刺果毛茛Ranunculus muricatus

中文名(Chinese Name):刺果毛茛
学名(Scientific Name):Ranunculus muricatus L.
英文名(English Common Name):spinyfruit buttercup
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Notophilus muricatus Fourr.  Ranunculus muricatus var. brasilianus DC.
科属(Family & Genus):毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)毛茛属
形态特征(Description):一年生草本。须根扭转伸长。茎高10-30厘米,自基部多分枝,倾斜上升,近无毛。基生叶和茎生叶均有长柄;叶片近圆形,长及宽为2-5厘米,顶端钝,基部截形或稍心形,3中裂至3深裂,裂片宽卵状楔形,边缘有缺刻状浅裂或粗齿,通常无毛;叶柄长2-6厘米,无毛或边缘疏生柔毛,基部有膜质宽鞘。上部叶较小,叶柄较短。花多,直径1-2厘米;花梗与叶对生,散生柔毛;萼片长椭圆形,长5-6毫米,带膜质,或有柔毛;花瓣5,狭倒卵形,长5-10毫米,顶端圆,基部狭窄成爪,蜜槽上有小鳞片;花药长圆形,长约2毫米;花托疏生柔毛。聚合果球形,直径达1.5厘米;瘦果扁平,椭圆形,长约5毫米,宽约3毫米,为厚的5倍以上,周围有宽约0.4毫米的棱翼,两面各生有一圈约10多枚刺,刺直伸或钩曲,有疣基,喙基部宽厚,顶端稍弯,长达2毫米。花果期4月至6月。
分布(Distribution):分布于江苏、浙江和广西,生于道旁田野的杂草丛中。分布于北美洲、大洋洲、欧洲及亚洲。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 6 Page 430     
Ranunculus muricatus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 555. 1753.
刺果毛茛 ci guo mao gen| Ranunculaceae  | Ranunculus
Herbs annual. Stems 5--28 cm, glabrous, branched. Basal leaves 6--9; petiole 3.4--12 cm, subglabrous; blade 3-lobed, broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, 1.6--5.5 × 1.8--4.2 cm, papery, glabrous, base subtruncate or truncate-cuneate; central lobe rhombic-obtrapeziform, 3-lobed or few dentate; lateral lobes obliquely ovate, unequally 2-lobed, incised-dentate. Lower stem leaves similar to basal leaves; upper ones shortly petiolate, broadly ovate. Flowers solitary, leaf-opposed, 1--1.6 cm in diam. Pedicel 1--3 cm, glabrous or pilose. Receptacle pilose. Sepals 5, narrowly ovate, 5--6 mm, abaxially sparsely pilose. Petals 5, narrowly obovate, 3--8 × 2.5--4 mm, nectary pit covered by a scale, apex rounded. Stamens numerous. Aggregate fruit subglobose, ca. 1.2 cm in diam. Achene complanate, elliptic or obovate, 4--5 × ca. 3 mm, glabrous, narrowly marginate, spiny, spines 0.5--1 mm; style persistent, ca. 2 mm. Fl. Mar--Apr.
Naturalized in grassy places, paddy fields, yards. Anhui, S Jiangsu, Zhejiang [native to W Asia and Europe].
 刺果毛茛Ranunculus muricatus

刺果毛茛Ranunculus muricatus

刺果毛茛Ranunculus muricatus
(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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