虞美人Papaver rhoeas
中文名（Chinese Name）：虞美人
学名（Scientific Name）：Papaver rhoeas L.
英文名（English Common Name）：corn poppy
别名（Chinese Common Name）：丽春花
异名（Synonym）：Papaver arvaticum Jord. Papaver atropurpureum Gilib. Papaver commutatum Fisch.,C.A.Mey. & Trautv. Papaver dodonei Timb.-Lagr. Papaver fuchsii Timb.-Lagr. Papaver insignitum Jord. Papaver rhoeas subsp. strigosum Simonk. Papaver roubiaei Vig. Papaver syriacum Boiss. & Blanche Papaver tenuissimum Fedde Papaver trilobum Wallr. Papaver tumidulum Klokov Papaver umbrosum auct.
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）罂粟属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，全体被伸展的刚毛，稀无毛。茎直立，高25-90厘米，具分枝，被淡黄色刚毛。叶互生，叶片轮廓披针形或狭卵形，长3-15厘米，宽1-6厘米，羽状分裂，下部全裂，全裂片披针形和二回羽状浅裂，上部深裂或浅裂、裂片披针形，最上部粗齿状羽状浅裂，顶生裂片通常较大，小裂片先端均渐尖，两面被淡黄色刚毛，叶脉在背面突起，在表面略凹；下部叶具柄，上部叶无柄。花单生于茎和分枝顶端；花梗长10-15厘米，被淡黄色平展的刚毛。花蕾长圆状倒卵形，下垂；萼片2,宽椭圆形，长1-1.8厘米，绿色，外面被刚毛；花瓣4,圆形、横向宽椭圆形或宽倒卵形，长2.5-4.5厘米，全缘，稀圆齿状或顶端缺刻状，紫红色，基部通常具深紫色斑点；雄蕊多数，花丝丝状，长约8毫米，深紫红色，花药长圆形，长约1毫米，黄色；子房倒卵形，长7-10毫米，无毛，柱头5-18，辐射状，连合成扁平、边缘圆齿状的盘状体。蒴果宽倒卵形，长1-2.2厘米，无毛，具不明显的肋。种子多数，肾状长圆形，长约1毫米。花果期3-8月。
分布（Distribution）：原产欧洲，我国各地常见栽培，为观赏植物。
用途（Use）：花和全株入药，含多种生物碱，有镇咳、止泻、镇痛、镇静等功效；种子含油40%以上。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 278, 279
Papaver rhoeas Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 507. 1753.
虞美人 yu mei ren | Papaveraceae | Papaver
Herbs, annual, setose throughout, rarely glabrous. Stems erect, 25-90 cm tall, branched, yellowish setose. Leaves alternate; blade lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 3-15 × 1-6 cm, both surfaces yellowish setose, veins prominent abaxially and slightly concave adaxially, pinnatifid, below divided; lobes lanceolate and bipinnatilobate, above parted or again lobed; lobes lanceolate, uppermost one serrate-pinnatilobate, terminal lobes usually large; lobules apically acuminate; lower leaves petiolate but upper ones sessile. Flowers solitary on stem and branch apices, bowl-shaped, 6-9 cm in diam. Pedicel 10-15 cm, compressed yellowish setose. Flower buds nutant, oblong-obovoid, setose. Sepals 2, green, broadly elliptic, 1-1.8 cm, adaxially setose. Petals 4, rich scarlet, occasionally mauvish, pink, orange, or white, with or without a basal dark blotch or flecking, orbicular, transversely broadly elliptic or broadly obovate, 2.5-4.5 cm, overlapping, entire, rarely crenate or apex incised. Stamens many; filaments dark mauve or purplish, filamentous, ca. 8 mm; anthers blue, oblong, ca. 1 mm. Ovary obovoid, 7-10 mm, glabrous; stigmas 8-12, actinomorphic, united into compressed disk, margin crenate. Capsule broadly obovoid, 10-18 mm, glabrous, inconspicuously costate. Seeds many, reniform-oblong, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar-Aug. 2n = 14.
Cultivated in China, sometimes escaping (in Taiwan) [native to N Africa, SW Asia, and Europe].
This species is used ornamentally and includes flowers in various colors as well as bicolored and semidouble forms.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Papaver rhoeas L.
英文名（English Common Name）：corn poppy
别名（Chinese Common Name）：丽春花
异名（Synonym）：Papaver arvaticum Jord. Papaver atropurpureum Gilib. Papaver commutatum Fisch.,C.A.Mey. & Trautv. Papaver dodonei Timb.-Lagr. Papaver fuchsii Timb.-Lagr. Papaver insignitum Jord. Papaver rhoeas subsp. strigosum Simonk. Papaver roubiaei Vig. Papaver syriacum Boiss. & Blanche Papaver tenuissimum Fedde Papaver trilobum Wallr. Papaver tumidulum Klokov Papaver umbrosum auct.
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）罂粟属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，全体被伸展的刚毛，稀无毛。茎直立，高25-90厘米，具分枝，被淡黄色刚毛。叶互生，叶片轮廓披针形或狭卵形，长3-15厘米，宽1-6厘米，羽状分裂，下部全裂，全裂片披针形和二回羽状浅裂，上部深裂或浅裂、裂片披针形，最上部粗齿状羽状浅裂，顶生裂片通常较大，小裂片先端均渐尖，两面被淡黄色刚毛，叶脉在背面突起，在表面略凹；下部叶具柄，上部叶无柄。花单生于茎和分枝顶端；花梗长10-15厘米，被淡黄色平展的刚毛。花蕾长圆状倒卵形，下垂；萼片2,宽椭圆形，长1-1.8厘米，绿色，外面被刚毛；花瓣4,圆形、横向宽椭圆形或宽倒卵形，长2.5-4.5厘米，全缘，稀圆齿状或顶端缺刻状，紫红色，基部通常具深紫色斑点；雄蕊多数，花丝丝状，长约8毫米，深紫红色，花药长圆形，长约1毫米，黄色；子房倒卵形，长7-10毫米，无毛，柱头5-18，辐射状，连合成扁平、边缘圆齿状的盘状体。蒴果宽倒卵形，长1-2.2厘米，无毛，具不明显的肋。种子多数，肾状长圆形，长约1毫米。花果期3-8月。
分布（Distribution）：原产欧洲，我国各地常见栽培，为观赏植物。
用途（Use）：花和全株入药，含多种生物碱，有镇咳、止泻、镇痛、镇静等功效；种子含油40%以上。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 278, 279
Papaver rhoeas Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 507. 1753.
虞美人 yu mei ren | Papaveraceae | Papaver
Herbs, annual, setose throughout, rarely glabrous. Stems erect, 25-90 cm tall, branched, yellowish setose. Leaves alternate; blade lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 3-15 × 1-6 cm, both surfaces yellowish setose, veins prominent abaxially and slightly concave adaxially, pinnatifid, below divided; lobes lanceolate and bipinnatilobate, above parted or again lobed; lobes lanceolate, uppermost one serrate-pinnatilobate, terminal lobes usually large; lobules apically acuminate; lower leaves petiolate but upper ones sessile. Flowers solitary on stem and branch apices, bowl-shaped, 6-9 cm in diam. Pedicel 10-15 cm, compressed yellowish setose. Flower buds nutant, oblong-obovoid, setose. Sepals 2, green, broadly elliptic, 1-1.8 cm, adaxially setose. Petals 4, rich scarlet, occasionally mauvish, pink, orange, or white, with or without a basal dark blotch or flecking, orbicular, transversely broadly elliptic or broadly obovate, 2.5-4.5 cm, overlapping, entire, rarely crenate or apex incised. Stamens many; filaments dark mauve or purplish, filamentous, ca. 8 mm; anthers blue, oblong, ca. 1 mm. Ovary obovoid, 7-10 mm, glabrous; stigmas 8-12, actinomorphic, united into compressed disk, margin crenate. Capsule broadly obovoid, 10-18 mm, glabrous, inconspicuously costate. Seeds many, reniform-oblong, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Mar-Aug. 2n = 14.
Cultivated in China, sometimes escaping (in Taiwan) [native to N Africa, SW Asia, and Europe].
This species is used ornamentally and includes flowers in various colors as well as bicolored and semidouble forms.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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