大花牛姆瓜Holboellia grandiflora
中文名（Chinese Name）：大花牛姆瓜
学名（Scientific Name）：Holboellia grandiflora Reaub.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：木通科（Lardizabalaceae）八月瓜属
形态特征（Description）：常绿木质大藤本。枝圆柱形，具线纹和皮孔；茎皮褐色。掌状复叶具长柄，有小叶3-7片；叶柄稍粗，长7-20叶革质或薄革质，倒卵状长圆形或长圆形，有时椭圆形或披针形，长6-14厘米，宽4-6厘米，通常中部以上最阔，先端渐尖或急尖，基部通常长楔形，边缘略背卷，上面深绿色，有光泽，干后暗淡，下面苍白色；中脉于上面凹入，侧脉每边7-9条，与网脉均在上面不明显，在下面略凸起；小叶柄长2-5厘米。花淡绿白色或淡紫色，雌雄同株，数朵组成伞房式的总状花序；总花梗长2.5-5厘米，2-4个簇生于叶腋。雄花：外轮萼片长倒卵形，先端钝，基部圆或截平，长 20-22毫米，宽8-10毫米，内轮的线状长圆形，与外轮的近等长但较狭；花瓣极小，卵形或近圆形，直径约1毫米；雄蕊直，长约15毫米，花丝圆柱形，长约1厘米，药隔伸出花药顶端而成小凸头，退化心皮锥尖，长约3毫米。雌花：外轮萼片阔卵形，厚，长20-25毫米，宽12-16毫米，先端急尖，基部圆，内轮萼片卵状披针形，远较狭；花瓣与雄花的相似；退化雄蕊小，近无柄，药室内弯；心皮披针状柱形，长约12毫米，柱头圆锥形，偏斜。果长圆形，常孪生，长6-9厘米；种子多数，黑色。花期4-5月，果期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产四川、贵州和云南。生于海拔1100-3000米的山地杂木林或沟边灌丛内。
用途（Use）：
引自植物志英文版FOC Vol. 6 Page 444
Holboellia grandiflora Réaubourg, Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 53: 453. 1906.
牛姆瓜 niu mu gua | Lardizabalaceae | Holboellia
Evergreen, large. Branches terete, striate, lenticellate. Stems brown. Bud bracts persistent, scaly. Petiole 7--20 cm, slightly thick; leaf blade palmately 3--7-foliolate; petiolules 2--5 cm; leaflets obovate-oblong to oblong, sometimes elliptic to lanceolate, 6--14 × 4--6 cm, leathery to subleathery, abaxially dull pale green when dry, adaxially dark green and shiny, base cuneate, margin slightly revolute, apex acuminate to acute; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 7--9 pairs; tertiary veinlets and secondary veins abaxially slightly prominent, adaxially inconspicuous. Inflorescences of 2--4 corymbose racemes; peduncle 2.5--5 cm. Flowers several, pale greenish white or pale purple. Male flowers: outer 3 sepals narrowly obovate, 2--2.2 × 0.8--1 cm, base rounded to truncate, apex obtuse; inner 3 sepals linear-oblong, as long as outer sepals but narrower. Petals ovate to suborbicular, ca. 1 mm in diam. Stamens straight, ca. 1.5 cm; filaments terete, ca. 1 cm; connective apical appendage small, apiculate. Pistillodes subulate, ca. 3 mm. Female flowers: outer 3 sepals broadly ovate, thick, 2--2.5 × 1.2--1.6 cm, base rounded, apex acute; inner 3 sepals ovate-lanceolate, narrower than outer ones. Petals ovate to suborbicular, ca. 1 mm in diam. Staminodes minute, subsessile, locules incurved. Carpels lanceolate-terete, ca. 1.2 cm. Stigma conical, oblique. Fruit often in pairs, oblong, 6--9 cm. Seeds numerous, black. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jul--Sep.
Mixed forests, mountain slopes, scrub along valleys; 1100--3000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [Vietnam].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Holboellia grandiflora Reaub.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：木通科（Lardizabalaceae）八月瓜属
形态特征（Description）：常绿木质大藤本。枝圆柱形，具线纹和皮孔；茎皮褐色。掌状复叶具长柄，有小叶3-7片；叶柄稍粗，长7-20叶革质或薄革质，倒卵状长圆形或长圆形，有时椭圆形或披针形，长6-14厘米，宽4-6厘米，通常中部以上最阔，先端渐尖或急尖，基部通常长楔形，边缘略背卷，上面深绿色，有光泽，干后暗淡，下面苍白色；中脉于上面凹入，侧脉每边7-9条，与网脉均在上面不明显，在下面略凸起；小叶柄长2-5厘米。花淡绿白色或淡紫色，雌雄同株，数朵组成伞房式的总状花序；总花梗长2.5-5厘米，2-4个簇生于叶腋。雄花：外轮萼片长倒卵形，先端钝，基部圆或截平，长 20-22毫米，宽8-10毫米，内轮的线状长圆形，与外轮的近等长但较狭；花瓣极小，卵形或近圆形，直径约1毫米；雄蕊直，长约15毫米，花丝圆柱形，长约1厘米，药隔伸出花药顶端而成小凸头，退化心皮锥尖，长约3毫米。雌花：外轮萼片阔卵形，厚，长20-25毫米，宽12-16毫米，先端急尖，基部圆，内轮萼片卵状披针形，远较狭；花瓣与雄花的相似；退化雄蕊小，近无柄，药室内弯；心皮披针状柱形，长约12毫米，柱头圆锥形，偏斜。果长圆形，常孪生，长6-9厘米；种子多数，黑色。花期4-5月，果期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产四川、贵州和云南。生于海拔1100-3000米的山地杂木林或沟边灌丛内。
用途（Use）：
引自植物志英文版FOC Vol. 6 Page 444
Holboellia grandiflora Réaubourg, Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 53: 453. 1906.
牛姆瓜 niu mu gua | Lardizabalaceae | Holboellia
Evergreen, large. Branches terete, striate, lenticellate. Stems brown. Bud bracts persistent, scaly. Petiole 7--20 cm, slightly thick; leaf blade palmately 3--7-foliolate; petiolules 2--5 cm; leaflets obovate-oblong to oblong, sometimes elliptic to lanceolate, 6--14 × 4--6 cm, leathery to subleathery, abaxially dull pale green when dry, adaxially dark green and shiny, base cuneate, margin slightly revolute, apex acuminate to acute; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 7--9 pairs; tertiary veinlets and secondary veins abaxially slightly prominent, adaxially inconspicuous. Inflorescences of 2--4 corymbose racemes; peduncle 2.5--5 cm. Flowers several, pale greenish white or pale purple. Male flowers: outer 3 sepals narrowly obovate, 2--2.2 × 0.8--1 cm, base rounded to truncate, apex obtuse; inner 3 sepals linear-oblong, as long as outer sepals but narrower. Petals ovate to suborbicular, ca. 1 mm in diam. Stamens straight, ca. 1.5 cm; filaments terete, ca. 1 cm; connective apical appendage small, apiculate. Pistillodes subulate, ca. 3 mm. Female flowers: outer 3 sepals broadly ovate, thick, 2--2.5 × 1.2--1.6 cm, base rounded, apex acute; inner 3 sepals ovate-lanceolate, narrower than outer ones. Petals ovate to suborbicular, ca. 1 mm in diam. Staminodes minute, subsessile, locules incurved. Carpels lanceolate-terete, ca. 1.2 cm. Stigma conical, oblique. Fruit often in pairs, oblong, 6--9 cm. Seeds numerous, black. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jul--Sep.
Mixed forests, mountain slopes, scrub along valleys; 1100--3000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [Vietnam].
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