毛竹 Phyllostachys edulis
中文名（Chinese Name）：毛竹
学名（Scientific Name）：Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz
英文名（English Common Name）：tortoise shell bamboo
别名（Chinese Common Name）：江南竹、南竹
异名（Synonym）：Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carr.) Mitford Phyllostachys heterocycla 'Pubescens' Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex J. Houz. Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens (Mazel) Ohwi Phyllostachys pubescens f. purpurescens W.Y.Hsiung, Q.H.Dai & J.K.Liu Phyllostachys edulis f. holochrysa (T.H.Wen) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. rigida (W.Y.Hsiung, Q.H.Dai & J.K.Liu) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys pubescens taokiang W.C.Lin Phyllostachys heterocycla f. obtusangula (S.Y.Wang) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. obtusangula (S.Y.Wang) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. lutea (T.H.Wen) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys pubescens f. rigida W.Y.Hsiung, Q.H.Dai & J.K.Liu Phyllostachys edulis f. ventricosa (Z.P.Wang & N.X.Ma) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys pubescens f. grammica W.Y.Hsiung Phyllostachys edulis f. gimmei (Muroi & Kasahara) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. aureovariegata (Uchida) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. albovariegata Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. tubaeformis (S.Y.Wang) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys heterocycla f. tubaeformis (S.Y.Wang) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys heterocycla f. quadrangulata (S.Y.Wang) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys bicolor Crouzet Phyllostachys heterocycla f. gracilis Ohrnb. Phyllostachys pubescens var. heterocycla (Carrière) J.Houz. Phyllostachys edulis f. purpurescens (W.Y.Hsiung, Q.H.Dai & J.K.Liu) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys heterocycla f. aureovariegata (Uchida) Muroi Phyllostachys heterocycla f. viridosulcata (T.H.Wen) T.H.Wen Phyllostachys pubescens f. bicolor (Nakai) T.H.Wen Phyllostachys edulis f. subconvexa I.Tsuboi Phyllostachys pubescens var. nabeshimana (Muroi) Sad.Suzuki Phyllostachys edulis f. venusta G.H.Lai Phyllostachys mitis var. heterocycla (Carrière) Makino Phyllostachys edulis f. bicolor (Nakai) M.J.Lai & D.Y.Hong Phyllostachys edulis f. epruinosa G.H.Lai Phyllostachys pubescens f. holochrysa T.H.Wen Phyllostachys pubescens f. nabeshimana (Muroi) T.H.Wen Phyllostachys heterocycla f. taokiang (W.C.Lin) T.P.Yi Sinarundinaria pubescens f. nabeshimana Muroi Phyllostachys heterocycla f. bicolor (Nakai) Muroi & Kasahara Phyllostachys heterocycla f. holochrysa Muroi & Kasahara Phyllostachys heterocycla f. oboro Muroi & Yu.Tanaka Phyllostachys heterocycla f. subconvexa (I.Tsuboi) Muroi & H.Okamura Sinarundinaria pubescens var. bicolor Nakai Phyllostachys edulis f. heterocycla (Carrière) V.N.Vassil. Phyllostachys macroculmis var. edulis V.N.Vassil. Bambos moosoo Siebold Phyllostachys pubescens var. biconvexa Nakai Phyllostachys edulis f. gracilis C.S.Chao & Renvoize Phyllostachys edulis f. nabeshimana (Muroi) C.S.Chao & Renvoize Phyllostachys heterocycla f. pubescens (Houz.) D.C.McClint. Phyllostachys edulis f. viridisulcata (T.H.Wen) C.S.Chao & Renvoize Phyllostachys pubescens f. lutea T.H.Wen Phyllostachys edulis f. aureostriata K.Ueda Phyllostachys pubescens f. aureovariegata Uchida Phyllostachys pubescens f. viridosulcata T.H.Wen Phyllostachys heterocycla f. gimmei Muroi & Kasahara Phyllostachys heterocycla f. ventricosa Z.P.Wang & N.X.Ma Phyllostachys pubescens f. quadrangulata S.Y.Wang Phyllostachys heterocycla f. obliquinoda Z.P.Wang & N.X.Ma Phyllostachys pubescens f. tubaeformis S.Y.Wang Phyllostachys tubaeformiis (S.Y. Wang) D. Ohrnberger Phyllostachys heterocycla f. epruinosa (X.H. Lai) T.P. Yi Phyllostachys heterocycla f. tubiformis (S.Y. Wang) T.P. Yi Phyllostachys heterocycla f. venusta (X.H. Lai) T.P. Yi Phyllostachys edulis f. pubescens
科属（Family & Genus）：禾本科（Gramineae）刚竹属
形态特征（Description）：竿高达20余米，粗者可达20余厘米，幼竿密被细柔毛及厚白粉，箨环有毛，老竿无毛，并由绿色渐变为绿黄色；基部节间甚短而向上则逐节较长，中部节间长达40厘米或更长，壁厚约1厘米（但有变异）；竿环不明显，低于箨环或在细竿中隆起。箨鞘背面黄褐色或紫褐色，具黑褐色斑点及密生棕色刺毛；箨耳微小，繸毛发达；箨舌宽短，强隆起乃至为尖拱形，边缘具粗长纤毛；箨片较短，长三角形至披针形，有波状弯曲，绿色，初时直立，以后外翻。末级小枝具2-4叶；叶耳不明显，鞘口繸毛存在而为脱落性；叶舌隆起；叶片较小较薄，披针形，长4-11厘米，宽0.5-1.2厘米，下表面在沿中脉基部具柔毛，次脉3-6对，再次脉9条。花枝穗状，长5-7厘米，基部托以4-6片逐渐稍较大的微小鳞片状苞片，有时花枝下方尚有1-3片近于正常发达的叶，当此时则花枝呈顶生状；佛焰苞通常在10片以上，常偏于一侧，呈整齐的复瓦状排列，下部数片不孕而早落，致使花枝下部露出而类似花枝之柄，上部的边缘生纤毛及微毛，无叶耳，具易落的鞘口繸毛，缩小叶小，披针形至锥状，每片孕性佛焰苞内具1-3枚假小穗。小穗仅有1朵小花；小穗轴延伸于最上方小花的内稃之背部，呈针状，节间具短柔毛；颖1片，长15-28毫米，顶端常具锥状缩小叶有如佛焰苞，下部、上部以及边缘常生毛茸；外稃长22-24毫米，上部及边缘被毛；内稃稍短于其外稃，中部以上生有毛茸；鳞被披针形，长约5毫米，宽约1毫米；花丝长4厘米，花药长约12毫米；柱头3，羽毛状。颖果长椭圆形，长4.5-6毫米，直径1.5-1.8毫米，顶端有宿存的花柱基部。笋期4月，花期5-8月。
分布（Distribution）：自秦岭、汉水流域至长江流域以南及台湾省。
用途（Use）：毛竹是我国栽培悠久、面积最广、经济价值也最重要的竹种。其竿型粗大，宜供建筑用，如梁柱、棚架、脚手架等，篾性优良，供编织各种粗细的用具及工艺品，枝梢作扫帚，嫩竹及竿箨作造纸原料，笋味美，鲜食或加工制成玉兰片、笋干、笋衣等。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 22 Page 139, 166, 172, 173
Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houzeau, Bambou (Mons). 39. 1906.
毛竹 mao zhu | Poaceae | Phyllostachys
Bambusa edulis Carrière, Rev. Hort. 380. 1866; B. heterocycla Carrière; Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carrière) Mitford; P. heterocycla var. pubescens (Mazel ex J. Houzeau) Ohwi; P. pubescens Mazel ex J. Houzeau.
Culms to 20 m or more, to 20 cm in diam.; internodes to 40 cm or more, basal ones gradually shortened and thickened toward base, initially white powdery, densely puberulent; wall ca. 1 cm thick, nodal ridge inconspicuous at nodes without branches, more prominent at branching nodes and in slender culms; sheath scar setose on margin. Culm sheaths yellow-brown or purple-brown with dark brown spots, densely brown hairy; auricles relatively small; oral setae strongly developed; ligule arcuate to acutely so, long ciliate; blade initially erect, becoming reflexed, green, narrowly triangular or lanceolate to linear. Leaves 2–4 per ultimate branch; auricles inconspicuous; oral setae present; ligule prominent; blade small, thin, 4–11 × 0.5–1.2 cm, abaxially proximally pubescent along midrib, secondary veins 3–6-paired, tertiary veins ca. 9. Flowering branchlets spicate, 5–6 cm; scaly bracts 4–6, gradually larger, sometimes with 1–3 additional bracts resembling foliage leaves at base; spathes more than 10, laterally imbricate, lower ones sterile and deciduous giving naked stalklike axis, upper part puberulent, margins ciliate; auricles absent; oral setae deciduous; blade lanceolate to subulate, small. Pseudospikelets 1–3 per spathe. Spikelets with 1 floret. Glume 1, 1.5–2.8 cm, apex with a small subulate blade, pubescent; rachilla extension short, awnlike, internodes puberulent; lemma 2.2–2.4 cm, distally and marginally pubescent; palea slightly shorter than lemma, distally pubescent; lodicules lanceolate, ca. 5 × 1 mm. Anthers ca. 1.2 cm; filaments ca. 4 cm. Stigmas 3. Caryopsis narrowly elliptic, 5–10 × 1.5–1.8 cm, apex with persistent style base. New shoots Apr, fl. May–Aug. 2n = 48*.
* Mountain slopes; below 1600 m or more. Anhui, Fujian Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [introduced in Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, and North America].
The apparent earlier homonym "Phyllostachys edulis" (Rivière & C. Rivière, Bull. Soc. Natl. Acclim. France, sér. 3, 5: 623. 1878) was not validly published because it was merely cited as a synonym of P. mitis Poiret.
This is the most economically important bamboo in China, widely cultivated for its versatile culms and delicious shoots. Many cultivars have been named, including Phyllostachys edulis 'Heterocycla', the Tortoise-shell Bamboo, which has asymmetrically shortened and swollen culm internodes.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz
英文名（English Common Name）：tortoise shell bamboo
别名（Chinese Common Name）：江南竹、南竹
异名（Synonym）：Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carr.) Mitford Phyllostachys heterocycla 'Pubescens' Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex J. Houz. Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens (Mazel) Ohwi Phyllostachys pubescens f. purpurescens W.Y.Hsiung, Q.H.Dai & J.K.Liu Phyllostachys edulis f. holochrysa (T.H.Wen) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. rigida (W.Y.Hsiung, Q.H.Dai & J.K.Liu) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys pubescens taokiang W.C.Lin Phyllostachys heterocycla f. obtusangula (S.Y.Wang) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. obtusangula (S.Y.Wang) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. lutea (T.H.Wen) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys pubescens f. rigida W.Y.Hsiung, Q.H.Dai & J.K.Liu Phyllostachys edulis f. ventricosa (Z.P.Wang & N.X.Ma) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys pubescens f. grammica W.Y.Hsiung Phyllostachys edulis f. gimmei (Muroi & Kasahara) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. aureovariegata (Uchida) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. albovariegata Ohrnb. Phyllostachys edulis f. tubaeformis (S.Y.Wang) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys heterocycla f. tubaeformis (S.Y.Wang) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys heterocycla f. quadrangulata (S.Y.Wang) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys bicolor Crouzet Phyllostachys heterocycla f. gracilis Ohrnb. Phyllostachys pubescens var. heterocycla (Carrière) J.Houz. Phyllostachys edulis f. purpurescens (W.Y.Hsiung, Q.H.Dai & J.K.Liu) Ohrnb. Phyllostachys heterocycla f. aureovariegata (Uchida) Muroi Phyllostachys heterocycla f. viridosulcata (T.H.Wen) T.H.Wen Phyllostachys pubescens f. bicolor (Nakai) T.H.Wen Phyllostachys edulis f. subconvexa I.Tsuboi Phyllostachys pubescens var. nabeshimana (Muroi) Sad.Suzuki Phyllostachys edulis f. venusta G.H.Lai Phyllostachys mitis var. heterocycla (Carrière) Makino Phyllostachys edulis f. bicolor (Nakai) M.J.Lai & D.Y.Hong Phyllostachys edulis f. epruinosa G.H.Lai Phyllostachys pubescens f. holochrysa T.H.Wen Phyllostachys pubescens f. nabeshimana (Muroi) T.H.Wen Phyllostachys heterocycla f. taokiang (W.C.Lin) T.P.Yi Sinarundinaria pubescens f. nabeshimana Muroi Phyllostachys heterocycla f. bicolor (Nakai) Muroi & Kasahara Phyllostachys heterocycla f. holochrysa Muroi & Kasahara Phyllostachys heterocycla f. oboro Muroi & Yu.Tanaka Phyllostachys heterocycla f. subconvexa (I.Tsuboi) Muroi & H.Okamura Sinarundinaria pubescens var. bicolor Nakai Phyllostachys edulis f. heterocycla (Carrière) V.N.Vassil. Phyllostachys macroculmis var. edulis V.N.Vassil. Bambos moosoo Siebold Phyllostachys pubescens var. biconvexa Nakai Phyllostachys edulis f. gracilis C.S.Chao & Renvoize Phyllostachys edulis f. nabeshimana (Muroi) C.S.Chao & Renvoize Phyllostachys heterocycla f. pubescens (Houz.) D.C.McClint. Phyllostachys edulis f. viridisulcata (T.H.Wen) C.S.Chao & Renvoize Phyllostachys pubescens f. lutea T.H.Wen Phyllostachys edulis f. aureostriata K.Ueda Phyllostachys pubescens f. aureovariegata Uchida Phyllostachys pubescens f. viridosulcata T.H.Wen Phyllostachys heterocycla f. gimmei Muroi & Kasahara Phyllostachys heterocycla f. ventricosa Z.P.Wang & N.X.Ma Phyllostachys pubescens f. quadrangulata S.Y.Wang Phyllostachys heterocycla f. obliquinoda Z.P.Wang & N.X.Ma Phyllostachys pubescens f. tubaeformis S.Y.Wang Phyllostachys tubaeformiis (S.Y. Wang) D. Ohrnberger Phyllostachys heterocycla f. epruinosa (X.H. Lai) T.P. Yi Phyllostachys heterocycla f. tubiformis (S.Y. Wang) T.P. Yi Phyllostachys heterocycla f. venusta (X.H. Lai) T.P. Yi Phyllostachys edulis f. pubescens
科属（Family & Genus）：禾本科（Gramineae）刚竹属
形态特征（Description）：竿高达20余米，粗者可达20余厘米，幼竿密被细柔毛及厚白粉，箨环有毛，老竿无毛，并由绿色渐变为绿黄色；基部节间甚短而向上则逐节较长，中部节间长达40厘米或更长，壁厚约1厘米（但有变异）；竿环不明显，低于箨环或在细竿中隆起。箨鞘背面黄褐色或紫褐色，具黑褐色斑点及密生棕色刺毛；箨耳微小，繸毛发达；箨舌宽短，强隆起乃至为尖拱形，边缘具粗长纤毛；箨片较短，长三角形至披针形，有波状弯曲，绿色，初时直立，以后外翻。末级小枝具2-4叶；叶耳不明显，鞘口繸毛存在而为脱落性；叶舌隆起；叶片较小较薄，披针形，长4-11厘米，宽0.5-1.2厘米，下表面在沿中脉基部具柔毛，次脉3-6对，再次脉9条。花枝穗状，长5-7厘米，基部托以4-6片逐渐稍较大的微小鳞片状苞片，有时花枝下方尚有1-3片近于正常发达的叶，当此时则花枝呈顶生状；佛焰苞通常在10片以上，常偏于一侧，呈整齐的复瓦状排列，下部数片不孕而早落，致使花枝下部露出而类似花枝之柄，上部的边缘生纤毛及微毛，无叶耳，具易落的鞘口繸毛，缩小叶小，披针形至锥状，每片孕性佛焰苞内具1-3枚假小穗。小穗仅有1朵小花；小穗轴延伸于最上方小花的内稃之背部，呈针状，节间具短柔毛；颖1片，长15-28毫米，顶端常具锥状缩小叶有如佛焰苞，下部、上部以及边缘常生毛茸；外稃长22-24毫米，上部及边缘被毛；内稃稍短于其外稃，中部以上生有毛茸；鳞被披针形，长约5毫米，宽约1毫米；花丝长4厘米，花药长约12毫米；柱头3，羽毛状。颖果长椭圆形，长4.5-6毫米，直径1.5-1.8毫米，顶端有宿存的花柱基部。笋期4月，花期5-8月。
分布（Distribution）：自秦岭、汉水流域至长江流域以南及台湾省。
用途（Use）：毛竹是我国栽培悠久、面积最广、经济价值也最重要的竹种。其竿型粗大，宜供建筑用，如梁柱、棚架、脚手架等，篾性优良，供编织各种粗细的用具及工艺品，枝梢作扫帚，嫩竹及竿箨作造纸原料，笋味美，鲜食或加工制成玉兰片、笋干、笋衣等。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 22 Page 139, 166, 172, 173
Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houzeau, Bambou (Mons). 39. 1906.
毛竹 mao zhu | Poaceae | Phyllostachys
Bambusa edulis Carrière, Rev. Hort. 380. 1866; B. heterocycla Carrière; Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carrière) Mitford; P. heterocycla var. pubescens (Mazel ex J. Houzeau) Ohwi; P. pubescens Mazel ex J. Houzeau.
Culms to 20 m or more, to 20 cm in diam.; internodes to 40 cm or more, basal ones gradually shortened and thickened toward base, initially white powdery, densely puberulent; wall ca. 1 cm thick, nodal ridge inconspicuous at nodes without branches, more prominent at branching nodes and in slender culms; sheath scar setose on margin. Culm sheaths yellow-brown or purple-brown with dark brown spots, densely brown hairy; auricles relatively small; oral setae strongly developed; ligule arcuate to acutely so, long ciliate; blade initially erect, becoming reflexed, green, narrowly triangular or lanceolate to linear. Leaves 2–4 per ultimate branch; auricles inconspicuous; oral setae present; ligule prominent; blade small, thin, 4–11 × 0.5–1.2 cm, abaxially proximally pubescent along midrib, secondary veins 3–6-paired, tertiary veins ca. 9. Flowering branchlets spicate, 5–6 cm; scaly bracts 4–6, gradually larger, sometimes with 1–3 additional bracts resembling foliage leaves at base; spathes more than 10, laterally imbricate, lower ones sterile and deciduous giving naked stalklike axis, upper part puberulent, margins ciliate; auricles absent; oral setae deciduous; blade lanceolate to subulate, small. Pseudospikelets 1–3 per spathe. Spikelets with 1 floret. Glume 1, 1.5–2.8 cm, apex with a small subulate blade, pubescent; rachilla extension short, awnlike, internodes puberulent; lemma 2.2–2.4 cm, distally and marginally pubescent; palea slightly shorter than lemma, distally pubescent; lodicules lanceolate, ca. 5 × 1 mm. Anthers ca. 1.2 cm; filaments ca. 4 cm. Stigmas 3. Caryopsis narrowly elliptic, 5–10 × 1.5–1.8 cm, apex with persistent style base. New shoots Apr, fl. May–Aug. 2n = 48*.
* Mountain slopes; below 1600 m or more. Anhui, Fujian Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [introduced in Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, and North America].
The apparent earlier homonym "Phyllostachys edulis" (Rivière & C. Rivière, Bull. Soc. Natl. Acclim. France, sér. 3, 5: 623. 1878) was not validly published because it was merely cited as a synonym of P. mitis Poiret.
This is the most economically important bamboo in China, widely cultivated for its versatile culms and delicious shoots. Many cultivars have been named, including Phyllostachys edulis 'Heterocycla', the Tortoise-shell Bamboo, which has asymmetrically shortened and swollen culm internodes.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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