灰叶堇菜Viola delavayi
中文名（Chinese Name）：灰叶堇菜
学名（Scientific Name）：Viola delavayi Franch.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Viola impatiens H. Lév. Viola boissieui H. Lév. et Maire Viola delavayi var. villosa W. Becker Viola delavayi f. depauperata Diels
科属（Family & Genus）：堇菜科（Violaceae）堇菜属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。根状茎短粗，具多数暗褐色纤维状根。地上茎直立，高15-25厘米，细弱，无毛，通常不分枝，下部无叶。基生叶通常1枚或缺，叶片厚纸质，卵形，长3-4厘米，宽约3厘米，先端渐尖，基部心形，具波状锯齿缘，齿端具腺点，上面绿色，无毛，下面苍白色，基部疏生长柔毛，具长达7厘米的叶柄；茎生叶叶片较基生叶小，宽卵形或三角状卵形，基部浅心形或截形，上部叶卵状披针形；叶柄长0.5-1厘米，无毛或稀被长柔毛；托叶草质，披针形、长圆形或卵形，长0.5-1.3厘米，下部者比叶柄短1-3倍，上部者等长或超出叶柄，全缘或具疏粗齿。花黄色，由上部叶腋抽出，具长梗；花梗较叶片为长，长约1.5-3厘米，近顶部（紧靠花下）有2枚线形小苞片；萼片线形，长约5毫米，先端尖，无毛或被疏柔毛，基部附属物很短，呈截形；上方花瓣倒卵形，长约1.2厘米，侧方花瓣长约0.9-1厘米，下方花瓣宽倒卵形，长8-9毫米，宽约5毫米，基部有紫色条纹；距极短，长仅0.5-1毫米，末端钝圆；子房卵形，光滑无毛；花柱下部细，上部增粗，柱头2裂，裂片直伸，宽卵形，顶端圆。蒴果小，卵形或近长圆形，长3-4毫米，与宿存的萼片近等长或稍短。花期6-8月，果期7-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产四川、贵州、云南，生于海拔1800-2800米的山地林缘、草坡、溪谷潮湿处。
用途（Use）：民间以全草入药，能清热解毒；根能治跌打损伤。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 105, 107
Viola delavayi Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 33: 413. 1886.
灰叶堇菜 hui ye jin cai| Violaceae | Viola
Viola boissieui H. Léveillé & Maire; V. delavayi f. depauperata Diels; V. delavayi var. villosa W. Becker; V. impatiens H. Léveillé.
Herbs perennial. Rhizome short, stout, with numerous dark brown fibrous roots. Stems erect, 15-25 cm tall, slender, glabrous, usually simple, leafless in lower part. Basal leaf usually 1 or absent; petiole to 7 cm; leaf blade abaxially glaucous, adaxially green, ovate, 3-4 × ca. 3 cm, thickly papery, glabrous, abaxially sparsely villous at base, base cordate, margin repand-serrate, apex acuminate. Stipules lanceolate, oblong, or ovate, 0.5-1.3 mm, lower ones 1-3 × shorter than petiole, upper ones subequaling or exceeding petiole, herbaceous, margin entire or remotely and large toothed; cauline leaf petiole 0.5-1 cm, glabrous or rarely villous; cauline leaf blade smaller than those of basal leaves, broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, base shallowly cordate or truncate; upper leaf blade ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in leaf axils at top, yellow, long pedicellate; pedicels exceeding blades, 1.5-3 cm, 2-bracteolate near top; bracteoles linear. Sepals linear, ca. 5 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulous, apex acute, basal auricles very short, apex truncate. Upper petals obovate, ca. 1.2 cm, lateral ones 0.9-1 cm, anterior one broadly obovate, 8-9.5 mm, base purple striate; spur very short, only 0.5-1 mm, apex obtuse. Ovary ovoid, smooth, glabrous; styles slender in lower part, thickened in upper part; stigmas 2-lobed, lobes spreading, straight, broadly ovate, apex rounded. Capsule ovoid or nearly oblong, small, 3-4 mm, subequaling or slightly shorter than persistent sepals. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jul-Oct.
● Forest margins on mountains, grassy slopes, moist places in stream valleys; 1800-2800 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Viola delavayi Franch.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Viola impatiens H. Lév. Viola boissieui H. Lév. et Maire Viola delavayi var. villosa W. Becker Viola delavayi f. depauperata Diels
科属（Family & Genus）：堇菜科（Violaceae）堇菜属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。根状茎短粗，具多数暗褐色纤维状根。地上茎直立，高15-25厘米，细弱，无毛，通常不分枝，下部无叶。基生叶通常1枚或缺，叶片厚纸质，卵形，长3-4厘米，宽约3厘米，先端渐尖，基部心形，具波状锯齿缘，齿端具腺点，上面绿色，无毛，下面苍白色，基部疏生长柔毛，具长达7厘米的叶柄；茎生叶叶片较基生叶小，宽卵形或三角状卵形，基部浅心形或截形，上部叶卵状披针形；叶柄长0.5-1厘米，无毛或稀被长柔毛；托叶草质，披针形、长圆形或卵形，长0.5-1.3厘米，下部者比叶柄短1-3倍，上部者等长或超出叶柄，全缘或具疏粗齿。花黄色，由上部叶腋抽出，具长梗；花梗较叶片为长，长约1.5-3厘米，近顶部（紧靠花下）有2枚线形小苞片；萼片线形，长约5毫米，先端尖，无毛或被疏柔毛，基部附属物很短，呈截形；上方花瓣倒卵形，长约1.2厘米，侧方花瓣长约0.9-1厘米，下方花瓣宽倒卵形，长8-9毫米，宽约5毫米，基部有紫色条纹；距极短，长仅0.5-1毫米，末端钝圆；子房卵形，光滑无毛；花柱下部细，上部增粗，柱头2裂，裂片直伸，宽卵形，顶端圆。蒴果小，卵形或近长圆形，长3-4毫米，与宿存的萼片近等长或稍短。花期6-8月，果期7-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产四川、贵州、云南，生于海拔1800-2800米的山地林缘、草坡、溪谷潮湿处。
用途（Use）：民间以全草入药，能清热解毒；根能治跌打损伤。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 105, 107
Viola delavayi Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 33: 413. 1886.
灰叶堇菜 hui ye jin cai| Violaceae | Viola
Viola boissieui H. Léveillé & Maire; V. delavayi f. depauperata Diels; V. delavayi var. villosa W. Becker; V. impatiens H. Léveillé.
Herbs perennial. Rhizome short, stout, with numerous dark brown fibrous roots. Stems erect, 15-25 cm tall, slender, glabrous, usually simple, leafless in lower part. Basal leaf usually 1 or absent; petiole to 7 cm; leaf blade abaxially glaucous, adaxially green, ovate, 3-4 × ca. 3 cm, thickly papery, glabrous, abaxially sparsely villous at base, base cordate, margin repand-serrate, apex acuminate. Stipules lanceolate, oblong, or ovate, 0.5-1.3 mm, lower ones 1-3 × shorter than petiole, upper ones subequaling or exceeding petiole, herbaceous, margin entire or remotely and large toothed; cauline leaf petiole 0.5-1 cm, glabrous or rarely villous; cauline leaf blade smaller than those of basal leaves, broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, base shallowly cordate or truncate; upper leaf blade ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in leaf axils at top, yellow, long pedicellate; pedicels exceeding blades, 1.5-3 cm, 2-bracteolate near top; bracteoles linear. Sepals linear, ca. 5 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulous, apex acute, basal auricles very short, apex truncate. Upper petals obovate, ca. 1.2 cm, lateral ones 0.9-1 cm, anterior one broadly obovate, 8-9.5 mm, base purple striate; spur very short, only 0.5-1 mm, apex obtuse. Ovary ovoid, smooth, glabrous; styles slender in lower part, thickened in upper part; stigmas 2-lobed, lobes spreading, straight, broadly ovate, apex rounded. Capsule ovoid or nearly oblong, small, 3-4 mm, subequaling or slightly shorter than persistent sepals. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jul-Oct.
● Forest margins on mountains, grassy slopes, moist places in stream valleys; 1800-2800 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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