天麻 Gastrodia elata
中文名（Chinese Name）：天麻
学名（Scientific Name）：Gastrodia elata Bl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Gastrodia mairei Schltr. Gastrodia elata f. pilifera Tuyama Gastrodia elata var. gracilis Pamp.
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）天麻属
形态特征（Description）：植株高30-100厘米，有时可达2米；根状茎肥厚，块茎状，椭圆形至近哑铃形，肉质，长8-12厘米，直径3-5 (-7)厘米，有时更大，具较密的节，节上被许多三角状宽卵形的鞘。茎直立，橙黄色、黄色、灰棕色或蓝绿色，无绿叶，下部被数枚膜质鞘。总状花序长5-30（-50)厘米，通常具30-50朵花；花苞片长圆状披针形，长1-1. 5厘米，膜质；花梗和子房长7-12毫米，略短于花苞片；花扭转，橙黄、淡黄、蓝绿或黄白色，近直立；萼片和花瓣合生成的花被筒长约1厘米，直径5-7毫米，近斜卵状圆筒形，顶端具5枚裂片，但前方亦即两枚侧萼片合生处的裂口深达5毫米，筒的基部向前方凸出；外轮裂片（萼片离生部分）卵状三角形，先端钝；内轮裂片（花瓣离生部分）近长圆形，较小；唇瓣长圆状卵圆形，长6-7毫米，宽3-4毫米，3裂，基部贴生于蕊柱足末端与花被筒内壁上并有一对肉质胼胝体，上部离生，上面具乳突，边缘有不规则短流苏；蕊柱长5-7毫米，有短的蕊柱足。蒴果倒卵状椭圆形，长1. 4-1. 8厘米，宽8-9毫米。花果期5-7月。
分布（Distribution）：产吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南和西藏。生于疏林下，林中空地、林缘，灌丛边缘，海拔400-3200米。尼泊尔、不丹、印度、日本、朝鲜半岛至西伯利亚也有分布。模式标本采自东亚，具体地点不详。
用途（Use）：天麻是名贵中药，用以治疗头晕目眩、肢体麻木、小儿惊风等症。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 202, 203
Gastrodia elata Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 174. 1856.
天麻 tian ma| Orchidaceae | Gastrodia
Gastrodia elata f. alba S. Chow; G. elata f. flavida S. Chow; G. elata f. glauca S. Chow; G. elata var. gracilis Pampanini; G. elata f. pilifera Tuyama; G. elata f. viridis (Makino) Makino; G. elata var. viridis (Makino) Makino; G. mairei Schlechter; G. viridis Makino.
Plants 30-100 cm, rarely to 200 cm tall. Rhizomes usually ellipsoid, 8-12 cm, stout, 3-5(-7) cm in diam., sometimes larger, fleshy, densely noded, with triangular or broadly ovate scales at nodes. Peduncle orange, yellow, grayish brown, or greenish, 25-80(-150) cm, with several membranous sheaths toward base; rachis 5-30(-50) cm, subdensely to densely 20-50-flowered; floral bracts oblong-lanceolate, 10-16 mm, often exceeding ovary, membranous, apex acuminate. Flowers suberect, resupinate, opening weakly, orange, pale yellow, bluish green, or yellowish white; pedicel and ovary 7-12 mm. Perianth tube urceolate, 8-10 × 5-7 mm, with a deep sinus between lateral sepals, base inflated, outer surface smooth; free portion of sepals ovate-triangular, 3-5 mm, apex obtuse; free portion of petals suboblong, smaller than sepal lobes, apex acute; lip obscurely 3-lobed, oblong-ovoid, 6-7 × 3-4 mm, glabrous, base clawed, apical margin irregularly fimbriate; claw with a pair of gibbous foldings; disk papillose, with a pair of fleshy reniform calli. Column 5-7 mm; column foot short. Capsule obovoid-ellipsoid, 14-18 × 8-9 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Jul. 2n = 24, 30, 36.
Sparse forests, open places in forests, forest margins, thicket margins; 400-3200 m. Anhui, N Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, NE India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Russia (Far East)].
This species is widely cultivated for its tubers (tianma) that are used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of convulsive disorders such as epilepsy.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Gastrodia elata Bl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Gastrodia mairei Schltr. Gastrodia elata f. pilifera Tuyama Gastrodia elata var. gracilis Pamp.
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）天麻属
形态特征（Description）：植株高30-100厘米，有时可达2米；根状茎肥厚，块茎状，椭圆形至近哑铃形，肉质，长8-12厘米，直径3-5 (-7)厘米，有时更大，具较密的节，节上被许多三角状宽卵形的鞘。茎直立，橙黄色、黄色、灰棕色或蓝绿色，无绿叶，下部被数枚膜质鞘。总状花序长5-30（-50)厘米，通常具30-50朵花；花苞片长圆状披针形，长1-1. 5厘米，膜质；花梗和子房长7-12毫米，略短于花苞片；花扭转，橙黄、淡黄、蓝绿或黄白色，近直立；萼片和花瓣合生成的花被筒长约1厘米，直径5-7毫米，近斜卵状圆筒形，顶端具5枚裂片，但前方亦即两枚侧萼片合生处的裂口深达5毫米，筒的基部向前方凸出；外轮裂片（萼片离生部分）卵状三角形，先端钝；内轮裂片（花瓣离生部分）近长圆形，较小；唇瓣长圆状卵圆形，长6-7毫米，宽3-4毫米，3裂，基部贴生于蕊柱足末端与花被筒内壁上并有一对肉质胼胝体，上部离生，上面具乳突，边缘有不规则短流苏；蕊柱长5-7毫米，有短的蕊柱足。蒴果倒卵状椭圆形，长1. 4-1. 8厘米，宽8-9毫米。花果期5-7月。
分布（Distribution）：产吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南和西藏。生于疏林下，林中空地、林缘，灌丛边缘，海拔400-3200米。尼泊尔、不丹、印度、日本、朝鲜半岛至西伯利亚也有分布。模式标本采自东亚，具体地点不详。
用途（Use）：天麻是名贵中药，用以治疗头晕目眩、肢体麻木、小儿惊风等症。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 202, 203
Gastrodia elata Blume, Mus. Bot. 2: 174. 1856.
天麻 tian ma| Orchidaceae | Gastrodia
Gastrodia elata f. alba S. Chow; G. elata f. flavida S. Chow; G. elata f. glauca S. Chow; G. elata var. gracilis Pampanini; G. elata f. pilifera Tuyama; G. elata f. viridis (Makino) Makino; G. elata var. viridis (Makino) Makino; G. mairei Schlechter; G. viridis Makino.
Plants 30-100 cm, rarely to 200 cm tall. Rhizomes usually ellipsoid, 8-12 cm, stout, 3-5(-7) cm in diam., sometimes larger, fleshy, densely noded, with triangular or broadly ovate scales at nodes. Peduncle orange, yellow, grayish brown, or greenish, 25-80(-150) cm, with several membranous sheaths toward base; rachis 5-30(-50) cm, subdensely to densely 20-50-flowered; floral bracts oblong-lanceolate, 10-16 mm, often exceeding ovary, membranous, apex acuminate. Flowers suberect, resupinate, opening weakly, orange, pale yellow, bluish green, or yellowish white; pedicel and ovary 7-12 mm. Perianth tube urceolate, 8-10 × 5-7 mm, with a deep sinus between lateral sepals, base inflated, outer surface smooth; free portion of sepals ovate-triangular, 3-5 mm, apex obtuse; free portion of petals suboblong, smaller than sepal lobes, apex acute; lip obscurely 3-lobed, oblong-ovoid, 6-7 × 3-4 mm, glabrous, base clawed, apical margin irregularly fimbriate; claw with a pair of gibbous foldings; disk papillose, with a pair of fleshy reniform calli. Column 5-7 mm; column foot short. Capsule obovoid-ellipsoid, 14-18 × 8-9 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Jul. 2n = 24, 30, 36.
Sparse forests, open places in forests, forest margins, thicket margins; 400-3200 m. Anhui, N Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, NE India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Russia (Far East)].
This species is widely cultivated for its tubers (tianma) that are used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of convulsive disorders such as epilepsy.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）踩一下[1]
顶一下[11]