龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa
中文名（Chinese Name）：龙芽草
学名（Scientific Name）：Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：仙鹤草、路边黄
异名（Synonym）：Agrimonia eupatoria var. japonica (Miq.) Masam. Agrimonia japonica (Miq.) Koidz. Agrimonia pilosa var. japonica (Miq.) Nakai Agrimonia obtusifolia A. I. Baranov et Skvortsov Agrimonia pilosa var. viscidula (Bunge) Kom. Agrimonia viscidula Bunge Agrimonia pilosa subsp. japonica (Miq.) H. Hara Agrimonia viscidula var. japonica Miq. Agrimonia viscidula f. borealis Kitag. Agrimonia conopsea Czern. ex C.A.Mey., nom. nud. Agrimonia convergens Czern. ex Juz. Agrimonia godetiana Andrz. Agrimonia gotectiana auct. Agrimonia eupatoria var. dahurica Fisch. ex Link Agrimonia eupatoria var. davurica Link Agrimonia eupatoria var. pilosa (Ledeb.) Klinge Agrimonia pilosa f. dahurica (Willd. ex Ser.) Nakai Agrimonia pilosa var. setulosa Regel Agrimonia striata subsp. pilosa (Ledeb.) Rumjantsev, comb. inval. Agrimonia pilosa f. davurica Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：蔷薇科（Rosaceae）龙芽草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。根多呈块茎状，周围长出若干侧根，根茎短，基部常有1至数个地下芽。茎高30-120厘米，被疏柔毛及短柔毛，稀下部被稀疏长硬毛。叶为间断奇数羽状复叶，通常有小叶3-4对，稀2对，向上减少至3小叶，叶柄被稀疏柔毛或短柔毛；小叶片无柄或有短柄，倒卵形，倒卵椭圆形或倒卵披针形，长1.5-5厘米，宽1-2.5厘米，顶端急尖至圆钝，稀渐尖，基部楔形至宽楔形，边缘有急尖到圆钝锯齿，上面被疏柔毛，稀脱落几无毛，下面通常脉上伏生疏柔毛，稀脱落几无毛，有显著腺点；托叶草质，绿色，镰形，稀卵形，顶端急尖或渐尖，边缘有尖锐锯齿或裂片，稀全缘，茎下部托叶有时卵状披针形，常全缘。花序穗状总状顶生，分枝或不分枝，花序轴被柔毛，花梗长1-5毫米，被柔毛；苞片通常深3裂，裂片带形，小苞片对生，卵形，全缘或边缘分裂；花直径6-9毫米；萼片5，三角卵形；花瓣黄色，长圆形；雄蕊5-8-15枚；花柱2，丝状，柱头头状。果实倒卵圆锥形，外面有10条肋，被疏柔毛，顶端有数层钩刺，幼时直立，成熟时靠合，连钩刺长7-8毫米，最宽处直径3-4毫米。花果期5-12月。
分布（Distribution）：我国南北各省区均产，常生于海拔100-3800米溪边、路旁、草地、灌丛、林缘及疏林下。欧洲中部以及俄罗斯、蒙古、朝鲜、日本和越南北部均有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 9 Page 382
Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour, Index Seminum Hort. Dorpat., Suppl. 1. 1823.
龙芽草 long ya cao| Rosaceae | Agrimonia
Herbs 30–120 cm tall. Rhizome short, usually tuberous, with many lateral roots and 1 to several underground buds. Stems sparsely pilose and pubescent, or densely rigidly hairy (rarely sparsely hirsute) in lower part. Stipules green, falcate, rarely ovate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin sharply serrate or lobed, rarely entire, apex acute or acuminate; petiole sparsely pilose or pubescent; leaf blade interrupted imparipinnate with (2 or)3 or 4 pairs of leaflets, reduced to 3 leaflets on upper leaves; leaflets sessile or shortly petiolulate, obovate, obovate-elliptic, or obovate-lanceolate, 1.5–5 × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially appressed pilose on veins, or densely pubescent or tomentose-pubescent between veins, rarely glabrescent, markedly or sparsely glandular punctate, adaxially pilose, or hirsute or hirtellous on veins, rarely glabrescent, base cuneate to broadly so, margin acutely to obtusely serrate, apex rounded to acute, rarely acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, spicate-racemose, branched or not; rachis pilose. Flowers 6–9 mm in diam.; pedicel 1–5 mm, pilose; bract usually 3-parted with segments linear; bracteoles in 1 pair, ovate, margin entire or lobed. Sepals 5, triangular-ovate. Petals yellow, oblong. Stamens (5–)8–15. Style filiform; stigma capitate. Fruiting hypanthium obovoid-conic, 7–8 × 3–4 mm including prickles, abaxially 10-ribbed, pilose, with a multiseriate crown of prickles; prickles erect when young, connivent at maturity. Fl. and fr. May–Dec.
Thinned forests, forest margins, thickets, meadows, stream banks, roadsides; 100--3800 m. Throughout China [Bhutan, N India, Japan, N Laos, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Sikkim, N Thailand, N Vietnam; E Europe].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：仙鹤草、路边黄
异名（Synonym）：Agrimonia eupatoria var. japonica (Miq.) Masam. Agrimonia japonica (Miq.) Koidz. Agrimonia pilosa var. japonica (Miq.) Nakai Agrimonia obtusifolia A. I. Baranov et Skvortsov Agrimonia pilosa var. viscidula (Bunge) Kom. Agrimonia viscidula Bunge Agrimonia pilosa subsp. japonica (Miq.) H. Hara Agrimonia viscidula var. japonica Miq. Agrimonia viscidula f. borealis Kitag. Agrimonia conopsea Czern. ex C.A.Mey., nom. nud. Agrimonia convergens Czern. ex Juz. Agrimonia godetiana Andrz. Agrimonia gotectiana auct. Agrimonia eupatoria var. dahurica Fisch. ex Link Agrimonia eupatoria var. davurica Link Agrimonia eupatoria var. pilosa (Ledeb.) Klinge Agrimonia pilosa f. dahurica (Willd. ex Ser.) Nakai Agrimonia pilosa var. setulosa Regel Agrimonia striata subsp. pilosa (Ledeb.) Rumjantsev, comb. inval. Agrimonia pilosa f. davurica Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：蔷薇科（Rosaceae）龙芽草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。根多呈块茎状，周围长出若干侧根，根茎短，基部常有1至数个地下芽。茎高30-120厘米，被疏柔毛及短柔毛，稀下部被稀疏长硬毛。叶为间断奇数羽状复叶，通常有小叶3-4对，稀2对，向上减少至3小叶，叶柄被稀疏柔毛或短柔毛；小叶片无柄或有短柄，倒卵形，倒卵椭圆形或倒卵披针形，长1.5-5厘米，宽1-2.5厘米，顶端急尖至圆钝，稀渐尖，基部楔形至宽楔形，边缘有急尖到圆钝锯齿，上面被疏柔毛，稀脱落几无毛，下面通常脉上伏生疏柔毛，稀脱落几无毛，有显著腺点；托叶草质，绿色，镰形，稀卵形，顶端急尖或渐尖，边缘有尖锐锯齿或裂片，稀全缘，茎下部托叶有时卵状披针形，常全缘。花序穗状总状顶生，分枝或不分枝，花序轴被柔毛，花梗长1-5毫米，被柔毛；苞片通常深3裂，裂片带形，小苞片对生，卵形，全缘或边缘分裂；花直径6-9毫米；萼片5，三角卵形；花瓣黄色，长圆形；雄蕊5-8-15枚；花柱2，丝状，柱头头状。果实倒卵圆锥形，外面有10条肋，被疏柔毛，顶端有数层钩刺，幼时直立，成熟时靠合，连钩刺长7-8毫米，最宽处直径3-4毫米。花果期5-12月。
分布（Distribution）：我国南北各省区均产，常生于海拔100-3800米溪边、路旁、草地、灌丛、林缘及疏林下。欧洲中部以及俄罗斯、蒙古、朝鲜、日本和越南北部均有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 9 Page 382
Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour, Index Seminum Hort. Dorpat., Suppl. 1. 1823.
龙芽草 long ya cao| Rosaceae | Agrimonia
Herbs 30–120 cm tall. Rhizome short, usually tuberous, with many lateral roots and 1 to several underground buds. Stems sparsely pilose and pubescent, or densely rigidly hairy (rarely sparsely hirsute) in lower part. Stipules green, falcate, rarely ovate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin sharply serrate or lobed, rarely entire, apex acute or acuminate; petiole sparsely pilose or pubescent; leaf blade interrupted imparipinnate with (2 or)3 or 4 pairs of leaflets, reduced to 3 leaflets on upper leaves; leaflets sessile or shortly petiolulate, obovate, obovate-elliptic, or obovate-lanceolate, 1.5–5 × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially appressed pilose on veins, or densely pubescent or tomentose-pubescent between veins, rarely glabrescent, markedly or sparsely glandular punctate, adaxially pilose, or hirsute or hirtellous on veins, rarely glabrescent, base cuneate to broadly so, margin acutely to obtusely serrate, apex rounded to acute, rarely acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, spicate-racemose, branched or not; rachis pilose. Flowers 6–9 mm in diam.; pedicel 1–5 mm, pilose; bract usually 3-parted with segments linear; bracteoles in 1 pair, ovate, margin entire or lobed. Sepals 5, triangular-ovate. Petals yellow, oblong. Stamens (5–)8–15. Style filiform; stigma capitate. Fruiting hypanthium obovoid-conic, 7–8 × 3–4 mm including prickles, abaxially 10-ribbed, pilose, with a multiseriate crown of prickles; prickles erect when young, connivent at maturity. Fl. and fr. May–Dec.
Thinned forests, forest margins, thickets, meadows, stream banks, roadsides; 100--3800 m. Throughout China [Bhutan, N India, Japan, N Laos, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Sikkim, N Thailand, N Vietnam; E Europe].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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