白背黄花稔Sida rhombifolia
中文名（Chinese Name）：白背黄花稔
学名（Scientific Name）：Sida rhombifolia L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Malva rhombifolia (Linn.) E. H. L. Krause Sida insularis Hatus. Sida rhombifolia subsp. insularis (Hatus.) Hatus. Sida rhombifolia var. rhomboidea Roxb. ex Fleming Sida rhomboidea Roxb. ex Fleming Diadesma rhombifolia (L.) Raf. Napaea rhombifolia (L.) Moench Sida adjusta Marais Sida adusta Marais Sida compressa Wall. Sida hondensis Kunth Sida unicornis Marais Sida pringlei Gand. Sida rhombifolia var. canariensis Griseb. Sida rhombifolia var. canescens DeCandolle Sida rhombifolia var. guazumifolia K. Schum. Sida ruderata Macfad.
科属（Family & Genus）：锦葵科（Malvaceae）黄花棯属
形态特征（Description）：直立亚灌木，高约1米，分枝多，枝被星状绵毛。叶菱形或长圆状披针形，长25-45毫米，宽6-20毫米，先端浑圆至短尖，基部宽楔形，边缘具锯齿，上面疏被星状柔毛至近无毛，下面被灰白色星状柔毛；叶柄长3-5毫米，被星状柔毛；托叶纤细，刺毛状，与叶栖近等长。花单生于叶腋，花梗长1-2厘米，密被星状柔毛，中部以上有节；萼杯形，长4-5毫米，被星状短绵毛，裂片5，三角形；花黄色，直径约1厘米，花瓣倒卵形，长约8毫米，先端圆，基部狭；雄蕊柱无毛，疏被腺状乳突，长约5毫米，花柱分枝8-10。果半球形，直径6-7毫米，分果爿8-10，被星状柔毛，顶端具2短芒。花期秋冬季。
分布（Distribution）：
用途（Use）：全草入药用，有消炎解毒、祛风除湿、止痛之功。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 270, 271, 272, 273
Sida rhombifolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 684. 1753.
白背黄花稔 bai bei huang hua ren| Malvaceae | Sida
Malva rhombifolia (Linnaeus) E. H. L. Krause; Sida alba Cavanilles (1785), not Linnaeus (1763); S. insularis Hatusima; S. rhombifolia subsp. insularis (Hatusima) Hatusima; S. rhombifolia var. rhomboidea (Roxburgh ex Fleming) Masters; S. rhomboidea Roxburgh ex Fleming.
Subshrubs erect or prostrate, many branched, to ca. 1 m tall. Branchlets stellate. Stipules spinelike, 3-5 mm; petiole 2-5(-8) mm, stellate puberulent; leaf blade rhombic to oblong-lanceolate or obovate, rarely linear-lanceolate, 1-4.5 × 0.6-2 cm, abaxially gray-white stellate pilose, adaxially sparsely stellate pilose to subglabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin dentate, apex obtuse to acute. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel 1-2.5 cm, densely stellate tomentose, articulate above middle. Calyx cup-shaped, 4-5 mm, abaxially stellate pubescent, lobes triangular, apices acute. Corolla ca. 1 cm in diam.; petals yellow, obovate, ca. 8 mm, base attenuate, apex rounded. Filament tube 4-5 mm, glabrous. Style branches 8-10. Fruit semiglobose to broadly turbinate, 6-7 mm in diam.; mericarps 7-10, 2.5-3 mm excluding awn, shallowly grooved to near base, eventually dehiscent, side walls usually thin, not veined, stellate puberulent, apex usually (1 or)2-awned, awns to 1.5 mm. Seeds reniform, ca. 2 mm, blackish. Fl. autumn-winter.
Scrub, open slopes, streamsides. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam; pantropical].
The entire plant is used medicinally.
Sida rhombifolia is the type species of the genus Sida. The taxonomy of this species/species complex is controversial and is discussed by Verdcourt (Kew Bull. 59: 233-239. 2005). The lectotype of S. rhombifolia almost certainly came from Jamaica, not India as suggested by some authors, and is a match with neither African nor Asian material. Verdcourt recognized six varieties for East African material, differing most obviously in mericarp morphology: most notably the degree of dehiscence, which varies from completely indehiscent to dehiscing by an apical slit to breaking into two valves, the degree of sculpturing, and the presence or not of awns. Chinese material appears to have a comparable range of variation, though many collections lack fully mature mericarps, and more detailed studies could lead to the recognition of more, comparable taxa.
Hu (Fl. China, Malvaceae [Fam. 153], 20-21. 1955) recognized two varieties, var. rhombifolia and var. corynocarpa (Wallich ex Masters) S. Y. Hu (Fl. China, Malvaceae [Fam. 153], 20. 1955), differing only in minor quantitative characters. The validity of var. corynocarpa is open to question, as Masters (Fl. Brit. India 1: 324. 1874) only mentioned the supposed basionym "Sida corynocarpa" in a note under S. rhombifolia var. retusa and therefore cannot be said to have accepted it as a species. Plants with prostrate stems from Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), and the Philippines have been placed in S. rhombifolia subsp. insularis. Their status needs more detailed investigation. Borssum Waalkes included S. alnifolia Linnaeus within S. rhombifolia as var. retusa.
Hu 12784, from Hong Kong, has 10 indehiscent mericarps per flower, each with a single awn, suggesting a relationship to Sida rhombifolia var. maderensis (Lowe) Lowe (S. maderensis Lowe; S. unicornis Marais). That taxon has rather more strongly sculptured mericarps than Hu 12784, which might represent a distinct taxon.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Sida rhombifolia L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Malva rhombifolia (Linn.) E. H. L. Krause Sida insularis Hatus. Sida rhombifolia subsp. insularis (Hatus.) Hatus. Sida rhombifolia var. rhomboidea Roxb. ex Fleming Sida rhomboidea Roxb. ex Fleming Diadesma rhombifolia (L.) Raf. Napaea rhombifolia (L.) Moench Sida adjusta Marais Sida adusta Marais Sida compressa Wall. Sida hondensis Kunth Sida unicornis Marais Sida pringlei Gand. Sida rhombifolia var. canariensis Griseb. Sida rhombifolia var. canescens DeCandolle Sida rhombifolia var. guazumifolia K. Schum. Sida ruderata Macfad.
科属（Family & Genus）：锦葵科（Malvaceae）黄花棯属
形态特征（Description）：直立亚灌木，高约1米，分枝多，枝被星状绵毛。叶菱形或长圆状披针形，长25-45毫米，宽6-20毫米，先端浑圆至短尖，基部宽楔形，边缘具锯齿，上面疏被星状柔毛至近无毛，下面被灰白色星状柔毛；叶柄长3-5毫米，被星状柔毛；托叶纤细，刺毛状，与叶栖近等长。花单生于叶腋，花梗长1-2厘米，密被星状柔毛，中部以上有节；萼杯形，长4-5毫米，被星状短绵毛，裂片5，三角形；花黄色，直径约1厘米，花瓣倒卵形，长约8毫米，先端圆，基部狭；雄蕊柱无毛，疏被腺状乳突，长约5毫米，花柱分枝8-10。果半球形，直径6-7毫米，分果爿8-10，被星状柔毛，顶端具2短芒。花期秋冬季。
分布（Distribution）：
用途（Use）：全草入药用，有消炎解毒、祛风除湿、止痛之功。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 270, 271, 272, 273
Sida rhombifolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 684. 1753.
白背黄花稔 bai bei huang hua ren| Malvaceae | Sida
Malva rhombifolia (Linnaeus) E. H. L. Krause; Sida alba Cavanilles (1785), not Linnaeus (1763); S. insularis Hatusima; S. rhombifolia subsp. insularis (Hatusima) Hatusima; S. rhombifolia var. rhomboidea (Roxburgh ex Fleming) Masters; S. rhomboidea Roxburgh ex Fleming.
Subshrubs erect or prostrate, many branched, to ca. 1 m tall. Branchlets stellate. Stipules spinelike, 3-5 mm; petiole 2-5(-8) mm, stellate puberulent; leaf blade rhombic to oblong-lanceolate or obovate, rarely linear-lanceolate, 1-4.5 × 0.6-2 cm, abaxially gray-white stellate pilose, adaxially sparsely stellate pilose to subglabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin dentate, apex obtuse to acute. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel 1-2.5 cm, densely stellate tomentose, articulate above middle. Calyx cup-shaped, 4-5 mm, abaxially stellate pubescent, lobes triangular, apices acute. Corolla ca. 1 cm in diam.; petals yellow, obovate, ca. 8 mm, base attenuate, apex rounded. Filament tube 4-5 mm, glabrous. Style branches 8-10. Fruit semiglobose to broadly turbinate, 6-7 mm in diam.; mericarps 7-10, 2.5-3 mm excluding awn, shallowly grooved to near base, eventually dehiscent, side walls usually thin, not veined, stellate puberulent, apex usually (1 or)2-awned, awns to 1.5 mm. Seeds reniform, ca. 2 mm, blackish. Fl. autumn-winter.
Scrub, open slopes, streamsides. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam; pantropical].
The entire plant is used medicinally.
Sida rhombifolia is the type species of the genus Sida. The taxonomy of this species/species complex is controversial and is discussed by Verdcourt (Kew Bull. 59: 233-239. 2005). The lectotype of S. rhombifolia almost certainly came from Jamaica, not India as suggested by some authors, and is a match with neither African nor Asian material. Verdcourt recognized six varieties for East African material, differing most obviously in mericarp morphology: most notably the degree of dehiscence, which varies from completely indehiscent to dehiscing by an apical slit to breaking into two valves, the degree of sculpturing, and the presence or not of awns. Chinese material appears to have a comparable range of variation, though many collections lack fully mature mericarps, and more detailed studies could lead to the recognition of more, comparable taxa.
Hu (Fl. China, Malvaceae [Fam. 153], 20-21. 1955) recognized two varieties, var. rhombifolia and var. corynocarpa (Wallich ex Masters) S. Y. Hu (Fl. China, Malvaceae [Fam. 153], 20. 1955), differing only in minor quantitative characters. The validity of var. corynocarpa is open to question, as Masters (Fl. Brit. India 1: 324. 1874) only mentioned the supposed basionym "Sida corynocarpa" in a note under S. rhombifolia var. retusa and therefore cannot be said to have accepted it as a species. Plants with prostrate stems from Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), and the Philippines have been placed in S. rhombifolia subsp. insularis. Their status needs more detailed investigation. Borssum Waalkes included S. alnifolia Linnaeus within S. rhombifolia as var. retusa.
Hu 12784, from Hong Kong, has 10 indehiscent mericarps per flower, each with a single awn, suggesting a relationship to Sida rhombifolia var. maderensis (Lowe) Lowe (S. maderensis Lowe; S. unicornis Marais). That taxon has rather more strongly sculptured mericarps than Hu 12784, which might represent a distinct taxon.
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