华西蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis wilsonii

中文名(Chinese Name):华西蝴蝶兰
学名(Scientific Name):Phalaenopsis wilsonii Rolfe
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):小蝶兰、楚雄蝶兰
异名(Synonym):Phalaenopsis chuxiongensis F. Y. Liu  Polychilos wilsonii (Rolfe) Shim  Kingidium wilsonii (Rolfe) O.Gruss & Roellke  Doritis hainanensis (Tang & F.T.Wang) T.Yukawa & K.Kita  Doritis wilsonii (Rolfe) T.Yukawa & K.Kita  Phalaenopsis wilsonii f. azurea Z.J.Liu & Z.Z.Ru 
科属(Family & Genus):兰科(Orchidaceae)蝴蝶兰属
形态特征(Description):气生根发达,簇生,长而弯曲,表面密生疣状突起。茎很短,被叶鞘所包,长约1厘米,通常具4-5枚叶。叶稍肉质,两面绿色或幼时背面紫红色,长圆形或近椭圆形,通常长6.5-8厘米,宽2.6-3厘米,先端钝并且一侧稍钩转,基部稍收狭并且扩大为抱茎的鞘,在旱季常落叶,花时无叶或具1-2枚存留的小叶。花序从茎的基部发出,常1-2个,斜立,长4-8.5厘米,不分枝,花序轴疏生2-5朵花;花序柄暗紫色,粗约2毫米,被1-2枚膜质鞘;花苞片膜质,卵状三角形,长4-5毫米,先端锐尖;花梗连同子房长3-3.8厘米;花开放,萼片和花瓣白色带淡粉红色的中肋或全体淡粉红色;中萼片长圆状椭圆形,长1.5-2厘米,宽6-7毫米,先端钝,具5条脉;侧萼片与中萼片相似而等大,但近唇瓣一侧的中部以下边缘下弯,基部贴生在蕊柱足上;花瓣匙形或椭圆状倒卵形,长1.4-1.5厘米,宽6-10毫米,先端圆形,基部楔形收狭;唇瓣基部具长2-3毫米的爪,3裂;侧裂片上半部紫色,下半部黄色,直立,狭长,长约6毫米,中部缢缩,上部扩大而先端斜截,在基部(两侧裂片之间)具1个中央对开的肉脊,其中间具穴并且向外(背面)隆起呈乳头状,内面中央的凸缘(脊突)黄色,其先端斜截并且具2至数个小缺刻;中裂片肉质,深紫色,摊平后呈宽倒卵形或倒卵状椭圆形,长8-13毫米,上部宽6-9毫米,先端钝并且稍2裂,基部具1枚紫色而先端深裂为2叉状的附属物,边缘白色、下弯而形成倒舟状,上面中央具1条纵向脊突,脊突在近唇瓣先端处强烈增厚而隆起;蕊柱淡紫色,长约6毫米,具长约3毫米的蕊柱足;药帽白色,前端稍伸长呈卵状三角形;花粉团2个,近球形,每个劈裂为不等大的2爿。蒴果狭长,长达7厘米,粗约6毫米,具长约3厘米的柄。花期4-7月,果期8-9月。
分布(Distribution):产广西、贵州、四川、云南、西藏等地。生于海拔800~2150米的山地疏生林中树干上或林下阴湿的岩石上。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 25 Page 479, 480   
Phalaenopsis wilsonii Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1909: 65. 1909.
华西蝴蝶兰 hua xi hu die lan| Orchidaceae  | Phalaenopsis
Doritis wilsonii (Rolfe) T. Yukawa & K. Kita; Kingidium wilsonii (Rolfe) O. Gruss & Roellke; Phalaenopsis minor F. Y. Liu; Polychilos wilsonii (Rolfe) Shim.
Roots well developed, ± greenish, elongate, slightly flattened, densely verrucose. Stems ca. 1 cm, usually 4- or 5-leaved, leafless or with 1 or 2 small leaves at anthesis. Leaves often deciduous in dry season, sometimes purplish reddish abaxially when young, oblong or subelliptic, 6.5-8 × 2.6-3 cm. Inflorescences often 1 or 2, suberect or arching, 4-8.5 cm, unbranched, laxly 10-15-flowered; floral bracts ovate-triangular, 4-5 mm, membranous. Flowers opening simultaneously, opening widely; sepals and petals pastel pink grading to medium rose at base, lip dark rose-purple, column white; pedicel and ovary 3-3.8 cm. Sepals oblong-elliptic, 15-20 × 6-7 mm, obtuse. Petals spatulate or elliptic-obovate, 14-15 × 6-10 mm, rounded; lip base with a claw 2-3 mm, lip 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, ca. 6 mm, adaxially with an incised-tipped keel; mid-lobe broadly obovate, 8-13 × 6-9 mm, fleshy, notched at apex, convex, with a raised elliptic pad below apex, with a raised median keel at base; callus biseriate, subsimilar and subequal, sulcate, bilobed. Column ca. 6 mm, foot ca. 3 mm. Capsule cylindric, to 7 cm × ca. 6 mm. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.
Epiphytic on tree trunks or lithophytic on damp rocks in forests or along valleys; 800-2200 m. W Guangxi, SW Guizhou, SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW to SE Yunnan [N Vietnam].
华西蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis wilsonii

华西蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis wilsonii(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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