紫毛兜兰 Paphiopedilum villosum
中文名（Chinese Name）：紫毛兜兰
学名（Scientific Name）：Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：美丽兜兰
异名（Synonym）：Cordula villosa (Lindl.) Rolfe Paphiopedilum villosum var. annamense Hort. :S. C. Chen et F. Y. Liu Cypripedium villosum Lindl.
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）兜兰属
形态特征（Description）：地生或附生植物。叶基生，二列，通常4-5枚；叶片宽线形或狭长圆形，长20-40厘米，宽2.5-4厘米，先端常为不等的2尖裂，深黄绿色，背面近基部有紫色细斑点，无毛，基部收狭成叶柄状并对折而互相套叠。花葶直立，长10-24厘米，黄绿色，有紫色斑点和较密的长柔毛，顶端生1花；花苞片近椭圆形，长4-5厘米，宽2-2.5厘米，围抱子房，除背面中脉近基部处具长柔毛外余均无毛；花梗和子房长4-5厘米，密被紫褐色长柔毛；花大；中萼片中央紫栗色而有白色或黄绿色边缘，合萼片淡黄绿色，花瓣具紫褐色中脉，中脉的一侧（上侧）为淡紫褐色，另一侧（下侧）色较淡或呈淡黄褐色，唇瓣亮褐黄色而略有暗色脉纹；中萼片倒卵形至宽倒卵状椭圆形，长4.5-6厘米，宽3-3.8厘米，先端钝，基部收狭，边缘具缘毛，基部边缘向后弯卷；合萼片卵形，长3.8-5厘米，宽1.7-2.2厘米，亦具类似的缘毛；花瓣倒卵状匙形，长5-6.5厘米，上部宽2.5-2.8厘米，先端钝，边缘波状并有缘毛，基部明显收狭成爪并在内表面有少量紫褐色长柔毛；唇瓣倒盔状，基部有宽阔的，长2-2.5厘米的柄；囊近椭圆状圆锥形，长2.5-3.2厘米，宽2-3厘米，囊口极宽阔，两侧各有1个直立的耳，两耳前方边缘不内折，囊底有毛；退化雄蕊椭圆状倒卵形，长1-1.5厘米，宽7-10毫米，先端近截形而略有凹缺，基部有耳，中央具脐状突起，脐状突起上有时具不明显的小疣。花期11月至次年3月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南及广西，越南及老挝也有，生于海拔1300～2000米林缘、树上或含有腐殖质的多石处。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 34, 39, 40, 41,42, 44
Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindley) Stein, Orchideenbuch. 490. 1892.
紫毛兜兰 zi mao dou lan| Orchidaceae | Paphiopedilum
Plants epiphytic or sometimes lithophytic. Leaves 4-7, distichous; blade abaxially green and with purple speckles toward base, adaxially uniformly dark green, linear-oblong or lorate, 20-32(-40) × 2.2-3.5(-4) cm, leathery, acute to obtuse and bilobulate at apex. Scape suberect to arching, terminating in a solitary flower; peduncle green, 10-18(-24) cm, with purple or rarely whitish hairs; floral bract green, elliptic, conduplicate, 4-5 × 2-3 cm, abaxially purple spotted and hairy toward base; pedicel and ovary 4-5 cm, with purple or rarely whitish hairs. Flower 8-13 cm in diam.; dorsal sepal greenish or yellowish to whitish, centrally blackish maroon spotted or with a deep maroon or blackish maroon area; synsepal greenish to yellowish white; petals with a deep maroon central stripe, on upper side of central stripe pale maroon with deep maroon veins, on lower side paler in color; lip pale maroon obscurely with darker veins; staminode yellowish, flushed with pale maroon, centrally with a yellow or green umbo. Dorsal sepal broadly elliptic to obovate, 4-6.5 × 2.2-4.5 cm, abaxially ± minutely hairy throughout and with rather long hairs on midvein and toward base and apex, ciliate, recurved on basal margin, apex obtuse; synsepal elliptic-ovate to narrowly ovate, usually 4-5 × 1.7-2.8 cm. Petals spatulate-obovate, 5-6.5 × 2.2-4.5 cm, adaxially purple villous at base, ciliate, obtuse to retuse at apex; lip helmet-shaped, 5-6.5 cm; pouch 2.5-4 × 2.5-3.5 cm. Staminode obcordate-obovate, 10-15 × 8-11 mm, adaxially with bubblelike papillae and a central umbo, subtruncate at apex.
Tree trunks or branches in open forests, sunny cliffs, crevices of rocks, rocky places; 1100-1800(-2000) m. Yunnan [NE India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Paphiopedilum ×sinovillosum Z. J. Liu & S. C. Chen (J. S. China Agric. Univ. 25: 123. 2004), a natural hybrid between P. villosum and P. henryanum, was described recently from Malipo of SE Yunnan.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：美丽兜兰
异名（Synonym）：Cordula villosa (Lindl.) Rolfe Paphiopedilum villosum var. annamense Hort. :S. C. Chen et F. Y. Liu Cypripedium villosum Lindl.
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）兜兰属
形态特征（Description）：地生或附生植物。叶基生，二列，通常4-5枚；叶片宽线形或狭长圆形，长20-40厘米，宽2.5-4厘米，先端常为不等的2尖裂，深黄绿色，背面近基部有紫色细斑点，无毛，基部收狭成叶柄状并对折而互相套叠。花葶直立，长10-24厘米，黄绿色，有紫色斑点和较密的长柔毛，顶端生1花；花苞片近椭圆形，长4-5厘米，宽2-2.5厘米，围抱子房，除背面中脉近基部处具长柔毛外余均无毛；花梗和子房长4-5厘米，密被紫褐色长柔毛；花大；中萼片中央紫栗色而有白色或黄绿色边缘，合萼片淡黄绿色，花瓣具紫褐色中脉，中脉的一侧（上侧）为淡紫褐色，另一侧（下侧）色较淡或呈淡黄褐色，唇瓣亮褐黄色而略有暗色脉纹；中萼片倒卵形至宽倒卵状椭圆形，长4.5-6厘米，宽3-3.8厘米，先端钝，基部收狭，边缘具缘毛，基部边缘向后弯卷；合萼片卵形，长3.8-5厘米，宽1.7-2.2厘米，亦具类似的缘毛；花瓣倒卵状匙形，长5-6.5厘米，上部宽2.5-2.8厘米，先端钝，边缘波状并有缘毛，基部明显收狭成爪并在内表面有少量紫褐色长柔毛；唇瓣倒盔状，基部有宽阔的，长2-2.5厘米的柄；囊近椭圆状圆锥形，长2.5-3.2厘米，宽2-3厘米，囊口极宽阔，两侧各有1个直立的耳，两耳前方边缘不内折，囊底有毛；退化雄蕊椭圆状倒卵形，长1-1.5厘米，宽7-10毫米，先端近截形而略有凹缺，基部有耳，中央具脐状突起，脐状突起上有时具不明显的小疣。花期11月至次年3月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南及广西，越南及老挝也有，生于海拔1300～2000米林缘、树上或含有腐殖质的多石处。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 34, 39, 40, 41,42, 44
Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindley) Stein, Orchideenbuch. 490. 1892.
紫毛兜兰 zi mao dou lan| Orchidaceae | Paphiopedilum
Plants epiphytic or sometimes lithophytic. Leaves 4-7, distichous; blade abaxially green and with purple speckles toward base, adaxially uniformly dark green, linear-oblong or lorate, 20-32(-40) × 2.2-3.5(-4) cm, leathery, acute to obtuse and bilobulate at apex. Scape suberect to arching, terminating in a solitary flower; peduncle green, 10-18(-24) cm, with purple or rarely whitish hairs; floral bract green, elliptic, conduplicate, 4-5 × 2-3 cm, abaxially purple spotted and hairy toward base; pedicel and ovary 4-5 cm, with purple or rarely whitish hairs. Flower 8-13 cm in diam.; dorsal sepal greenish or yellowish to whitish, centrally blackish maroon spotted or with a deep maroon or blackish maroon area; synsepal greenish to yellowish white; petals with a deep maroon central stripe, on upper side of central stripe pale maroon with deep maroon veins, on lower side paler in color; lip pale maroon obscurely with darker veins; staminode yellowish, flushed with pale maroon, centrally with a yellow or green umbo. Dorsal sepal broadly elliptic to obovate, 4-6.5 × 2.2-4.5 cm, abaxially ± minutely hairy throughout and with rather long hairs on midvein and toward base and apex, ciliate, recurved on basal margin, apex obtuse; synsepal elliptic-ovate to narrowly ovate, usually 4-5 × 1.7-2.8 cm. Petals spatulate-obovate, 5-6.5 × 2.2-4.5 cm, adaxially purple villous at base, ciliate, obtuse to retuse at apex; lip helmet-shaped, 5-6.5 cm; pouch 2.5-4 × 2.5-3.5 cm. Staminode obcordate-obovate, 10-15 × 8-11 mm, adaxially with bubblelike papillae and a central umbo, subtruncate at apex.
Tree trunks or branches in open forests, sunny cliffs, crevices of rocks, rocky places; 1100-1800(-2000) m. Yunnan [NE India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Paphiopedilum ×sinovillosum Z. J. Liu & S. C. Chen (J. S. China Agric. Univ. 25: 123. 2004), a natural hybrid between P. villosum and P. henryanum, was described recently from Malipo of SE Yunnan.
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