罂粟Papaver somniferum
中文名（Chinese Name）：罂粟
学名（Scientific Name）：Papaver somniferum L.
英文名（English Common Name）：opium poppy
别名（Chinese Common Name）：鸦片、大烟
异名（Synonym）：Papaver somniferum var. setigerum auct. non (DC.) Corb.
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）罂粟属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，无毛或稀在植株下部或总花梗上被极少的刚毛，高30-60 (-100)厘米，栽培者可达1.5米。主根近圆锥状，垂直。茎直立，不分枝，无毛，具白粉。叶互生，叶片卵形或长卵形，长7-25厘米，先端渐尖至钝，基部心形，边缘为不规则的波状锯齿，两面无毛，具白粉，叶脉明显，略突起；下部叶具短柄，上部叶无柄、抱茎。花单生；花梗长达25厘米，无毛或稀散生刚毛。花蕾卵圆状长圆形或宽卵形，长1.5-3.5厘米，宽1-3厘米，无毛；萼片2，宽卵形，绿色，边缘膜质；花瓣4，近圆形或近扇形，长4-7厘米，宽3-11厘米，边缘浅波状或各式分裂，白色、粉红色、红色、紫色或杂色；雄蕊多数，花丝线形，长1-1.5厘米，白色，花药长圆形，长3-6毫米，淡黄色；子房球形，直径1-2厘米，绿色，无毛，柱头（5-）8-12（-18），辐射状，连合成扁平的盘状体，盘边缘深裂，裂片具细圆齿。蒴果球形或长圆状椭圆形，长4-7厘米，直径4-5厘米，无毛，成熟时褐色。种子多数，黑色或深灰色，表面呈蜂窝状。花果期3-11月。
分布（Distribution）：原产南欧，我国许多地区有关药物研究单位有栽培。
用途（Use）：花大，色艳，重瓣的栽培品种为庭园观赏植物。未成熟果实含乳白色浆液，制干后即为鸦片，和果壳均含吗啡、可待因、罂粟碱等多种生物碱，加工入药，有敛肺、涩肠、止咳、止痛和催眠等功效，治久咳、久泻、久痢、脱肛、心腹筋骨诸痛；种子榨油可供食用。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 278
Papaver somniferum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 508. 1753.
罂粟 ying su | Papaveraceae | Papaver
Herbs, annual, 30-60(-100) cm tall (to 1.5 m in cultivation), glabrous or rarely slightly setose on plant below or on peduncle. Taproot erect, almost conical. Stems erect, glaucous, glabrous, occasionally somewhat setose. Leaves alternate; blade ovate or oblong, 7-25 cm, both surfaces glabrous, glaucous and rather waxy, veins distinct, slightly raised, base cordate, margin irregularly undulate-serrate, apex acuminate to obtuse; leaves below shortly petiolate but above sessile and amplexicaul. Flowers solitary, deeply cup-shaped, 5-12 cm in diam. Pedicel to 25 cm, glabrous or rarely sparsely setose. Flower buds nutant at first, erect at anthesis, oval-oblong or broadly ovoid, 1.5-3.5 × 1-3 cm, glabrous. Sepals 2, green, broadly ovate, margin membranous. Petals 4, white, pink, red, purple, or various, often with a dark basal blotch, suborbicular or almost flabellate, 4-7 × 3-11 cm, margin undulate or variously lobed. Stamens many; filaments white, linear, 1-1.5 cm; anthers yellowish or cream, oblong, 3-6 mm. Ovary green, spherical, 1-2 cm in diam., glabrous; stigmas 5-12(-18), actinomorphic, united into compressed disk, disk margin deeply divided, lobes crenulate. Capsule brown when mature, spherical or oblong-elliptic, 4-9 × 4-5 cm, glabrous. Seeds many, black or deep gray, adaxially alveolate. Fl. Mar-Aug. 2n = 18, 22-23, 25, 32.
Cultivated at many medicinal institutes in China and also illegally [cultivated in Afghanistan, India, Laos, Myanmar, and N Thailand; native to S Europe where it is also widely cultivated ornamentally and for the pharmaceutical industry].
This species is the source of heroin, morphine, and other alkaloids used in the drug trade and in medicine. The seeds are widely used as a condiment.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Papaver somniferum L.
英文名（English Common Name）：opium poppy
别名（Chinese Common Name）：鸦片、大烟
异名（Synonym）：Papaver somniferum var. setigerum auct. non (DC.) Corb.
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）罂粟属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，无毛或稀在植株下部或总花梗上被极少的刚毛，高30-60 (-100)厘米，栽培者可达1.5米。主根近圆锥状，垂直。茎直立，不分枝，无毛，具白粉。叶互生，叶片卵形或长卵形，长7-25厘米，先端渐尖至钝，基部心形，边缘为不规则的波状锯齿，两面无毛，具白粉，叶脉明显，略突起；下部叶具短柄，上部叶无柄、抱茎。花单生；花梗长达25厘米，无毛或稀散生刚毛。花蕾卵圆状长圆形或宽卵形，长1.5-3.5厘米，宽1-3厘米，无毛；萼片2，宽卵形，绿色，边缘膜质；花瓣4，近圆形或近扇形，长4-7厘米，宽3-11厘米，边缘浅波状或各式分裂，白色、粉红色、红色、紫色或杂色；雄蕊多数，花丝线形，长1-1.5厘米，白色，花药长圆形，长3-6毫米，淡黄色；子房球形，直径1-2厘米，绿色，无毛，柱头（5-）8-12（-18），辐射状，连合成扁平的盘状体，盘边缘深裂，裂片具细圆齿。蒴果球形或长圆状椭圆形，长4-7厘米，直径4-5厘米，无毛，成熟时褐色。种子多数，黑色或深灰色，表面呈蜂窝状。花果期3-11月。
分布（Distribution）：原产南欧，我国许多地区有关药物研究单位有栽培。
用途（Use）：花大，色艳，重瓣的栽培品种为庭园观赏植物。未成熟果实含乳白色浆液，制干后即为鸦片，和果壳均含吗啡、可待因、罂粟碱等多种生物碱，加工入药，有敛肺、涩肠、止咳、止痛和催眠等功效，治久咳、久泻、久痢、脱肛、心腹筋骨诸痛；种子榨油可供食用。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 278
Papaver somniferum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 508. 1753.
罂粟 ying su | Papaveraceae | Papaver
Herbs, annual, 30-60(-100) cm tall (to 1.5 m in cultivation), glabrous or rarely slightly setose on plant below or on peduncle. Taproot erect, almost conical. Stems erect, glaucous, glabrous, occasionally somewhat setose. Leaves alternate; blade ovate or oblong, 7-25 cm, both surfaces glabrous, glaucous and rather waxy, veins distinct, slightly raised, base cordate, margin irregularly undulate-serrate, apex acuminate to obtuse; leaves below shortly petiolate but above sessile and amplexicaul. Flowers solitary, deeply cup-shaped, 5-12 cm in diam. Pedicel to 25 cm, glabrous or rarely sparsely setose. Flower buds nutant at first, erect at anthesis, oval-oblong or broadly ovoid, 1.5-3.5 × 1-3 cm, glabrous. Sepals 2, green, broadly ovate, margin membranous. Petals 4, white, pink, red, purple, or various, often with a dark basal blotch, suborbicular or almost flabellate, 4-7 × 3-11 cm, margin undulate or variously lobed. Stamens many; filaments white, linear, 1-1.5 cm; anthers yellowish or cream, oblong, 3-6 mm. Ovary green, spherical, 1-2 cm in diam., glabrous; stigmas 5-12(-18), actinomorphic, united into compressed disk, disk margin deeply divided, lobes crenulate. Capsule brown when mature, spherical or oblong-elliptic, 4-9 × 4-5 cm, glabrous. Seeds many, black or deep gray, adaxially alveolate. Fl. Mar-Aug. 2n = 18, 22-23, 25, 32.
Cultivated at many medicinal institutes in China and also illegally [cultivated in Afghanistan, India, Laos, Myanmar, and N Thailand; native to S Europe where it is also widely cultivated ornamentally and for the pharmaceutical industry].
This species is the source of heroin, morphine, and other alkaloids used in the drug trade and in medicine. The seeds are widely used as a condiment.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）踩一下[1]
顶一下[4]