三角榄Canarium bengalense
中文名(Chinese Name):三角榄
学名(Scientific Name):Canarium bengalense Roxb.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):方榄
异名(Synonym):
科属(Family & Genus):橄榄科(Burseraceae)橄榄属
形态特征(Description):产广西、云南,生于海拔400-1300米的杂木林中。东南亚也有。
乔木,高15-25米,胸径75-120厘米。小枝粗1-1.5厘米,有皮孔,幼部被稀疏的灰色短柔毛;顶芽粗大,被黄色柔毛;髓部厚,周围有封闭的柱状木质部束。有托叶,着生于叶柄上距叶腋0.5毫米处,钻形,被柔毛,早落,但托叶痕凸起可见。小叶5-6(-10)对,长圆形至倒卵状披针形,长10-20厘米,宽4.5-6厘米,坚纸质,叶面无毛,背面被柔毛,脉上被平展的硬毛及柔毛,有时几无毛;顶端骤狭渐尖,尖头长1-1.5厘米;基部圆形,偏斜,常一侧下延;边缘波状或全缘;侧脉18-20(-25)对,弯拱,在背面凹起。花序腋上生,雌花序不详。雄花序为狭的聚伞圆锥花序,长30-40厘米,近无毛,分枝长3-4厘米,稀疏的二歧分叉,具花约7朵。花长约7毫米,近无毛;萼长2毫米,雄蕊6,无毛,花丝合生一半以上。花盘在雄花中为管状,高1.5-1.8毫米,边缘和外侧密被直立的硬毛,在雌花中环状,3浅裂,流苏状。雌蕊在雄花中小,密被绒毛。果序腋上生(距叶柄基部2-3厘米)或腋生,总状,长5-8厘米,具果1-3。果萼碟形,3浅裂,直径约8毫米,裂片稍反卷。果绿色,纺锤形具3凸肋,或倒卵形具3-4凸肋,顶端急尖或截平至下凹,遗有宿存柱头,长4.5-5厘米,粗1.8-2厘米,无毛;果核急尖至钝或下凹,切面锐三角形至圆形,核肋常突出达0.5厘米,核盖厚1.5-3毫米,有中肋或无,种子1-2,不育室轻度或强度退化以至消失。果期7-10月。
分布(Distribution):产广西(龙州)、云南(西畴、屏边);生于海拔400-1 300米的杂木林中。分布于孟加拉、印度东北部(阿萨姆)、缅甸、泰国及老挝。
用途(Use):果可食。种子油可制肥皂或作润滑油。木材用途同橄榄。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 108, 110
Canarium bengalense Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 136. 1832.
方榄 fang lan| Burseraceae | Canarium
Trees, up to 25 m tall, ca. 1.2 m d.b.h. Branchlets 1-1.5 cm in diam., sparsely gray pubescent when young; top bud yellow pubescent. Leaves stipulate; stipules subulate, pubescent, early deciduous; leaflets 6-8(-10) pairs; blades oblong or obovate-lanceolate, 10-20 × 4.5-6 cm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent, base rounded, margin sinuate or entire, apex acuminate with acumen 10-15 mm; lateral veins 18-25 pairs. Inflorescences axillary, cymose panicles in male plants, 30-40 cm, nearly glabrous, branches 3-4 cm. Calyx ca. 2 mm. Stamens glabrous; filaments united for ca. 1/2 of length; disk tubular, 1.5-1.8 mm high, margin and abaxial surface hirsute in male flowers, annular, 3-fid, fimbriate in female flowers. Infructescences extra-axillary or axillary, 5-8 cm, 1-3-fruited; persistent calyx disk-shaped, shallowly 3-lobed, ca. 10 mm in diam. Drupe green, spindle-shaped, 3-ribbed, 4.5-5 × 1.8-2 cm, glabrous, or obovoid and 3- or 4-ribbed, apex acute, truncate or excavated; stigma persistent; cross section of pyrene acutely triangular or rounded. Fr. Jul-Oct.
Mixed forests; 400-1300 m. SW Guangxi, SE Yunnan [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand].
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
踩一下[0]
上一篇:橄榄Canarium album
顶一下[0]