细茎石斛 Dendrobium moniliforme
中文名（Chinese Name）：细茎石斛
学名（Scientific Name）：Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：铜皮石斛、清水山石斛
异名（Synonym）：Dendrobium yunnanense Finet Dendrobium zonatum Rolfe Dendrobium heishanense Hayata Epidendrum moniliforme L. Callista moniliforme Kuntze Epidendrum monile Thunb. ex A. Murray Dendrobium monile (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Kraenzl. Dendrobium castum Bateman ex Rchb. f. Dendrobium catenatum Lindl. Ormostema albiflora Raf. Limodorum monile (Thunb.) Thunb. Callista japonica (Blume) Kuntze Callista moniliformis (L.) Kuntze Dendrobium japonicum (Blume) Lindl. Dendrobium taiwanianum S.S.Ying Epidendrum moniliferum Panz. Dendrobium moniliforme var. malipoense L.J.Chen & Z.J.Liu
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）石斛属
形态特征（Description）：茎直立，细圆柱形，通常长10-20厘米，或更长，粗3-5毫米，具多节，节间长2-4厘米，干后金黄色或黄色带深灰色。叶数枚，二列，常互生于茎的中部以上，披针形或长圆形，长3-4.5厘米，宽5-10毫米，先端钝并且稍不等侧2裂，基部下延为抱茎的鞘；总状花序2至数个，生于茎中部以上具叶和落了叶的老茎上，通常具1-3花；花序柄长3-5毫米；花苞片干膜质，浅白色带褐色斑块，卵形，长3-4 (-8) 毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端钝；花梗和子房纤细，长1-2.5厘米；花黄绿色、白色或白色带淡紫红色，有时芳香；萼片和花瓣相似，卵状长圆形或卵状披针形，长 (1-) 1.3-1.7 (-2.3) 厘米，宽 (1.5-) 3-4 (-8) 毫米，先端锐尖或钝，具5条脉；侧萼片基部歪斜而贴生于蕊柱足；萼囊圆锥形，长4-5毫米，宽约5毫米，末端钝；花瓣通常比萼片稍宽；唇瓣白色、淡黄绿色或绿白色，带淡褐色或紫红色至浅黄色斑块，整体轮廓卵状披针形，比萼片稍短，基部楔形，3裂；侧裂片半圆形，直立，围抱蕊柱，边缘全缘或具不规则的齿；中裂片卵状披针形，先端锐尖或稍钝，全缘，无毛；唇盘在两侧裂片之间密布短柔毛，基部常具1个椭圆形胼胝体，近中裂片基部通常具1个紫红色、淡褐或浅黄色的斑块；蕊柱白色，长约3毫米；药帽白色或淡黄色，圆锥形，顶端不裂，有时被细乳突；蕊柱足基部常具紫红色条纹，无毛或有时具毛。花期通常3-5月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖南、广东、广西、贵州、四川、云南等地。生于海拔590～3000米的阔叶林中树干上或山谷岩壁上。印度、朝鲜、日本也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 372, 381,382
Dendrobium moniliforme (Linnaeus) Swartz, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2. 6: 85. 1799.
细茎石斛 xi jing shi hu | Orchidaceae | Dendrobium
Epidendrum moniliforme Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 954. 1753; Callista candida (Wallich ex Lindley) Kuntze; C. japonica (Blume) Kuntze; C. moniliformis (Linnaeus) Kuntze; C. spathacea (Lindley) Kuntze; Dendrobium candidum Wallich ex Lindley; D. castum Bateman ex H. G. Reichenbach; D. crispulum Kimura & Migo; D. heishanense Hayata; D. japonicum (Blume) Lindley; D. kosepangii C. L. Tso; D. kwangtungense C. L. Tso; D. monile (Thunberg) Kraenzlin; D. nienkui C. L. Tso; D. spathaceum Lindley; D. taiwanianum S. S. Ying; D. tosaense Makino var. chingshuishanianum S. S. Ying; D. wilsonii Rolfe; D. yunnanense Finet; D. zonatum Rolfe; E. monile Thunberg, nom. illeg. superfl.; Limodorum monile Thunberg, nom. illeg. superfl.; Onychium japonicum Blume.
Stems erect, cylindric, usually 10-30 cm or longer, slender, 3-6 mm in diam., with many nodes, internodes 1.5-2.5 cm, golden yellow or yellow tinged with dark gray when dry. Leaves several, often alternate on stem above middle, lanceolate, oblong, or narrowly oblong, 3-5(-7) × 0.5-1.2(-1.5) cm, base decurrent into clasping sheaths, apex obtuse and slightly unequally bilobed. Inflorescences 1 to several, borne above middle of deciduous or leafy old stem, usually 1-3-flowered; peduncle 3-5 mm; floral bracts pale white, tinged with brown spots, ovate, 3-7(-8) × 2-3(or more) mm, dry, membranous, apex obtuse or acuminate. Pedicel and ovary white, 1-3 cm, slender. Flowers sometimes fragrant, yellowish green, creamy white, or white tinged with pale purplish red; lip white, pale yellowish green, or greenish white, spots tinged with pale brown or purplish red to pale yellow, often with a purplish red, pale brown, pale yellow, or yellowish green central spot near base of mid-lobe, column white, foot often with purplish red stripes at base, anther cap white or pale yellow. Sepals and petals similar, ovate-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, (10-)13-40 × (1.5-)3-10 mm, 5- or 6-veined, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse; lateral sepals oblique and adnate to column foot; mentum conic or subglobose, 4-15 × ca. 5 mm, obtuse. Petals subelliptic, (23-)25-40 × 10-15 mm, 5- or 6-veined, acute; lip ovate-lanceolate in outline, slightly shorter than sepal, base cuneate, distinctly or inconspicuously 3-lobed; lateral lobes subrounded, erect, embracing column, margin entire or irregularly toothed; mid-lobe ovate to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, base often with an elliptic callus, margin entire, apex acute or slightly obtuse; disk densely pubescent between 2 lateral lobes. Column 3-4 mm, foot ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous or sometimes hairy; anther cap conic, sometimes densely finely papillate, apex unlobed.
Epiphytic on tree trunks in broad-leaved forests, lithophytic on rocks in forests and cliffs in valleys; 600-3000 m. SW Anhui, N and SE Fujian, S Gansu, N and SW Guangdong, N Guangxi, E Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, S Sichuan, Taiwan, NW to SE Yunnan, N Zhejiang [Bhutan, NE India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, N Vietnam].
Dendrobium moniliforme var. malipoense L. J. Chen & Z. J. Liu (J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 26: 358. 2008), described from Yunnan (Malipo), is said to differ in its very small, fusiform stems 4-6 cm, inflorescence axis 1-2 cm, dorsal sepal narrowly oblong, and lip with three lamellae. However, H. P. Wood is skeptical that the taxon is really distinct from typical D. moniliforme.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：铜皮石斛、清水山石斛
异名（Synonym）：Dendrobium yunnanense Finet Dendrobium zonatum Rolfe Dendrobium heishanense Hayata Epidendrum moniliforme L. Callista moniliforme Kuntze Epidendrum monile Thunb. ex A. Murray Dendrobium monile (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Kraenzl. Dendrobium castum Bateman ex Rchb. f. Dendrobium catenatum Lindl. Ormostema albiflora Raf. Limodorum monile (Thunb.) Thunb. Callista japonica (Blume) Kuntze Callista moniliformis (L.) Kuntze Dendrobium japonicum (Blume) Lindl. Dendrobium taiwanianum S.S.Ying Epidendrum moniliferum Panz. Dendrobium moniliforme var. malipoense L.J.Chen & Z.J.Liu
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）石斛属
形态特征（Description）：茎直立，细圆柱形，通常长10-20厘米，或更长，粗3-5毫米，具多节，节间长2-4厘米，干后金黄色或黄色带深灰色。叶数枚，二列，常互生于茎的中部以上，披针形或长圆形，长3-4.5厘米，宽5-10毫米，先端钝并且稍不等侧2裂，基部下延为抱茎的鞘；总状花序2至数个，生于茎中部以上具叶和落了叶的老茎上，通常具1-3花；花序柄长3-5毫米；花苞片干膜质，浅白色带褐色斑块，卵形，长3-4 (-8) 毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端钝；花梗和子房纤细，长1-2.5厘米；花黄绿色、白色或白色带淡紫红色，有时芳香；萼片和花瓣相似，卵状长圆形或卵状披针形，长 (1-) 1.3-1.7 (-2.3) 厘米，宽 (1.5-) 3-4 (-8) 毫米，先端锐尖或钝，具5条脉；侧萼片基部歪斜而贴生于蕊柱足；萼囊圆锥形，长4-5毫米，宽约5毫米，末端钝；花瓣通常比萼片稍宽；唇瓣白色、淡黄绿色或绿白色，带淡褐色或紫红色至浅黄色斑块，整体轮廓卵状披针形，比萼片稍短，基部楔形，3裂；侧裂片半圆形，直立，围抱蕊柱，边缘全缘或具不规则的齿；中裂片卵状披针形，先端锐尖或稍钝，全缘，无毛；唇盘在两侧裂片之间密布短柔毛，基部常具1个椭圆形胼胝体，近中裂片基部通常具1个紫红色、淡褐或浅黄色的斑块；蕊柱白色，长约3毫米；药帽白色或淡黄色，圆锥形，顶端不裂，有时被细乳突；蕊柱足基部常具紫红色条纹，无毛或有时具毛。花期通常3-5月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖南、广东、广西、贵州、四川、云南等地。生于海拔590～3000米的阔叶林中树干上或山谷岩壁上。印度、朝鲜、日本也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 372, 381,382
Dendrobium moniliforme (Linnaeus) Swartz, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2. 6: 85. 1799.
细茎石斛 xi jing shi hu | Orchidaceae | Dendrobium
Epidendrum moniliforme Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 954. 1753; Callista candida (Wallich ex Lindley) Kuntze; C. japonica (Blume) Kuntze; C. moniliformis (Linnaeus) Kuntze; C. spathacea (Lindley) Kuntze; Dendrobium candidum Wallich ex Lindley; D. castum Bateman ex H. G. Reichenbach; D. crispulum Kimura & Migo; D. heishanense Hayata; D. japonicum (Blume) Lindley; D. kosepangii C. L. Tso; D. kwangtungense C. L. Tso; D. monile (Thunberg) Kraenzlin; D. nienkui C. L. Tso; D. spathaceum Lindley; D. taiwanianum S. S. Ying; D. tosaense Makino var. chingshuishanianum S. S. Ying; D. wilsonii Rolfe; D. yunnanense Finet; D. zonatum Rolfe; E. monile Thunberg, nom. illeg. superfl.; Limodorum monile Thunberg, nom. illeg. superfl.; Onychium japonicum Blume.
Stems erect, cylindric, usually 10-30 cm or longer, slender, 3-6 mm in diam., with many nodes, internodes 1.5-2.5 cm, golden yellow or yellow tinged with dark gray when dry. Leaves several, often alternate on stem above middle, lanceolate, oblong, or narrowly oblong, 3-5(-7) × 0.5-1.2(-1.5) cm, base decurrent into clasping sheaths, apex obtuse and slightly unequally bilobed. Inflorescences 1 to several, borne above middle of deciduous or leafy old stem, usually 1-3-flowered; peduncle 3-5 mm; floral bracts pale white, tinged with brown spots, ovate, 3-7(-8) × 2-3(or more) mm, dry, membranous, apex obtuse or acuminate. Pedicel and ovary white, 1-3 cm, slender. Flowers sometimes fragrant, yellowish green, creamy white, or white tinged with pale purplish red; lip white, pale yellowish green, or greenish white, spots tinged with pale brown or purplish red to pale yellow, often with a purplish red, pale brown, pale yellow, or yellowish green central spot near base of mid-lobe, column white, foot often with purplish red stripes at base, anther cap white or pale yellow. Sepals and petals similar, ovate-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, (10-)13-40 × (1.5-)3-10 mm, 5- or 6-veined, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse; lateral sepals oblique and adnate to column foot; mentum conic or subglobose, 4-15 × ca. 5 mm, obtuse. Petals subelliptic, (23-)25-40 × 10-15 mm, 5- or 6-veined, acute; lip ovate-lanceolate in outline, slightly shorter than sepal, base cuneate, distinctly or inconspicuously 3-lobed; lateral lobes subrounded, erect, embracing column, margin entire or irregularly toothed; mid-lobe ovate to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, base often with an elliptic callus, margin entire, apex acute or slightly obtuse; disk densely pubescent between 2 lateral lobes. Column 3-4 mm, foot ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous or sometimes hairy; anther cap conic, sometimes densely finely papillate, apex unlobed.
Epiphytic on tree trunks in broad-leaved forests, lithophytic on rocks in forests and cliffs in valleys; 600-3000 m. SW Anhui, N and SE Fujian, S Gansu, N and SW Guangdong, N Guangxi, E Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, S Sichuan, Taiwan, NW to SE Yunnan, N Zhejiang [Bhutan, NE India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, N Vietnam].
Dendrobium moniliforme var. malipoense L. J. Chen & Z. J. Liu (J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 26: 358. 2008), described from Yunnan (Malipo), is said to differ in its very small, fusiform stems 4-6 cm, inflorescence axis 1-2 cm, dorsal sepal narrowly oblong, and lip with three lamellae. However, H. P. Wood is skeptical that the taxon is really distinct from typical D. moniliforme.
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