三叶木通Akebia trifoliata

中文名(Chinese Name):三叶木通
学名(Scientific Name):Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):三叶拿藤,八月瓜
异名(Synonym):  :Akebia lobata Decne.  Clematis trifoliata Thunb.  Akebia lobata var. clematifolia (Siebold et Zucc.) Ito  Akebia quercifolia Siebold et Zucc.  Akebia sempervirens Nakai  Akebia trifoliata var. clematifolia (Siebold et Zucc.) Nakai  Akebia trifoliata var. honanensis T. Shimizu  Akebia clematifolia Siebold et Zucc.  Akebia lobata var. quercifoliata (Siebold & Zucc.) Ito  Akebia trifoliata var. litoralis Konta & Katsuy.
科属(Family & Genus):木通科(Lardizabalaceae)木通属
形态特征(Description):落叶木质藤本。茎皮灰褐色,有稀疏的皮孔及小疣点。掌状复叶互生或在短枝上的簇生;叶柄直,长7-11厘米;小叶3片,纸质或薄革质,卵形至阔卵形,长4-7.5厘米,宽2-6厘米,先端通常钝或略凹入,具小凸尖,基部截平或圆形,边缘具波状齿或浅裂,上面深绿色,下面浅绿色;侧脉每边5-6条,与网脉同在两面略凸起;中央小叶柄长2-4厘米,侧生小叶柄长6-12毫米。总状花序自短枝上簇生叶中抽出,下部有1-2朵雌花,以上约有15-30朵雄花,长6-16厘米;总花梗纤细,长约5厘米。雄花:花梗丝状,长2-5毫米;萼片3,淡紫色,阔椭圆形或椭圆形,长2.5-3毫米;雄蕊6,离生,排列为杯状,花丝极短,药室在开花时内弯;退化心皮3,长圆状锥形。雌花:花梗稍较雄花的粗,长1.5-3厘米;萼片3,紫褐色,近圆形,长约10-12毫米,宽约10毫米,先端圆而略凹入,开花时广展反折;退化雄蕊6枚或更多,小,长圆形,无花丝;心皮3-9枚,离生,圆柱形,直,长(3) 4-6毫米,柱头头状,具乳凸,橙黄色。果长圆形,长6-8厘米,直径2-4厘米,直或稍弯,成熟时灰白略带淡紫色;种子极多数,扁卵形,长5-7毫米,宽4-5毫米,种皮红褐色或黑褐色,稍有光泽。花期4-5月,果期7-8月。
分布(Distribution):产于河北、山西、山东、河南、陕西南部、甘肃东南部至长江流域各省区。生于海拔250-2000米的山地沟谷边疏林或丘陵灌丛中。日本有分布。
用途(Use):根、茎和果均入药,利尿、通乳,有舒筋活络之效,治风湿关节痛;果也可食及酿酒;种子可榨油。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 6 Page 442
Akebia trifoliata (Thunberg) Koidzumi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 39: 310. 1925.
三叶木通 san ye mu tong| Lardizabalaceae  | Akebia
Woody climbers, deciduous or subevergreen. Stems grayish brown, verruculose, laxly lenticellate. Petiole 7--11 cm; lateral petiolules 6--12 mm; terminal petiolule 2--4 cm; leaflets 3 (--5), ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly ovate, 3--8 × 1.5--6 cm, papery, subleathery, or leathery, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, base truncate, rounded, cordate, or cuneate, margin sinuate, shallowly lobed, subentire, or entire, apex obtuse to narrowly rounded and slightly emarginate, cuspidate. Racemes axillary on short branches, 6--16 cm; peduncle slender, 3--5 cm. Male flowers: 15--30. Pedicel filiform, 2--5 mm. Sepals 3 or 4, pale purple to purple, broadly elliptic, elliptic, or oblong. Stamens 6; filaments very short; anthers incurved at anthesis. Pistillodes 3, oblong-subulate. Female flowers: pedicel 1.5--3 cm, slightly thicker than in male flower. Sepals 3, purplish brown, dark purple, or purplish black, suborbicular, sublinear, or narrowly oblong. Carpels 4--9, straight, 4--6 mm. Fruit oblong, straight or slightly curved. Seeds ovoid, 5--7 × 4--5 mm. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jun--Sep.
Semideciduous forest margins, open forest along valleys, scrub on hillsides, by streams; 200--2100 m. Anhui, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Shandong, S Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
The roots, stems, and fruits are used medicinally.
三叶木通Akebia trifoliata

三叶木通Akebia trifoliata

三叶木通Akebia trifoliata

三叶木通Akebia trifoliata(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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