秃疮花Dicranostigma leptopodum
中文名（Chinese Name）：秃疮花
学名（Scientific Name）：Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：秃子花、勒马回
异名（Synonym）：Chelidonium franchetianum Prain Dicranostigma franchetianum (Prain) Fedde Chelidonium leptopodum Prain Glaucium leptopodum Maxim.
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）秃疮花属
形态特征（Description）：通常为多年生草本，高25-80厘米，全体含淡黄色液汁，被短柔毛，稀无毛。主根圆柱形。茎多，绿色，具粉，上部具多数等高的分枝。基生叶丛生，叶片狭倒披针形，长10-15厘米，宽2-4厘米，羽状深裂，裂片4-6对，再次羽状深裂或浅裂，小裂片先端渐尖，顶端小裂片3浅裂，表面绿色，背面灰绿色，疏被白色短柔毛；叶柄条形，长2-5厘米，疏被白色短柔毛，具数条纵纹；茎生叶少数，生于茎上部，长1-7厘米，羽状深裂、浅裂或二回羽状深裂，裂片具疏齿，先端三角状渐尖；无柄。花1-5朵于茎和分枝先端排列成聚伞花序；花梗长2-2.5厘米，无毛；具苞片。花芽宽卵形，长约1厘米；萼片卵形．长0.6-1厘米，先端渐尖成距，距末明显扩大成匙形，无毛或被短柔毛；花瓣倒卵形至回形，长1-1.6厘米，宽1-1.3厘米，黄色；雄蕊多数, 花丝丝状，长3-4毫米，花药长圆形，长1.5-2毫米，黄色；子房狭圆柱形，长约6毫米．绿色，密被疣状短毛，花柱短，柱头2裂，直立。蒴果线形，长4-7.5厘米，粗约2毫米，绿色，无毛，2瓣自顶端开裂至近基部。种子卵珠形，长约0.5毫米，红棕色，具网纹。花期3-5月，果期6-7月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南、四川、西藏、青海、甘肃、陕西、山西、河北，生于海拔400-3700米的草坡或路旁。
用途（Use）：根及全草药用，有清热解毒、消肿镇痛、杀虫等功效，治风火牙痛、咽喉痛、扁桃体炎、淋巴结核、秃疮、疮疖疥癣、痈疽。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 281, 282
Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maximowicz) Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): 45. 1905.
秃疮花 tu chuang hua| Papaveraceae | Dicranostigma
Glaucium leptopodum Maximowicz, Mélanges Biol. Bull. P hys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: 714. 1876; Chelidonium franchetianum Prain; C. leptopodum (Maximowicz) Prain; Dicranostigma franchetianum (Prain) Fedde.
Herbs, biennial to short-lived perennial, 25-80(-100) cm tall, throughout yellow lactiferous, shortly pubescent, rarely glabrous. Taproot terete. Stems many, green, glaucous, apex with many equal branches. Basal leaves in a rosette; petiole strip-form, 2-5 cm, sparsely shortly white pubescent, several striate; blade pale green abaxially, green adaxially, narrowly oblanceolate, 10-15 × 2-4 cm, sparsely shortly white pubescent, pinnatipartite; lobes 4-6 pairs, pinnatipartite or pinnatilobate again; lobules apically acuminate, apical lobules 3-lobed. Cauline leaves few at stem apices, sessile, 1-7 cm, pinnatipartite, pinnatilobate, or bipinnatipartite; lobes sparsely serrate, apex deltoid-acuminate. Flowers in cymes of 2-5, sometimes solitary. Pedicel 2-2.5 cm, glabrous, bracteate. Flower buds broadly ovoid, ca. 1 cm. Sepals ovate, 0.6-1 cm, apically acuminate to shortly horned, spur end obviously ampliate spatulate, glabrous or shortly pubescent. Petals slightly overlapping, yellow, obovate to orbicular, 10-20 × 10-13 mm, undulate. Stamens many; filaments 3-4 mm; anthers yellow, oblong, 1.5-2 mm. Ovary green, narrowly terete, ca. 6 mm, densely verrucose-pubescent; styles erect, short; stigmas 2-divided. Capsule green, linear, 4-7.5 cm × ca. 2 mm, glabrous, 2-valvate from apex almost to base. Seeds rufous, ovoid, ca. 0.5 mm, tessellate. Fl. Mar-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 12*.
● Grassy slopes and roadsides, field ridges, corners of walls, housetops, rocky embankments; 400-2900(-3700) m. S to SE Gansu, SW Hebei, NW Henan, E Qinghai, Shaanxi (N Qin Ling), S Shanxi, NW and W Sichuan, N Xizang, NW Yunnan.
One of us (Grey-Wilson) notes that typical Dicranostigma leptopodum is a rather small plant (25-50 cm tall) with petals rarely more than 14 mm. The status of D. franchetianum is unclear and requires further investigation; plants are generally more robust than D. leptopodum (to 1 m) and bear larger flowers, with petals 15-20 mm. However, the two taxa appear to be linked by intermediates. In cultivation, D. franchetianum behaves as an annual.
The status of Dicranostigma henanense S. Y. Wang & L. H. Wu (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 17: 43. 1997, "henanensis"), described from Henan, is uncertain and requires further investigation. It will probably prove to be a form of the very variable D. leptopodum.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：秃子花、勒马回
异名（Synonym）：Chelidonium franchetianum Prain Dicranostigma franchetianum (Prain) Fedde Chelidonium leptopodum Prain Glaucium leptopodum Maxim.
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）秃疮花属
形态特征（Description）：通常为多年生草本，高25-80厘米，全体含淡黄色液汁，被短柔毛，稀无毛。主根圆柱形。茎多，绿色，具粉，上部具多数等高的分枝。基生叶丛生，叶片狭倒披针形，长10-15厘米，宽2-4厘米，羽状深裂，裂片4-6对，再次羽状深裂或浅裂，小裂片先端渐尖，顶端小裂片3浅裂，表面绿色，背面灰绿色，疏被白色短柔毛；叶柄条形，长2-5厘米，疏被白色短柔毛，具数条纵纹；茎生叶少数，生于茎上部，长1-7厘米，羽状深裂、浅裂或二回羽状深裂，裂片具疏齿，先端三角状渐尖；无柄。花1-5朵于茎和分枝先端排列成聚伞花序；花梗长2-2.5厘米，无毛；具苞片。花芽宽卵形，长约1厘米；萼片卵形．长0.6-1厘米，先端渐尖成距，距末明显扩大成匙形，无毛或被短柔毛；花瓣倒卵形至回形，长1-1.6厘米，宽1-1.3厘米，黄色；雄蕊多数, 花丝丝状，长3-4毫米，花药长圆形，长1.5-2毫米，黄色；子房狭圆柱形，长约6毫米．绿色，密被疣状短毛，花柱短，柱头2裂，直立。蒴果线形，长4-7.5厘米，粗约2毫米，绿色，无毛，2瓣自顶端开裂至近基部。种子卵珠形，长约0.5毫米，红棕色，具网纹。花期3-5月，果期6-7月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南、四川、西藏、青海、甘肃、陕西、山西、河北，生于海拔400-3700米的草坡或路旁。
用途（Use）：根及全草药用，有清热解毒、消肿镇痛、杀虫等功效，治风火牙痛、咽喉痛、扁桃体炎、淋巴结核、秃疮、疮疖疥癣、痈疽。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 281, 282
Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maximowicz) Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(Beibl. 82): 45. 1905.
秃疮花 tu chuang hua| Papaveraceae | Dicranostigma
Glaucium leptopodum Maximowicz, Mélanges Biol. Bull. P hys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 9: 714. 1876; Chelidonium franchetianum Prain; C. leptopodum (Maximowicz) Prain; Dicranostigma franchetianum (Prain) Fedde.
Herbs, biennial to short-lived perennial, 25-80(-100) cm tall, throughout yellow lactiferous, shortly pubescent, rarely glabrous. Taproot terete. Stems many, green, glaucous, apex with many equal branches. Basal leaves in a rosette; petiole strip-form, 2-5 cm, sparsely shortly white pubescent, several striate; blade pale green abaxially, green adaxially, narrowly oblanceolate, 10-15 × 2-4 cm, sparsely shortly white pubescent, pinnatipartite; lobes 4-6 pairs, pinnatipartite or pinnatilobate again; lobules apically acuminate, apical lobules 3-lobed. Cauline leaves few at stem apices, sessile, 1-7 cm, pinnatipartite, pinnatilobate, or bipinnatipartite; lobes sparsely serrate, apex deltoid-acuminate. Flowers in cymes of 2-5, sometimes solitary. Pedicel 2-2.5 cm, glabrous, bracteate. Flower buds broadly ovoid, ca. 1 cm. Sepals ovate, 0.6-1 cm, apically acuminate to shortly horned, spur end obviously ampliate spatulate, glabrous or shortly pubescent. Petals slightly overlapping, yellow, obovate to orbicular, 10-20 × 10-13 mm, undulate. Stamens many; filaments 3-4 mm; anthers yellow, oblong, 1.5-2 mm. Ovary green, narrowly terete, ca. 6 mm, densely verrucose-pubescent; styles erect, short; stigmas 2-divided. Capsule green, linear, 4-7.5 cm × ca. 2 mm, glabrous, 2-valvate from apex almost to base. Seeds rufous, ovoid, ca. 0.5 mm, tessellate. Fl. Mar-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 12*.
● Grassy slopes and roadsides, field ridges, corners of walls, housetops, rocky embankments; 400-2900(-3700) m. S to SE Gansu, SW Hebei, NW Henan, E Qinghai, Shaanxi (N Qin Ling), S Shanxi, NW and W Sichuan, N Xizang, NW Yunnan.
One of us (Grey-Wilson) notes that typical Dicranostigma leptopodum is a rather small plant (25-50 cm tall) with petals rarely more than 14 mm. The status of D. franchetianum is unclear and requires further investigation; plants are generally more robust than D. leptopodum (to 1 m) and bear larger flowers, with petals 15-20 mm. However, the two taxa appear to be linked by intermediates. In cultivation, D. franchetianum behaves as an annual.
The status of Dicranostigma henanense S. Y. Wang & L. H. Wu (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 17: 43. 1997, "henanensis"), described from Henan, is uncertain and requires further investigation. It will probably prove to be a form of the very variable D. leptopodum.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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