东方罂粟Papaver orientale
中文名（Chinese Name）：东方罂粟
学名（Scientific Name）：Papaver orientale L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Oriental poppy
别名（Chinese Common Name）：鬼罂粟
异名（Synonym）：Papaver pseudoorientale (Fedde) Medv. Calomecon orientale Spach Papaver orientale var. intermedium Grossh.
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）罂粟属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，植株被刚毛，具乳白色液汁。根纺锤状，带白色。茎单1，高60-90厘米（栽培者超过100厘米），直立，圆柱形，被近开展或紧贴的刚毛。基生叶片轮廓卵形至披针形，连叶柄长20-25厘米（栽培者更长），二回羽状深裂，小裂片披针形或长圆形，具疏齿或缺刻状齿，两面绿色，被刚毛；茎生叶多数，互生，同基生叶，但较小，下部叶具长柄，最上部叶无柄。花单生；花梗延长，密被刚毛；花蕾卵形或宽卵形，长2-3厘米，被伸展的刚毛；萼片2，有时3，外面绿色，里面自色；花瓣4-6,宽倒卵形或扇状，长(3-) 5-6 (-8)厘米，基部具短爪，背面有粗脉，红色或深红色，有时在爪上具紫蓝色斑点；雄蕊多数，花丝丝状，下部扩大，深紫色，花药长圆形，紫蓝色。柱头13-15 (-18)，辐射状，紫蓝色，连合成平扁、边缘具疏离粗齿的盘状体。蒴果近球形，直径2-3.5厘米，苍白色，无毛。种子圆肾形，褐色，具宽条纹及小孔穴。花期6-7月。
分布（Distribution）：原产地中海地区，我国引种栽培。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 278, 279
Papaver orientale Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 508. 1753.
鬼罂粟 gui ying su| Papaveraceae | Papaver
Herbs, perennial, setose throughout, ivory lactiferous. Roots whitish, fusiform, fleshy, with numerous fibrous roots. Stems erect to ascending, tufted, 60-90 cm tall (cultivated plants over 100 cm), erect, terete, almost compressed- or appressed setose, leafy in lower 2/3. Basal leaves green on both surfaces, ovate to lanceolate, 20-30 cm including petiole (longer in cultivated plants), sparsely serrate or incised, teeth bristle-tipped, both surfaces setose, bipinnatipartite; lobules lanceolate or oblong. Cauline leaves many, alternate, similar to basal leaves, but smaller; lower leaves long petiolate, uppermost sessile. Flowers solitary, terminal, bowl-shaped, large, 10-16 cm in diam. Pedicel densely setose. Flower buds erect, ovoid or broadly ovoid, 2-3 cm, spreading setose. Sepals 2, sometimes 3, outside green, inside whitish. Petals 4-6, red or carmine, with or without a basal dark blotch or flecking, broadly obovate or flabellate, (3-)5-8 cm, basally shortly clawed, abaxially with thick veins. Stamens numerous; filaments dark, filiform, below ampliate; anthers indigo-violet, oblong. Stigma 10-16-rayed, actinomorphic, indigo, uniting into compressed disk, margin sparsely thickly serrate. Capsule spheroidal, 2-3.5 cm in diam., glabrous, with a flat 10-16-rayed stigmatic disk. Seeds brown, orbicular-reniform, broadly striate, with small foveolae. Fl. Jun-Jul. 2n = 28.
Widely cultivated as an ornamental in Taiwan [native to the Caucasus, N Iran, and NE Turkey].
Many cultivated forms are recorded in a wide range of colors, including orange, reds, mauve, purple, pink, and white. These are mostly of hybrid origin between Papaver orientale and the closely related P. bracteatum Lindley.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Papaver orientale L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Oriental poppy
别名（Chinese Common Name）：鬼罂粟
异名（Synonym）：Papaver pseudoorientale (Fedde) Medv. Calomecon orientale Spach Papaver orientale var. intermedium Grossh.
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）罂粟属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，植株被刚毛，具乳白色液汁。根纺锤状，带白色。茎单1，高60-90厘米（栽培者超过100厘米），直立，圆柱形，被近开展或紧贴的刚毛。基生叶片轮廓卵形至披针形，连叶柄长20-25厘米（栽培者更长），二回羽状深裂，小裂片披针形或长圆形，具疏齿或缺刻状齿，两面绿色，被刚毛；茎生叶多数，互生，同基生叶，但较小，下部叶具长柄，最上部叶无柄。花单生；花梗延长，密被刚毛；花蕾卵形或宽卵形，长2-3厘米，被伸展的刚毛；萼片2，有时3，外面绿色，里面自色；花瓣4-6,宽倒卵形或扇状，长(3-) 5-6 (-8)厘米，基部具短爪，背面有粗脉，红色或深红色，有时在爪上具紫蓝色斑点；雄蕊多数，花丝丝状，下部扩大，深紫色，花药长圆形，紫蓝色。柱头13-15 (-18)，辐射状，紫蓝色，连合成平扁、边缘具疏离粗齿的盘状体。蒴果近球形，直径2-3.5厘米，苍白色，无毛。种子圆肾形，褐色，具宽条纹及小孔穴。花期6-7月。
分布（Distribution）：原产地中海地区，我国引种栽培。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 278, 279
Papaver orientale Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 508. 1753.
鬼罂粟 gui ying su| Papaveraceae | Papaver
Herbs, perennial, setose throughout, ivory lactiferous. Roots whitish, fusiform, fleshy, with numerous fibrous roots. Stems erect to ascending, tufted, 60-90 cm tall (cultivated plants over 100 cm), erect, terete, almost compressed- or appressed setose, leafy in lower 2/3. Basal leaves green on both surfaces, ovate to lanceolate, 20-30 cm including petiole (longer in cultivated plants), sparsely serrate or incised, teeth bristle-tipped, both surfaces setose, bipinnatipartite; lobules lanceolate or oblong. Cauline leaves many, alternate, similar to basal leaves, but smaller; lower leaves long petiolate, uppermost sessile. Flowers solitary, terminal, bowl-shaped, large, 10-16 cm in diam. Pedicel densely setose. Flower buds erect, ovoid or broadly ovoid, 2-3 cm, spreading setose. Sepals 2, sometimes 3, outside green, inside whitish. Petals 4-6, red or carmine, with or without a basal dark blotch or flecking, broadly obovate or flabellate, (3-)5-8 cm, basally shortly clawed, abaxially with thick veins. Stamens numerous; filaments dark, filiform, below ampliate; anthers indigo-violet, oblong. Stigma 10-16-rayed, actinomorphic, indigo, uniting into compressed disk, margin sparsely thickly serrate. Capsule spheroidal, 2-3.5 cm in diam., glabrous, with a flat 10-16-rayed stigmatic disk. Seeds brown, orbicular-reniform, broadly striate, with small foveolae. Fl. Jun-Jul. 2n = 28.
Widely cultivated as an ornamental in Taiwan [native to the Caucasus, N Iran, and NE Turkey].
Many cultivated forms are recorded in a wide range of colors, including orange, reds, mauve, purple, pink, and white. These are mostly of hybrid origin between Papaver orientale and the closely related P. bracteatum Lindley.
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