毛茛Ranunculus japonicus

中文名(Chinese Name):毛茛
学名(Scientific Name):Ranunculus japonicus Thunb.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):老虎脚迹、五虎草
异名(Synonym):Ranunculus japonicus var. latissimus Kitag.  Ranunculus labordei H. Lév. et Vaniot  Ranunculus japonicus f. latissimus (Kitag.) Kitag.  Ranunculus acris subsp. japonicus (Thunb.) Hultén
科属(Family & Genus):毛茛科Ranunculaceae毛茛属Ranunculus
形态特征(Description):多年生草本。须根多数簇生。茎直立,高30-70厘米,中空,有槽,具分枝,生开展或贴伏的柔毛。基生叶多数;叶片圆心形或五角形,长及宽为3-10厘米,基部心形或截形,通常3深裂不达基部,中裂片倒卵状楔形或宽卵圆形或菱形,3浅裂,边缘有粗齿或缺刻,侧裂片不等地2裂,两面贴生柔毛,下面或幼时的毛较密;叶柄长达15厘米,生开展柔毛。下部叶与基生叶相似,渐向上叶柄变短,叶片较小,3深裂,裂片披针形,有尖齿牙或再分裂;最上部叶线形,全缘,无柄。聚伞花序有多数花,疏散;花直径1.5-2.2厘米;花梗长达8厘米,贴生柔毛;萼片椭圆形,长4-6毫米,生白柔毛;花瓣5,倒卵状圆形,长6-11毫米,宽4-8毫米,基部有长约0.5毫米的爪,蜜槽鳞片长1-2毫米;花药长约1.5毫米;花托短小,无毛。聚合果近球形,直径6-8毫米;瘦果扁平,长2-2.5毫米,上部最宽处与长近相等,约为厚的5倍以上,边缘有宽约0.2毫米的棱,无毛,喙短直或外弯,长约0.5毫米。花果期4月至9月。
分布(Distribution):除西藏外,在我国各省区广布。生于田沟旁和林缘路边的湿草地上,海拔200-2500米。朝鲜、日本、苏联远东地区也有。
用途(Use):全草含原白头翁素,有毒,为发泡剂和杀菌剂,捣碎外敷,可截疟、消肿及治疮癣。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 6 Page 423     
Ranunculus japonicus Thunberg, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2: 337. 1794.
毛茛 mao gen | Ranunculaceae  | Ranunculus
Herbs perennial. Rhizomes short. Stems 12--65 cm, hispid or strigose toward base, rarely subglabrous or glabrous, strigose above, branched. Basal leaves 3--6; petiole 3--22(--25) cm, hispid or strigose; blade 3-partite, rarely 3-sect or ternate, cordate-pentagonal, 1.2--6.5(--10) × 2--10(--16) cm, papery, strigose, base cordate, central segment cuneate-rhombic to broadly rhombic, 3-lobed, margin unequally dentate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-cleft. Stem leaves smaller, short petiolate or sessile. Compound monochasium terminal, (1--)3--15-flowered. Flowers 1.4--2.4 cm in diam. Pedicel 0.8--10 cm. Receptacle glabrous. Sepals 5, ovate, ca. 5 mm, abaxially strigose. Petals 5, obovate, 7--12 × 6.5--8.5 mm, nectary pit covered by a scale, apex rounded or emarginate. Stamens numerous; anthers oblong. Aggregate fruit subglobose, 4--6 mm in diam. Achene obliquely broadly obovate, 1.8--2.8 × 1.5--2 mm, glabrous, narrowly marginate; style persistent, triangular, 0.2--0.4 mm.
100--3500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].
Most Chinese material determined as Ranunculus acris Linnaeus belongs here.
 毛茛Ranunculus japonicus

毛茛Ranunculus japonicus
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