm (spur included), conspicuously shorter than other petals, apex acute; spur very short, only ca. 1.5 mm, slightly exserted out of basal auricles of sepals; spur of 2 anterior stamens triangular, short, broad. Ovary glabrous; styles clavate, slightly geniculate, gradually thickened in upper part; stigmas thickly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, slightly raised in central part, shortly beaked in front. Capsule oblong, 6-7 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam., glabrous, often with persistent styles. Seeds ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar-May, fr. May-Oct. 2n = 26*, 74*.
Mountain forests, forest margins, grassy slopes, stream valleys, rock crevices; below 2000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Japan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam]
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Viola diffusa Ging.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：蔓茎堇菜
异名（Synonym）：Viola diffusa var. brevibarbata C. J. Wang Viola diffusoides C. J. Wang Viola tenuis Benth. Viola diffusa subsp. tenuis W. Becker Viola diffusa var. tomentosa W. Becker Viola diffusa var. brevisepala W. Becker Viola diffusa var. glabella H. Boissieu Viola wilsonii W. Becker Viola kiusiana Makino Viola diffusa var. glaberrima W. Becker Viola cerasifolia Saint-Hilaire
科属（Family & Genus）：堇菜科（Violaceae）堇菜属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，全体被糙毛或白色柔毛，或近无毛，花期生出地上匍匐枝。匍匐枝先端具莲座状叶丛，通常生不定根。根状茎短，具多条白色细根及纤维状根。基生叶多数，丛生呈莲座状，或于匍匐枝上互生；叶片卵形或卵状长圆形，长1.5-3.5厘米，宽1-2厘米，先端钝或稍尖，基部宽楔形或截形，稀浅心形，明显下延于叶柄，边缘具钝齿及缘毛，幼叶两面密被白色柔毛，后渐变稀疏，但叶脉上及两侧边缘仍被较密的毛；叶柄长2-4.5厘米，具明显的翅，通常有毛；托叶基部与叶柄合生，2/3离生，线状披针形，长4-12毫米，先端渐尖，边缘具稀疏的细齿或疏生流苏状齿。花较小，淡紫色或浅黄色，具长梗，生于基生叶或匍匐枝叶丛的叶腋间；花梗纤细，长1.5-8.5厘米，无毛或被疏柔毛，中部有1对线形苞片；萼片披针形，长4-5.5毫米，先端尖，基部附属物短，末端圆或具稀疏细齿，边缘疏生睫毛；侧方花瓣倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形，长6-8毫米，无须毛，下方花瓣连距长约6毫米，较其他花瓣显著短；距极短，长仅1.5毫米，稍露出萼片附属物之外；下方2枚雄蕊背部的距短而宽，呈三角形；子房无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，上部渐增粗，柱头两侧及后方具肥厚的缘边，中央部分稍隆起，前方具短喙。蒴果长圆形，直径约3毫米，长约1厘米，无毛，顶端常具宿存的花柱。花期3-5月，果期5-8月。2n=26。
分布（Distribution）：产浙江、台湾、四川、云南、西藏，生于山地林下、林缘、草坡、溪谷旁、岩石缝隙中。印度、尼泊尔、菲律宾、马来西亚、日本也有分布。
用途（Use）：全草入药，能清热解毒；外用可消肿、排脓。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 76, 86
Viola diffusa Gingins in Candolle, Prodr. 1: 298. 1824.
七星莲 qi xing lian| Violaceae | Viola
Viola diffusa var. brevibarbata C. J. Wang; V. diffusa var. brevisepala W. Becker; V. diffusa var. glabella H. Boissieu; V. diffusa var. glaberrima W. Becker; V. diffusa subsp. tenuis (Bentham) W. Becker; V. diffusa var. tomentosa W. Becker; V. diffusoides C. J. Wang; V. tenuis Bentham; V. wilsonii W. Becker.
Herbs annual, stiffly hairy or white puberulous throughout, or subglabrous, rarely glabrous, producing stolon at anthesis. Stolon with rosulate leaves at top, usually producing adventitious roots. Rhizome short, with numerous white rootlets and fibrous roots. Basal leaves numerous, fasciculate and rosulate, or alternate on stolon; stipules adnate to petioles at base, 2/3 free, linear-lanceolate, 4-12 mm, margin remotely denticulate or fimbriate-dentate, apex acuminate; petiole 2-4.5 cm, conspicuously winged, usually puberulous; leaf blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 1.5-3.5 × 1-2 cm, both surfaces densely white puberulous on young leaves, later gradually sparsely so, but still densely puberulous along veins and margin, or glabrous, base broadly cuneate or truncate, rarely shallowly cordate, conspicuously decurrent to petiole, margin obtusely dentate and ciliate, apex obtuse or ± acute. Flowers purplish or yellowish, small, long pedicellate, in basal leaf axils and leaf axils of stolon; pedicels 1.5-8.5 cm, slender, glabrous or sparsely puberulous, 2-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals lanceolate, 4-5.5 mm, apex acute, basal auricles short, margin sparsely ciliate, apex rounded or remotely denticulate. Lateral petals obovate or oblong-obovate, 6-8 mm, glabrous or shortly bearded, anterior one ca. 6 mm (spur included), conspicuously shorter than other petals, apex acute; spur very short, only ca. 1.5 mm, slightly exserted out of basal auricles of sepals; spur of 2 anterior stamens triangular, short, broad. Ovary glabrous; styles clavate, slightly geniculate, gradually thickened in upper part; stigmas thickly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, slightly raised in central part, shortly beaked in front. Capsule oblong, 6-7 mm, ca. 3 mm in diam., glabrous, often with persistent styles. Seeds ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar-May, fr. May-Oct. 2n = 26*, 74*.
Mountain forests, forest margins, grassy slopes, stream valleys, rock crevices; below 2000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Japan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam]
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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