钩吻Gelsemium elegans

中文名(Chinese Name):钩吻
学名(Scientific Name):Gelsemium elegans (Gardn. et Champ.) Benth.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):断肠草、大茶药
异名(Synonym):Medicia elegans Gardner et Champ.  Gelsemium sumatranum (Blume) Boerl.  Leptopteris sumatrana Blume
科属(Family & Genus):马钱科(Loganiaceae)钩吻属
形态特征(Description):常绿木质藤本,长3-12米。小枝圆柱形,幼时具纵棱;除苞片边缘和花梗幼时被毛外,全株均无毛。叶片膜质,卵形、卵状长圆形或卵状披针形,长5-12厘米,宽2-6厘米,顶端渐尖,基部阔楔形至近圆形;侧脉每边5-7条,上面扁平,下面凸起;叶柄长6-12毫米。花密集,组成顶生和腋生的三歧聚伞花序,每分枝基部有苞片2枚;苞片三角形,长2-4毫米;小苞片三角形,生于花梗的基部和中部;花梗纤细,长3-8毫米;花萼裂片卵状披针形,长3-4毫米;花冠黄色,漏斗状,长12-19毫米,内面有淡红色斑点,花冠管长7-10毫米,花冠裂片卵形,长5-9毫米;雄蕊着生于花冠管中部,花丝细长,长3.5-4毫米,花药卵状长圆形,长1.5-2毫米,伸出花冠管喉部之外;子房卵状长圆形,长2-2.5毫米,花柱长8-12毫米,柱头上部2裂,裂片顶端再2裂。蒴果卵形或椭圆形,长10-15毫米,直径6-10毫米,未开裂时明显地具有2条纵槽,成熟时通常黑色,干后室间开裂为2个2裂果瓣,基部有宿存的花萼,果皮薄革质,内有种子20-40颗;种子扁压状椭圆形或肾形,边缘具有不规则齿裂状膜质翅。花期5-11月,果期7月至翌年3月。
分布(Distribution):产江西、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南等省区。生海拔500-2000米山地路旁灌木丛中或疏林下。印度至印度尼西亚等也有。
用途(Use):全株有大毒,根、茎、枝、叶含有钩吻碱甲、乙、丙、丁、寅、卯、戊、辰等8种生物碱。供药用,有消肿止痛、拔毒杀虫之效;华南地区常用作中兽医草药,对猪、牛、羊有驱虫功效;亦可作农药,防治水稻螟虫。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 15 Page 329
Gelsemium elegans (Gardner & Champion) Bentham, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 1: 90. 1857.
钩吻 gou wen| Loganiaceae  | Gelsemium
Medicia elegans Gardner & Champion in Hooker, J. Bot. Kew Misc. 1: 325. 1849.
Climbers, twining, to 12 m. Petiole 6--12 mm; leaf blade ovate, narrowly ovate, or very narrowly ovate, 5--12 X 2--6 cm, membranous to papery, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, apex acuminate, lateral veins 5--7 pairs. Thyrses with main nodes each having 2 lateral cymes and a continuing main axis; bracts acutely triangular to awl-shaped, to 4 mm, ciliate. Pedicel 3--8 mm. Corolla yellow to orange, 1.2--1.9 cm; tube 7--10 mm, outside brownish, mouth with reddish spots; lobes ovate, 5--9 mm, apex blunt to acute. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube; filaments 3.5--4 mm; anthers narrowly ovate, 1.5--2 mm, exserted. Ovary narrowly ovoid, 2--2.5 mm. Style 0.8--1.2 cm; stigma pubescent. Capsules ellipsoid to ovoid, 10--14 X 6--8 mm, smooth, glabrous. Seeds elliptic to reniform, ca. 5.5 mm in diam., central part hairy, winged all around. Fl. May-Nov.
Scrubby forests, thickets; 200--2000 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, N Myanmar, N Thailand, Vietnam]
Poisonous.
钩吻Gelsemium elegans

钩吻Gelsemium elegans

钩吻Gelsemium elegans

钩吻Gelsemium elegans
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