红砂Reaumuria soongarica
中文名（Chinese Name）：红砂
学名（Scientific Name）：Reaumuria soongarica (Pall.) Maxim.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Reaumuria songarica (Pall.) Maxim. Hololachna schawiana Hook. f. Hololachna songarica (Pall.) Ehrenb. Tamarix soongarica Pall. Hololachna soongarica (Pall.) Ehrenb.
科属（Family & Genus）：柽柳科（Tamaricaceae）红砂属
形态特征（Description）：小灌木，仰卧，高10-30（-70）厘米，多分枝，老枝灰褐色，树皮为不规则的波状剥裂，小枝多拐曲，皮灰白色，粗糙，纵裂。叶肉质，短圆柱形，鳞片状，上部稍粗，长1-5毫米，宽0.5-1毫米，常微弯，先端钝，浅灰蓝绿色，具点状的泌盐腺体，常4-6枚簇生在叶腋缩短的枝上，花期有时叶变紫红色。小枝常呈淡红色。花单生叶腋（实为生在极度短缩的小枝顶端），或在幼枝上端集为少花的总状花序状；花无梗；直径约4毫米；苞片3，披针形，先端尖，长0.5-0.7毫米；花萼钟形，下部合生，长1.5-2.5毫米，裂片5，三角形，边缘白膜质，具点状腺体；花瓣5，白色略带淡红，长圆形，长约4.5毫米，宽约2.5毫米，先端钝，基部楔状变狭，张开，上部向外反折，下半部内侧的2附属物倒披针形，薄片状，顶端繸状。着生在花瓣中脉的两侧；雄蕊6-8(-12)，分离，花丝基部变宽，几与花瓣等长；子房椭圆形，花柱3，具狭尖之柱头。蒴果长椭圆形或纺锤形，或作三稜锥形，长4-6毫米，宽约2毫米，高出花萼2-3倍，具3稜，3瓣裂（稀4），通常具3-4枚种子。种子长圆形，长3-4毫米，先端渐尖，基部变狭，全部被黑褐色毛。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产新疆、青海、甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古，生于荒漠地区的山前冲积、洪积平原上和戈壁侵蚀面上，亦生于低地边缘，基质多为粗砾质戈壁，也生于壤土上。俄罗斯、蒙古也有分布。
用途（Use）：红砂群落可用作荒漠区域的良好草场，供放牧羊群和骆驼之用。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 58, 59
Reaumuria soongarica (Pallas) Maximowicz, Fl. Tangut. 1: 97. 1889.
红砂 hong sha| Tamaricaceae | Reaumuria
Tamarix soongarica Pallas, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. Hist. Acad. 10: 374. 1797; Hololachna soongarica (Pallas) Ehrenberg.
Shrubs, small, 10-30(-70) cm tall, much branched. Old branches gray-brown; branchlets reddish, usually zigzag, longitudinally cracked. Leaves often 4-6 clustered on shortened branches, grayish blue, sometimes turning purple-red at anthesis, shortly terete, scale-like, slightly thicker in upper part, 1-5 × 0.5-1 mm, often slightly curved, fleshy, with dotlike salt-secreting glands, apex obtuse. Flowers solitary, axillary (actually at apices of extremely shortened branchlets), or clustered into few flowered racemes in upper part of young branches, sessile, ca. 4 mm in diam.; bracts 3, lanceolate, 0.5-0.7 mm, apex acute. Calyx campanulate, united in lower part, 1.5-2.5 mm; lobes triangular, margin scarious, with dotlike glands. Petals white, tinged reddish, oblong, ca. 4.5 × 2.5 mm, base cuneate, attenuate, apex obtuse, open, reflexed in upper part; inside with 2 appendages in lower half oblanceolate, laminar, apex laciniate, inserted on two lateral sides of midribs of petals. Stamens 6-8(-12), free; filaments dilated at base, subequaling petals. Ovary ellipsoid; styles 3; stigmas narrowly acute. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid or fusiform, or triqueter-conic, 4-6 × ca. 2 mm, 2-3 × exceeding calyx, 3-angled, 3(or 4)-septicidal, usually 3- or 4-seeded. Seeds oblong, 3-4 mm, black-brown hairy throughout, base attenuate, apex acuminate. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep.
Deserts, margins of lowlands. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Mongolia].
Reaumuria minfengensis D. F. Cui & M. J. Zhong (Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 19: 552. 1999), described from Xinjiang, is very similar to R. soongarica judging from the protologue. However, because we have not seen the type, it must remain a dubious species in the present treatment.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Reaumuria soongarica (Pall.) Maxim.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Reaumuria songarica (Pall.) Maxim. Hololachna schawiana Hook. f. Hololachna songarica (Pall.) Ehrenb. Tamarix soongarica Pall. Hololachna soongarica (Pall.) Ehrenb.
科属（Family & Genus）：柽柳科（Tamaricaceae）红砂属
形态特征（Description）：小灌木，仰卧，高10-30（-70）厘米，多分枝，老枝灰褐色，树皮为不规则的波状剥裂，小枝多拐曲，皮灰白色，粗糙，纵裂。叶肉质，短圆柱形，鳞片状，上部稍粗，长1-5毫米，宽0.5-1毫米，常微弯，先端钝，浅灰蓝绿色，具点状的泌盐腺体，常4-6枚簇生在叶腋缩短的枝上，花期有时叶变紫红色。小枝常呈淡红色。花单生叶腋（实为生在极度短缩的小枝顶端），或在幼枝上端集为少花的总状花序状；花无梗；直径约4毫米；苞片3，披针形，先端尖，长0.5-0.7毫米；花萼钟形，下部合生，长1.5-2.5毫米，裂片5，三角形，边缘白膜质，具点状腺体；花瓣5，白色略带淡红，长圆形，长约4.5毫米，宽约2.5毫米，先端钝，基部楔状变狭，张开，上部向外反折，下半部内侧的2附属物倒披针形，薄片状，顶端繸状。着生在花瓣中脉的两侧；雄蕊6-8(-12)，分离，花丝基部变宽，几与花瓣等长；子房椭圆形，花柱3，具狭尖之柱头。蒴果长椭圆形或纺锤形，或作三稜锥形，长4-6毫米，宽约2毫米，高出花萼2-3倍，具3稜，3瓣裂（稀4），通常具3-4枚种子。种子长圆形，长3-4毫米，先端渐尖，基部变狭，全部被黑褐色毛。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产新疆、青海、甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古，生于荒漠地区的山前冲积、洪积平原上和戈壁侵蚀面上，亦生于低地边缘，基质多为粗砾质戈壁，也生于壤土上。俄罗斯、蒙古也有分布。
用途（Use）：红砂群落可用作荒漠区域的良好草场，供放牧羊群和骆驼之用。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 58, 59
Reaumuria soongarica (Pallas) Maximowicz, Fl. Tangut. 1: 97. 1889.
红砂 hong sha| Tamaricaceae | Reaumuria
Tamarix soongarica Pallas, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. Hist. Acad. 10: 374. 1797; Hololachna soongarica (Pallas) Ehrenberg.
Shrubs, small, 10-30(-70) cm tall, much branched. Old branches gray-brown; branchlets reddish, usually zigzag, longitudinally cracked. Leaves often 4-6 clustered on shortened branches, grayish blue, sometimes turning purple-red at anthesis, shortly terete, scale-like, slightly thicker in upper part, 1-5 × 0.5-1 mm, often slightly curved, fleshy, with dotlike salt-secreting glands, apex obtuse. Flowers solitary, axillary (actually at apices of extremely shortened branchlets), or clustered into few flowered racemes in upper part of young branches, sessile, ca. 4 mm in diam.; bracts 3, lanceolate, 0.5-0.7 mm, apex acute. Calyx campanulate, united in lower part, 1.5-2.5 mm; lobes triangular, margin scarious, with dotlike glands. Petals white, tinged reddish, oblong, ca. 4.5 × 2.5 mm, base cuneate, attenuate, apex obtuse, open, reflexed in upper part; inside with 2 appendages in lower half oblanceolate, laminar, apex laciniate, inserted on two lateral sides of midribs of petals. Stamens 6-8(-12), free; filaments dilated at base, subequaling petals. Ovary ellipsoid; styles 3; stigmas narrowly acute. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid or fusiform, or triqueter-conic, 4-6 × ca. 2 mm, 2-3 × exceeding calyx, 3-angled, 3(or 4)-septicidal, usually 3- or 4-seeded. Seeds oblong, 3-4 mm, black-brown hairy throughout, base attenuate, apex acuminate. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep.
Deserts, margins of lowlands. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang [Mongolia].
Reaumuria minfengensis D. F. Cui & M. J. Zhong (Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 19: 552. 1999), described from Xinjiang, is very similar to R. soongarica judging from the protologue. However, because we have not seen the type, it must remain a dubious species in the present treatment.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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