董棕 Caryota obtusa
中文名(Chinese Name):董棕
学名(Scientific Name):Caryota obtusa Griff.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):钝齿鱼尾葵
异名(Synonym):Caryota urens Linn. Caryota obtusidentata Griff. Caryota gigas Hahn ex Hodel Caryota rumphiana var. indica Becc.
科属(Family & Genus):棕榈科(Palmae)鱼尾葵属
形态特征(Description):乔木状,高5-25米,直径25-45厘米,茎黑褐色,膨大或不膨大成花瓶状,表面不被白色的毡状绒毛,具明显的环状叶痕。叶长5-7米,宽3-5米,弓状下弯;羽片宽楔形或狭的斜楔形,长15-29厘米,宽5-20厘米,幼叶近革质,老叶厚革质,最下部的羽片紧贴于分枝叶轴的基部,边缘具规则的齿缺,基部以上的羽片渐成狭楔形,外缘笔直,内缘斜伸或弧曲成不规则的齿缺,且延伸成尾状渐尖,最顶端的1羽片为宽楔形,先端2-3裂;叶柄长1.3-2米,背面凸圆,上面凹,基部直径约5厘米,被脱落性的棕黑色的毡状绒毛;叶鞘边缘具网状的棕黑色纤维。佛焰苞长30-45厘米;花序长1.5-2.5米,具多数、密集的穗状分枝花序,长1-1.8米;花序梗圆柱形,粗壮,直径5-75厘米,密被覆瓦状排列的苞片,雄花花萼与花瓣被脱落性的黑褐色毡状绒毛,萼片近圆形,盖萼片大于被盖的侧萼片,表面不具疣状凸起,边缘具半圆齿,雄蕊(30-)80-100枚,花丝短,近白色,花药线形;雌花与雄花相似,但花萼稍宽,花瓣较短,退化雄蕊3枚,子房倒卵状三棱形,柱头无柄,2裂。果实球形至扁球形,直径1.5-2.4厘米,成熟时红色。种子1-2颗,近球形或半球形,胚乳嚼烂状。花期6-10月,果期5-10月。
分布(Distribution):产广西、云南等省区,生于海拔370-2450米的石灰岩山地区或沟谷林中。印度、斯里兰卡、缅甸至中南半岛也有。
用途(Use):木质坚硬,可作水槽与水车;髓心含淀粉,可代西谷米;叶鞘纤维坚韧可制棕绳;幼树茎尖可作蔬菜;树形美丽,可作绿化观赏树种。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 23 Page 150, 151
Caryota obtusa Griffith, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 480. 1845.
董棕 dong zong| Arecaceae | Caryota
Caryota gigas Hahn; C. obtusidentata Griffith; C. rumphiana Martius var. indica Beccari.
Stems solitary, to 40 m tall, 50-90 cm in diam., often swollen. Leaves borne in a compact crown at top of stem; petioles 1-2 m; rachis 4-5.5 m; primary pinnae 19-22 per side of rachis; secondary pinnae 20-27 per side of secondary rachis, with scarcely jagged margins and blunt apices. Inflorescences borne among leaves, to 6 m; rachillae to 200, 2-2.9 m; male flowers to 15 mm; sepals 5-7 mm; petals yellowish, ca. 14 mm; stamens ca. 80; female flowers to 10 mm; sepals ca. 5 mm; petals ca. 8 mm. Fruits reddish, globose, to 3.5 cm in diam., often 2-seeded.
Scattered localities in montane rain forests, usually on limestone soils; 1400-1800 m. Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Material of this species was previously misidentified as Caryota urens Linnaeus (FRPS 13(1): 116. 1991).
The palm heart is rich with starch and eaten locally.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
学名(Scientific Name):Caryota obtusa Griff.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):钝齿鱼尾葵
异名(Synonym):Caryota urens Linn. Caryota obtusidentata Griff. Caryota gigas Hahn ex Hodel Caryota rumphiana var. indica Becc.
科属(Family & Genus):棕榈科(Palmae)鱼尾葵属
形态特征(Description):乔木状,高5-25米,直径25-45厘米,茎黑褐色,膨大或不膨大成花瓶状,表面不被白色的毡状绒毛,具明显的环状叶痕。叶长5-7米,宽3-5米,弓状下弯;羽片宽楔形或狭的斜楔形,长15-29厘米,宽5-20厘米,幼叶近革质,老叶厚革质,最下部的羽片紧贴于分枝叶轴的基部,边缘具规则的齿缺,基部以上的羽片渐成狭楔形,外缘笔直,内缘斜伸或弧曲成不规则的齿缺,且延伸成尾状渐尖,最顶端的1羽片为宽楔形,先端2-3裂;叶柄长1.3-2米,背面凸圆,上面凹,基部直径约5厘米,被脱落性的棕黑色的毡状绒毛;叶鞘边缘具网状的棕黑色纤维。佛焰苞长30-45厘米;花序长1.5-2.5米,具多数、密集的穗状分枝花序,长1-1.8米;花序梗圆柱形,粗壮,直径5-75厘米,密被覆瓦状排列的苞片,雄花花萼与花瓣被脱落性的黑褐色毡状绒毛,萼片近圆形,盖萼片大于被盖的侧萼片,表面不具疣状凸起,边缘具半圆齿,雄蕊(30-)80-100枚,花丝短,近白色,花药线形;雌花与雄花相似,但花萼稍宽,花瓣较短,退化雄蕊3枚,子房倒卵状三棱形,柱头无柄,2裂。果实球形至扁球形,直径1.5-2.4厘米,成熟时红色。种子1-2颗,近球形或半球形,胚乳嚼烂状。花期6-10月,果期5-10月。
分布(Distribution):产广西、云南等省区,生于海拔370-2450米的石灰岩山地区或沟谷林中。印度、斯里兰卡、缅甸至中南半岛也有。
用途(Use):木质坚硬,可作水槽与水车;髓心含淀粉,可代西谷米;叶鞘纤维坚韧可制棕绳;幼树茎尖可作蔬菜;树形美丽,可作绿化观赏树种。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 23 Page 150, 151
Caryota obtusa Griffith, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 480. 1845.
董棕 dong zong| Arecaceae | Caryota
Caryota gigas Hahn; C. obtusidentata Griffith; C. rumphiana Martius var. indica Beccari.
Stems solitary, to 40 m tall, 50-90 cm in diam., often swollen. Leaves borne in a compact crown at top of stem; petioles 1-2 m; rachis 4-5.5 m; primary pinnae 19-22 per side of rachis; secondary pinnae 20-27 per side of secondary rachis, with scarcely jagged margins and blunt apices. Inflorescences borne among leaves, to 6 m; rachillae to 200, 2-2.9 m; male flowers to 15 mm; sepals 5-7 mm; petals yellowish, ca. 14 mm; stamens ca. 80; female flowers to 10 mm; sepals ca. 5 mm; petals ca. 8 mm. Fruits reddish, globose, to 3.5 cm in diam., often 2-seeded.
Scattered localities in montane rain forests, usually on limestone soils; 1400-1800 m. Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Material of this species was previously misidentified as Caryota urens Linnaeus (FRPS 13(1): 116. 1991).
The palm heart is rich with starch and eaten locally.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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