乌榄Canarium pimela

乌榄Canarium pimela

乌榄Canarium pimela

乌榄Canarium pimela

中文名(Chinese Name):乌榄
学名(Scientific Name):Canarium pimela Konig
英文名(English Common Name):Chinese black olive
别名(Chinese Common Name):墨榄
异名(Synonym):Pimela nigra Lour.;Canarium tramdenum C.D. Dai et Yakovlev;Canarium pimeloides Govaerts;Lipara nigra Lour. ex Gomes Mach.;Chirita nigrum (Lour.) Engl.
科属(Family & Genus):橄榄科(Burseraceae)橄榄属
形态特征(Description):乔木,高达20米,胸径达45厘米。小枝粗10毫米,干时紫褐色,髓部周围及中央有柱状维管束。无托叶。小叶4-6对,纸质至革质,无毛,宽椭圆形、卵形或圆形,稀长圆形,长6-17厘米,宽2-7.5厘米,顶端急渐尖,尖头短而钝;基部圆形或阔楔形,偏斜,全缘;侧脉(8-)11(-15)对,网脉明显。花序腋生,为疏散的聚伞圆锥花序(稀近总状花序),无毛;雄花序多花,雌花序少花。花几无毛,雄花长约7毫米,雌花长约6毫米。萼在雄花中长2.5毫米,明显浅裂,在雌花中长3.5-4毫米,浅裂或近截平;花瓣在雌花中长约8毫米。雄蕊6,无毛(仅雄花花药有两排刚毛),在雄花中近1/2、在雌花中1/2以上合生。花盘杯状,高0.5-1毫米,流苏状,边缘及内侧有刚毛,雄花中的肉质,中央有一凹穴;雌花中的薄,边缘有6个波状浅齿。雌蕊无毛,在雄花中不存在。果序长8-35厘米,有果1-4个;果具长柄(长约2厘米),果萼近扁平,直径8-10毫米,果成熟时紫黑色,狭卵圆形,长3-4厘米,直径1.7-2厘米,横切面圆形至不明显的三角形;外果皮较薄,干时有细皱纹。果核横切面近圆形,核盖厚约3毫米,平滑或在中间有1不明显的肋凸。种子1-2;不育室适度退化。花期4-5月,果期5-11月。
分布(Distribution):产广东、广西、海南及云南,生于海拔1280米以下的杂木林内。越南、老挝、柬埔寨也有。
用途(Use):果可生食,果肉腌制“榄角”(或称“榄豉”)作菜,榄仁为饼食及肴菜配料佳品;种子油供食用、制肥皂或作其他工业用油。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 108, 109
Canarium pimela K. D. Koenig, Ann. Bot. (König & Sims). 1: 361. 1804.
乌榄 wu lan | Burseraceae  | Canarium
Canarium nigrum (Loureiro) Engler (1896), not Roxburgh (1832); C. pimeloides Govaerts, nom. illeg. superfl.; C. tramdenum C. D. Dai & Yakovlev; Pimela nigra Loureiro.
Trees, up to 20 m tall, ca. 45 cm d.b.h. Branchlets ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous. Leaves exstipulate; leaflets 4-6 pairs; blades broadly elliptic, ovate, or rounded, 6-17 × 2-7.5 cm, glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; lateral veins 8-15 pairs, reticulate veins conspicuous. Flowers in cymose panicles or inflorescences rarely racemose, glabrous, with more flowers in male plants. Calyx ca. 2.5 mm, shallowly lobed in male flowers, 3.5-4 mm, shallowly lobed or nearly truncate in female flowers. Petals ca. 8 mm in female flowers. Filaments connate for about 1/2 of length; disk fleshy with center depressed in male flowers, thin and shallowly 6-lobed in female flowers; anthers with 2 lines of bristles. Infructescences 8-35 cm, 1-4-fruited; pedicel ca. 2 cm; persistent calyx nearly flat, 8-10 mm in diam. Drupe purple-black when ripe, narrowly ovoid, 3-4 × 1.7-2 cm, cross section nearly rounded. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Nov.
Forests; 500-1300 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S Yunnan [Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam].
Deng and Zhu (Taxon 54: 550. 2005) proposed the name Canarium pimela for conservation, which was subsequently recommended by the Committee for Vascular Plants (Brummitt, Taxon 56: 592. 2007).
(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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