秋枫Bischofia javanica
中文名（Chinese Name）：秋枫
学名（Scientific Name）：Bischofia javanica Blume
英文名（English Common Name）：Javanese bishopwood
别名（Chinese Common Name）：万年青树、加冬
异名（Synonym）：Andrachne trifoliata Roxb. Bischofia cumingiana Decne. Bischofia oblongifolia Decne. Bischofia roeperiana (Wight et Arn.) Decne. ex Jacquem. Bischofia toui Decne. Bischofia trifoliata (Roxb.) Hook. Bischofia leplopoda Müll. Arg. Microelus roeperianus Wight et Arn. Stylodiscus trifoliatus Benn. Bischofia cummingiana Decne. Bischofia leptopoda Müll.Arg. Phyllanthus gymnanthus Baill. Andrachne apetala Roxb. ex Wall. Bischofia javanica var. genuina Müll.Arg. Bischofia javanica var. lanceolata Müll.Arg. Bischofia javanica var. oblongifolia (Decne.) Müll.Arg. Bischofia javanica var. toui (Decne.) Müll.Arg.
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）秋枫属
形态特征（Description）：常绿或半常绿大乔木，高达40米，胸径可达2.3米；树干圆满通直，但分枝低，主干较短；树皮灰褐色至棕褐色，厚约1厘米，近平滑，老树皮粗糙，内皮纤维质，稍脆；砍伤树皮后流出汁液红色，干凝后变瘀血状；木材鲜时有酸味，干后无味，表面槽棱突起；小枝无毛。三出复叶，稀5小叶，总叶柄长8-20厘米；小叶片纸质，卵形、椭圆形、倒卵形或椭圆状卵形，长7-15厘米，宽4-8厘米，顶端急尖或短尾状渐尖，基部宽楔形至钝，边缘有浅锯齿，每1厘米长有2-3个，幼时仅叶脉上被疏短柔毛，老渐无毛；顶生小叶柄长2-5厘米，侧生小叶柄长5-20毫米；托叶膜质，披针形，长约8毫米，早落。花小，雌雄异株，多朵组成腋生的圆锥花序；雄花序长8-13厘米，被微柔毛至无毛；雌花序长15-27厘米，下垂；雄花：直径达2.5毫米；萼片膜质，半圆形，内面凹成勺状，外面被疏微柔毛；花丝短；退化雌蕊小，盾状，被短柔毛；雌花：萼片长圆状卵形，内面凹成勺状，外面被疏微柔毛，边缘膜质；子房光滑无毛，3-4室，花柱3-4，线形，顶端不分裂。果实浆果状，圆球气形或近圆球形，直径6-13毫米，淡褐色；种子长圆形，长约5毫米。花期4-5月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国中南部各省区，常生于海拔800米以下山地潮湿沟谷林中。东南亚、日本、澳大利亚和波利尼西亚等也有。
用途（Use）：树皮可提取红色染料。叶可作绿肥，也可治无名肿毒。根有祛风消肿作用，主治风湿骨痛、痢疾等。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11
Bischofia javanica Blume, Bijdr. 1168. 1826.
秋枫 qiu feng | Euphorbiaceae | Bischofia
Andrachne trifoliata Roxburgh; Bischofia cumingiana Decaisne; B. leptopoda Müller Argoviensis; B. oblongifolia Decaisne; B. roeperiana Decaisne; B. toui Decaisne; B. trifoliata (Roxburgh) Hooker; Microelus roeperianus (Decaisne) Wight & Arnott; Stylodiscus trifoliatus (Roxburgh) Bennett.
Trees to 40 m tall, to 2.3 m d.b.h., evergreen; stem straight, branching lower; bark gray-brown to brown, ca. 1 cm thick, with red latex; branchlets glabrous. Leaves palmately 3(-5)-foliolate; stipules membranous, lanceolate, ca. 8 mm, caducous; petiole 8-20 cm; terminal petiolule 2-5 cm, lateral petiolules 5-20 mm; leaflet blades ovate, elliptic, obovate, or elliptic-ovate, 7-15 × 4-8 cm, papery, sparsely pubescent only on nerves, glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, margins with 2 or 3 teeth per cm, apex acute or caudate-acuminate. Plants dioecious. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate; male peduncle 8-13 cm, puberulent to glabrous, female peduncle 15-27 cm, pendent. Male flowers to 2.5 mm in diam.; sepals membranous, semiorbicular, adaxially concave, ladle-shaped, abaxially puberulent outside; filaments short; pistillode small, peltate, pubescent. Female flowers: sepals similar to male but oblong-ovate, margins membranous; ovary smooth, glabrous, 3- or 4-locular; styles 3 or 4, linear, entire. Fruits globose or subglobose, 6-13 mm in diam., brownish. Seeds oblong, ca. 5 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct.
Evergreen forests, open valley woodlands, widely planted on stream banks, cultivated in gardens and along avenues; below 800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Pacific Islands (Polynesia)].
The dark reddish brown wood of Bischofia javanica is heavy and very hard, with a fine structure, and is used for bridges, vehicles, and structural timbers. The bark is a source of a red dye, used to stain rattan baskets. The fruits are mostly used for making wines. The seeds yield 30%-54% oil. The roots are used as a medicine for rheumatalgia and malaria.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Bischofia javanica Blume
英文名（English Common Name）：Javanese bishopwood
别名（Chinese Common Name）：万年青树、加冬
异名（Synonym）：Andrachne trifoliata Roxb. Bischofia cumingiana Decne. Bischofia oblongifolia Decne. Bischofia roeperiana (Wight et Arn.) Decne. ex Jacquem. Bischofia toui Decne. Bischofia trifoliata (Roxb.) Hook. Bischofia leplopoda Müll. Arg. Microelus roeperianus Wight et Arn. Stylodiscus trifoliatus Benn. Bischofia cummingiana Decne. Bischofia leptopoda Müll.Arg. Phyllanthus gymnanthus Baill. Andrachne apetala Roxb. ex Wall. Bischofia javanica var. genuina Müll.Arg. Bischofia javanica var. lanceolata Müll.Arg. Bischofia javanica var. oblongifolia (Decne.) Müll.Arg. Bischofia javanica var. toui (Decne.) Müll.Arg.
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）秋枫属
形态特征（Description）：常绿或半常绿大乔木，高达40米，胸径可达2.3米；树干圆满通直，但分枝低，主干较短；树皮灰褐色至棕褐色，厚约1厘米，近平滑，老树皮粗糙，内皮纤维质，稍脆；砍伤树皮后流出汁液红色，干凝后变瘀血状；木材鲜时有酸味，干后无味，表面槽棱突起；小枝无毛。三出复叶，稀5小叶，总叶柄长8-20厘米；小叶片纸质，卵形、椭圆形、倒卵形或椭圆状卵形，长7-15厘米，宽4-8厘米，顶端急尖或短尾状渐尖，基部宽楔形至钝，边缘有浅锯齿，每1厘米长有2-3个，幼时仅叶脉上被疏短柔毛，老渐无毛；顶生小叶柄长2-5厘米，侧生小叶柄长5-20毫米；托叶膜质，披针形，长约8毫米，早落。花小，雌雄异株，多朵组成腋生的圆锥花序；雄花序长8-13厘米，被微柔毛至无毛；雌花序长15-27厘米，下垂；雄花：直径达2.5毫米；萼片膜质，半圆形，内面凹成勺状，外面被疏微柔毛；花丝短；退化雌蕊小，盾状，被短柔毛；雌花：萼片长圆状卵形，内面凹成勺状，外面被疏微柔毛，边缘膜质；子房光滑无毛，3-4室，花柱3-4，线形，顶端不分裂。果实浆果状，圆球气形或近圆球形，直径6-13毫米，淡褐色；种子长圆形，长约5毫米。花期4-5月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国中南部各省区，常生于海拔800米以下山地潮湿沟谷林中。东南亚、日本、澳大利亚和波利尼西亚等也有。
用途（Use）：树皮可提取红色染料。叶可作绿肥，也可治无名肿毒。根有祛风消肿作用，主治风湿骨痛、痢疾等。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11
Bischofia javanica Blume, Bijdr. 1168. 1826.
秋枫 qiu feng | Euphorbiaceae | Bischofia
Andrachne trifoliata Roxburgh; Bischofia cumingiana Decaisne; B. leptopoda Müller Argoviensis; B. oblongifolia Decaisne; B. roeperiana Decaisne; B. toui Decaisne; B. trifoliata (Roxburgh) Hooker; Microelus roeperianus (Decaisne) Wight & Arnott; Stylodiscus trifoliatus (Roxburgh) Bennett.
Trees to 40 m tall, to 2.3 m d.b.h., evergreen; stem straight, branching lower; bark gray-brown to brown, ca. 1 cm thick, with red latex; branchlets glabrous. Leaves palmately 3(-5)-foliolate; stipules membranous, lanceolate, ca. 8 mm, caducous; petiole 8-20 cm; terminal petiolule 2-5 cm, lateral petiolules 5-20 mm; leaflet blades ovate, elliptic, obovate, or elliptic-ovate, 7-15 × 4-8 cm, papery, sparsely pubescent only on nerves, glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, margins with 2 or 3 teeth per cm, apex acute or caudate-acuminate. Plants dioecious. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate; male peduncle 8-13 cm, puberulent to glabrous, female peduncle 15-27 cm, pendent. Male flowers to 2.5 mm in diam.; sepals membranous, semiorbicular, adaxially concave, ladle-shaped, abaxially puberulent outside; filaments short; pistillode small, peltate, pubescent. Female flowers: sepals similar to male but oblong-ovate, margins membranous; ovary smooth, glabrous, 3- or 4-locular; styles 3 or 4, linear, entire. Fruits globose or subglobose, 6-13 mm in diam., brownish. Seeds oblong, ca. 5 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct.
Evergreen forests, open valley woodlands, widely planted on stream banks, cultivated in gardens and along avenues; below 800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Pacific Islands (Polynesia)].
The dark reddish brown wood of Bischofia javanica is heavy and very hard, with a fine structure, and is used for bridges, vehicles, and structural timbers. The bark is a source of a red dye, used to stain rattan baskets. The fruits are mostly used for making wines. The seeds yield 30%-54% oil. The roots are used as a medicine for rheumatalgia and malaria.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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