重阳木Bischofia polycarpa
中文名（Chinese Name）：重阳木
学名（Scientific Name）：Bischofia polycarpa (Lévl.) Airy Shaw
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：乌杨、水枧木
异名（Synonym）：Bischofia racemosa Ching et C. D. Chu Celtis polycarpa H. Lév.
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）秋枫属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达15米，胸径50厘米，有时达1米；树皮褐色，厚6毫米，纵裂；木材表面槽棱不显；树冠伞形状，大枝斜展，小枝无毛，当年生枝绿色，皮孔明显，灰白色，老枝变褐色，皮孔变锈褐色；芽小，顶端稍尖或钝，具有少数芽鳞；全株均无毛。三出复叶；叶柄长9-13.5厘米；顶生小叶通常较两侧的大，小叶片纸质，卵形或椭圆状卵形，有时长圆状卵形，长5-9（-14）厘米，宽3-6（-9）厘米，顶端突尖或短渐尖，基部圆或浅心形，边缘具钝细锯齿每1厘米长4-5个；顶生小叶柄长1.5-4（-6）厘米，侧生小叶柄长3-14毫米；托叶小，早落。花雌雄异株，春季与叶同时开放，组成总状花序；花序通常着生于新枝的下部，花序轴纤细而下垂；雄花序长8-13厘米；雌花序3-12厘米；雄花：萼片半圆形，膜质，向外张开；花丝短；有明显的退化雌蕊；雌花：萼片与雄花的相同，有白色膜质的边缘；子房3-4室，每室2胚珠，花柱2-3，顶端不分裂。果实浆果状，圆球形，直径5-7毫米，成熟时褐红色。花期4-5月，果期10-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产于秦岭、淮河流域以南至福建和广东的北部，生于海拔1000米以下山地林中或平原栽培。
用途（Use）：果肉可酿酒。种子含油量30%，可供食用， 也可作润滑油和肥皂油。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 217, 218
Bischofia polycarpa (H. Léveillé) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 27: 271. 1972.
重阳木 chong yang mu | Euphorbiaceae | Bischofia
Celtis polycarpa H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 296. 1912; Bischofia racemosa Cheng & D. Chu.
Trees to 15 m tall, 50(-100) cm d.b.h., deciduous, glabrous throughout; bark brown, ca. 6 mm thick, longitudinally fissured; older branches brown, lenticels rusty; branchlets green, lenticels gray-white. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate; stipules small, caducous; petiole 9-13.5 cm; terminal petiolule 1.5-4(-6) cm, lateral petiolules 3-14 mm; terminal leaflets usually larger than bilateral ones; leaflet blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, sometimes oblong-ovate, 5-9(-14) × 3-6(-9) cm, papery, base rounded or shallowly cordate, apex acute or shortly acuminate, margins with 4 or 5 teeth per cm. Plants dioecious. Inflorescences pendent racemes, on lower parts of previous year branches, generally appearing in spring, male inflorescences 8-13 cm, female 3-12 cm. Male flowers: sepals semiorbicular, membranous, spreading; filaments short; pistillode prominent. Female flowers: sepals as in male, with white membranous margin; ovary 3- or 4-locular; styles 2 or 3, entire. Fruits globose, 5-7 mm in diam., brown-red when mature. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
● Evergreen forests, often widely planted; 200-1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
The wood of Bischofia polycarpa is used for furniture, vehicles, bridges, and structural timbers. The fruits are mostly used for the production of distilled liquors. The seeds yield 30% oil, which is used for lubrication.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Bischofia polycarpa (Lévl.) Airy Shaw
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：乌杨、水枧木
异名（Synonym）：Bischofia racemosa Ching et C. D. Chu Celtis polycarpa H. Lév.
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）秋枫属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达15米，胸径50厘米，有时达1米；树皮褐色，厚6毫米，纵裂；木材表面槽棱不显；树冠伞形状，大枝斜展，小枝无毛，当年生枝绿色，皮孔明显，灰白色，老枝变褐色，皮孔变锈褐色；芽小，顶端稍尖或钝，具有少数芽鳞；全株均无毛。三出复叶；叶柄长9-13.5厘米；顶生小叶通常较两侧的大，小叶片纸质，卵形或椭圆状卵形，有时长圆状卵形，长5-9（-14）厘米，宽3-6（-9）厘米，顶端突尖或短渐尖，基部圆或浅心形，边缘具钝细锯齿每1厘米长4-5个；顶生小叶柄长1.5-4（-6）厘米，侧生小叶柄长3-14毫米；托叶小，早落。花雌雄异株，春季与叶同时开放，组成总状花序；花序通常着生于新枝的下部，花序轴纤细而下垂；雄花序长8-13厘米；雌花序3-12厘米；雄花：萼片半圆形，膜质，向外张开；花丝短；有明显的退化雌蕊；雌花：萼片与雄花的相同，有白色膜质的边缘；子房3-4室，每室2胚珠，花柱2-3，顶端不分裂。果实浆果状，圆球形，直径5-7毫米，成熟时褐红色。花期4-5月，果期10-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产于秦岭、淮河流域以南至福建和广东的北部，生于海拔1000米以下山地林中或平原栽培。
用途（Use）：果肉可酿酒。种子含油量30%，可供食用， 也可作润滑油和肥皂油。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 217, 218
Bischofia polycarpa (H. Léveillé) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 27: 271. 1972.
重阳木 chong yang mu | Euphorbiaceae | Bischofia
Celtis polycarpa H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 296. 1912; Bischofia racemosa Cheng & D. Chu.
Trees to 15 m tall, 50(-100) cm d.b.h., deciduous, glabrous throughout; bark brown, ca. 6 mm thick, longitudinally fissured; older branches brown, lenticels rusty; branchlets green, lenticels gray-white. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate; stipules small, caducous; petiole 9-13.5 cm; terminal petiolule 1.5-4(-6) cm, lateral petiolules 3-14 mm; terminal leaflets usually larger than bilateral ones; leaflet blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, sometimes oblong-ovate, 5-9(-14) × 3-6(-9) cm, papery, base rounded or shallowly cordate, apex acute or shortly acuminate, margins with 4 or 5 teeth per cm. Plants dioecious. Inflorescences pendent racemes, on lower parts of previous year branches, generally appearing in spring, male inflorescences 8-13 cm, female 3-12 cm. Male flowers: sepals semiorbicular, membranous, spreading; filaments short; pistillode prominent. Female flowers: sepals as in male, with white membranous margin; ovary 3- or 4-locular; styles 2 or 3, entire. Fruits globose, 5-7 mm in diam., brown-red when mature. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
● Evergreen forests, often widely planted; 200-1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
The wood of Bischofia polycarpa is used for furniture, vehicles, bridges, and structural timbers. The fruits are mostly used for the production of distilled liquors. The seeds yield 30% oil, which is used for lubrication.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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