乌柿Diospyros cathayensis
中文名（Chinese Name）：乌柿
学名（Scientific Name）：Diospyros cathayensis Steward
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：山柿子、丁香柿
异名（Synonym）：Diospyros cathayensis var. foochowensis (Metc. et Chen) S. Lee Diospyros foochowensis F. P. Metcalf et L. Chen Diospyros armata var. sinensis (Hemsl.) Z.Y.Zhang
科属（Family & Genus）：柿科（Ebenaceae）柿属
形态特征（Description）：常绿或半常绿小乔木，高10米左右，干短而粗，胸高直径可达30-80厘米，树冠开展，多枝，有刺；枝圆筒形，深褐色至黑褐色，有小柔毛，后变无毛，散生纵裂近圆形的小皮孔；小枝纤细，褐色至带黑色，平直，有短柔毛。冬芽细小，长约2毫米，芽鳞有微柔毛。叶薄革质，长圆状披针形，长4-9厘米，宽1.8-3.6厘米，两端钝，上面光亮，深绿色，下面淡绿色，嫩时有小柔毛，中脉在上面稍凸起，有微柔毛，在下面突起，侧脉纤细，每边5-8条，小脉不甚明显，结成不规则的疏网状；叶柄短，长2-4毫米，有微柔毛。雄花生聚伞花序、上，极少单生，花萼4深裂，裂片三角形，长2-3毫米，两面密被柔毛；花冠壶状，长5-7毫米，两面有柔毛，4裂，裂片宽卵形，反曲；雄蕊16枚，分成8对，每对的花丝一长一短，有长粗毛，花药线形，短渐尖，退化子房有粗伏毛；花梗长3-6毫米，总梗长7-12毫米，均密生短粗毛；雌花单生，腋外生，白色，芳香；花萼4深裂，裂片卵形，长约1厘米，有短柔毛，先端急尖；花冠较花萼短，壶状，有短柔毛，管长约5毫米，4裂，裂片覆瓦状排列，近三角形，长宽各约2毫米，反曲，退化雄蕊6枚，花丝有短柔毛；子房球形，有长柔毛，6室，每室有1胚珠；花柱无毛，很短，柱头6浅裂，突出花冠外；花梗纤细，长2-4厘米。果球形，直径1.5-3厘米，嫩时绿色，熟时黄色，变无毛；种子褐色，长椭圆形，长约2厘米，宽约7毫米，侧扁；宿存萼4深裂，裂片革质，卵形，长1.2-1.8厘米，宽约8毫米，先端急尖，有纵脉9条；果柄纤细，长3-4（6）厘米。花期4-5月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产四川、湖北、云南、贵州、湖南、安徽；生于海拔600-1500米的河谷、山地或山谷林中。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 15 Page 220
Diospyros cathayensis Steward, J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 86. 1954.
乌柿 wu shi | Ebenaceae | Diospyros
Diospyros cathayensis var. foochowensis (Metcalf & L. Chen) S. Lee; D. foochowensis Metcalf & L. Chen; D. sinensis Hemsley (1889), not Blume ex Naudin (1880).
Trees to 10 m tall, evergreen or nearly so. Trunk to 80 cm d.b.h. Branchlets brown, slender, pubescent, glabrescent, usually tipped with slender inconspicuous spines. Petiole 2--4 mm, puberulous; leaf blade elliptic, 4--9(--11) X 1.5--3.6 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially paler and ± pubescent along veins, adaxially dark green and lustrous, base cuneate to attenuate, apex acute to slightly blunt, lateral veins 10--12 per side, reticulate veinlets slender and raised on both surfaces. Male flowers in cymes, rarely solitary; pedicel 6--11 mm, pubescent; calyx deeply divided, densely pubescent; lobes 4, triangular, 1.5--3 mm; corolla pale yellow, urn-shaped, 5--7 mm, both surfaces pubescent, lobes 4, ovate, ca. 1 mm, and reflexed; stamens 16, villose. Female flowers solitary; calyx lobes 4, ovate, ca. 1 cm, puberulous; corolla white, tube ca. 5 mm, lobes 4; staminodes 6; ovary villose. Fruiting pedicel 2.5--4(--6) cm, slender. Fruiting calyx divided to near base, subglabrous; lobes lanceolate, (1--)1.2--2(--2.5) X 0.5--0.9(--1.1) cm, ± leathery, apex obtuse, veins several, subparallel, and prominent. Berries yellow, globose to ovoid, 1.5--3 cm, sparsely hairy. Seeds 4 or more, segmentiform, to 1.5 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct.
* Forests in ravines, sometimes cultivated; 600--1500 m. S Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan, C and E Sichuan, NE Yunnan
Collections from Fuzhou in Fujian Province show great variability in leaf size and shape. One collection has been described as a distinct species, Diospyros foochowensis, but the variation seems too continuous to justify formal recognition of any one variant.
The raised reticulate veination of the leaves, long slender pedicels and conspicuously veined, spreading, and papery calyx lobes of Diospyros cathayensis, D. armata and D. rhombifolia, are rather similar to the leaves, pedicels and sepals of species such as Diospyros reticulinervis, D. caloneura and D. tutcheri later in this account. This perhaps suggests a relationship with those species rather than the species immediately following in the present sequence.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Diospyros cathayensis Steward
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：山柿子、丁香柿
异名（Synonym）：Diospyros cathayensis var. foochowensis (Metc. et Chen) S. Lee Diospyros foochowensis F. P. Metcalf et L. Chen Diospyros armata var. sinensis (Hemsl.) Z.Y.Zhang
科属（Family & Genus）：柿科（Ebenaceae）柿属
形态特征（Description）：常绿或半常绿小乔木，高10米左右，干短而粗，胸高直径可达30-80厘米，树冠开展，多枝，有刺；枝圆筒形，深褐色至黑褐色，有小柔毛，后变无毛，散生纵裂近圆形的小皮孔；小枝纤细，褐色至带黑色，平直，有短柔毛。冬芽细小，长约2毫米，芽鳞有微柔毛。叶薄革质，长圆状披针形，长4-9厘米，宽1.8-3.6厘米，两端钝，上面光亮，深绿色，下面淡绿色，嫩时有小柔毛，中脉在上面稍凸起，有微柔毛，在下面突起，侧脉纤细，每边5-8条，小脉不甚明显，结成不规则的疏网状；叶柄短，长2-4毫米，有微柔毛。雄花生聚伞花序、上，极少单生，花萼4深裂，裂片三角形，长2-3毫米，两面密被柔毛；花冠壶状，长5-7毫米，两面有柔毛，4裂，裂片宽卵形，反曲；雄蕊16枚，分成8对，每对的花丝一长一短，有长粗毛，花药线形，短渐尖，退化子房有粗伏毛；花梗长3-6毫米，总梗长7-12毫米，均密生短粗毛；雌花单生，腋外生，白色，芳香；花萼4深裂，裂片卵形，长约1厘米，有短柔毛，先端急尖；花冠较花萼短，壶状，有短柔毛，管长约5毫米，4裂，裂片覆瓦状排列，近三角形，长宽各约2毫米，反曲，退化雄蕊6枚，花丝有短柔毛；子房球形，有长柔毛，6室，每室有1胚珠；花柱无毛，很短，柱头6浅裂，突出花冠外；花梗纤细，长2-4厘米。果球形，直径1.5-3厘米，嫩时绿色，熟时黄色，变无毛；种子褐色，长椭圆形，长约2厘米，宽约7毫米，侧扁；宿存萼4深裂，裂片革质，卵形，长1.2-1.8厘米，宽约8毫米，先端急尖，有纵脉9条；果柄纤细，长3-4（6）厘米。花期4-5月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产四川、湖北、云南、贵州、湖南、安徽；生于海拔600-1500米的河谷、山地或山谷林中。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 15 Page 220
Diospyros cathayensis Steward, J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 86. 1954.
乌柿 wu shi | Ebenaceae | Diospyros
Diospyros cathayensis var. foochowensis (Metcalf & L. Chen) S. Lee; D. foochowensis Metcalf & L. Chen; D. sinensis Hemsley (1889), not Blume ex Naudin (1880).
Trees to 10 m tall, evergreen or nearly so. Trunk to 80 cm d.b.h. Branchlets brown, slender, pubescent, glabrescent, usually tipped with slender inconspicuous spines. Petiole 2--4 mm, puberulous; leaf blade elliptic, 4--9(--11) X 1.5--3.6 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially paler and ± pubescent along veins, adaxially dark green and lustrous, base cuneate to attenuate, apex acute to slightly blunt, lateral veins 10--12 per side, reticulate veinlets slender and raised on both surfaces. Male flowers in cymes, rarely solitary; pedicel 6--11 mm, pubescent; calyx deeply divided, densely pubescent; lobes 4, triangular, 1.5--3 mm; corolla pale yellow, urn-shaped, 5--7 mm, both surfaces pubescent, lobes 4, ovate, ca. 1 mm, and reflexed; stamens 16, villose. Female flowers solitary; calyx lobes 4, ovate, ca. 1 cm, puberulous; corolla white, tube ca. 5 mm, lobes 4; staminodes 6; ovary villose. Fruiting pedicel 2.5--4(--6) cm, slender. Fruiting calyx divided to near base, subglabrous; lobes lanceolate, (1--)1.2--2(--2.5) X 0.5--0.9(--1.1) cm, ± leathery, apex obtuse, veins several, subparallel, and prominent. Berries yellow, globose to ovoid, 1.5--3 cm, sparsely hairy. Seeds 4 or more, segmentiform, to 1.5 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct.
* Forests in ravines, sometimes cultivated; 600--1500 m. S Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan, C and E Sichuan, NE Yunnan
Collections from Fuzhou in Fujian Province show great variability in leaf size and shape. One collection has been described as a distinct species, Diospyros foochowensis, but the variation seems too continuous to justify formal recognition of any one variant.
The raised reticulate veination of the leaves, long slender pedicels and conspicuously veined, spreading, and papery calyx lobes of Diospyros cathayensis, D. armata and D. rhombifolia, are rather similar to the leaves, pedicels and sepals of species such as Diospyros reticulinervis, D. caloneura and D. tutcheri later in this account. This perhaps suggests a relationship with those species rather than the species immediately following in the present sequence.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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