密花石斛 Dendrobium densiflorum
中文名（Chinese Name）：密花石斛
学名（Scientific Name）：Dendrobium densiflorum Lindl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Callista guibertii (Carrière) M.A.Clem. Callista clavata (Roxb.) Kuntze Callista densiflora (Lindl.) Kuntze Dendrobium schroederi Dombrain Dendrobium guibertii Carrière Endeisa flava Raf. Epidendrum dumunsuttu Buch.-Ham. ex Lindl.
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）石斛属
形态特征（Description）：茎粗壮，通常棒状或纺锤形，长25-40厘米，粗达2厘米，下部常收狭为细圆柱形，不分枝，具数个节和4个纵棱，有时棱不明显，干后淡褐色并且带光泽；叶常3-4枚，近顶生，革质，长圆状披针形，长8-17厘米，宽2.6-6厘米，先端急尖，基部不下延为抱茎的鞘。总状花序从去年或2年生具叶的茎上端发出，下垂，密生许多花，花序柄基部被2-4枚鞘；花苞片纸质，倒卵形，长1.2-1.5厘米，宽6-10毫米，先端钝，具约10条脉，干后多少席卷；花梗和子房白绿色，长2-2.5厘米；花开展，萼片和花瓣淡黄色；中萼片卵形，长1.7-2.1厘米，宽8-12毫米，先端钝，具5条脉，全缘；侧萼片卵状披针形，近等大于中萼片，先端近急尖，具5-6条脉，全缘；萼囊近球形，宽约5毫米；花瓣近圆形，长1.5-2厘米，宽1.1-1.5厘米，基部收狭为短爪，中部以上边缘具啮齿，具3条主脉和许多支脉；唇瓣金黄色，圆状菱形，长1.7-2.2厘米，宽达2.2厘米，先端圆形，基部具短爪，中部以下两侧围抱蕊柱，上面和下面的中部以上密被短绒毛；蕊柱桔黄色，长约4毫米；药帽橘黄色，前后压扁的半球形或圆锥形，前端边缘截形，并且具细缺刻。花期4-5月。
分布（Distribution）：产广东、海南、广西、西藏等地，生于海拔420～1000米的常绿阔叶林中树干上或山谷岩石上。东南亚也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 369, 375,376
Dendrobium densiflorum Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 34. 1830.
密花石斛 mi hua shi hu| Orchidaceae | Dendrobium
Callista densiflora (Wallich) Kuntze; Dendrobium clavatum Roxburgh (1832), not Wallich ex Lindley (1852).
Stems strongly clavate, swollen, ± pseudobulbous at base, 25-40 cm, to 2 cm in diam., internodes clavate, expanding to a swollen node, obscurely 4-angled, sometimes ridges inconspicuous, yellow, pale brown and glossy when dry, sheathless. Leaves 3 or 4, subterminal, oblong-lanceolate, 8-17 × 2.6-6 cm, leathery, base not decurrent into clasping sheath, apex acute. Inflorescence subterminal, pendulous, densely many flowered; peduncle with 2-4 sheaths at base; rachis 6-16 cm; floral bracts broadly oblong or obovate, 12-15 × 6-10(or more) mm, membranous, strongly ca. 10-veined, revolute, obtuse. Pedicel and ovary whitish green, 2-2.5 cm. Flowers spreading, 3-4 cm in diam.; sepals and petals pale yellow, lip golden yellow, column and anther cap orange-yellow. Dorsal sepal ovate, 17-21 × 8-12(or more) mm, 5-veined, obtuse; lateral sepals nearly as large as dorsal sepal, ovate-lanceolate, 5- or 6-veined, apex subacute; mentum subglobose, ca. 5 mm wide. Petals suborbicular, 15-20 × 11-15 mm, with 3 main veins and many secondary veins, base contracted into a short claw, margin erose above middle; lip orbicular-rhombic, 17-22 × up to 22 mm, both surfaces densely lanate above middle, shortly clawed, both sides embracing column below middle, apex rounded. Column ca. 4 mm; anther cap compressed subglobose or conic, front margin truncate, finely notched.
Epiphytic on tree trunks in evergreen broad-leaved forests, lithophytic on rocks in mountain valleys; 400-1000 m. N Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, SE Xizang [Bhutan, NE India, Myanmar, Nepal, N Thailand].
S. Y. Hu (Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 26: 151. 1973) misidentified material of this species as Dendrobium amabile (Loureiro) O’Brien.
Seidenfaden (Opera Bot. 83: 23. 1985) included Dendrobium guibertii Carrière (Rev. Hort. 48: 431. 1876), from N Thailand, in the synonymy of D. densiflorum. However, H. P. Wood (Dendrobiums, 637-638. 2006) maintained it as a distinct, late-flowering (July-August) species, conceding that its true distribution remains unclear because of prevalent misidentification. A brief description is provided here for comparison with D. densiflorum. Stem clavate, to 80 cm, 4-grooved. Leaves 3-5, usually 4, ca. 10.5 × 5.5 cm. Inflorescence pendulous, 22-30 cm, developing very rapidly, with buds packed together, as in D. densiflorum, up to 60-flowered. Flowers ca. 4 cm in diam., sepals and petals pale yellow, lip deeper yellow.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Dendrobium densiflorum Lindl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Callista guibertii (Carrière) M.A.Clem. Callista clavata (Roxb.) Kuntze Callista densiflora (Lindl.) Kuntze Dendrobium schroederi Dombrain Dendrobium guibertii Carrière Endeisa flava Raf. Epidendrum dumunsuttu Buch.-Ham. ex Lindl.
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）石斛属
形态特征（Description）：茎粗壮，通常棒状或纺锤形，长25-40厘米，粗达2厘米，下部常收狭为细圆柱形，不分枝，具数个节和4个纵棱，有时棱不明显，干后淡褐色并且带光泽；叶常3-4枚，近顶生，革质，长圆状披针形，长8-17厘米，宽2.6-6厘米，先端急尖，基部不下延为抱茎的鞘。总状花序从去年或2年生具叶的茎上端发出，下垂，密生许多花，花序柄基部被2-4枚鞘；花苞片纸质，倒卵形，长1.2-1.5厘米，宽6-10毫米，先端钝，具约10条脉，干后多少席卷；花梗和子房白绿色，长2-2.5厘米；花开展，萼片和花瓣淡黄色；中萼片卵形，长1.7-2.1厘米，宽8-12毫米，先端钝，具5条脉，全缘；侧萼片卵状披针形，近等大于中萼片，先端近急尖，具5-6条脉，全缘；萼囊近球形，宽约5毫米；花瓣近圆形，长1.5-2厘米，宽1.1-1.5厘米，基部收狭为短爪，中部以上边缘具啮齿，具3条主脉和许多支脉；唇瓣金黄色，圆状菱形，长1.7-2.2厘米，宽达2.2厘米，先端圆形，基部具短爪，中部以下两侧围抱蕊柱，上面和下面的中部以上密被短绒毛；蕊柱桔黄色，长约4毫米；药帽橘黄色，前后压扁的半球形或圆锥形，前端边缘截形，并且具细缺刻。花期4-5月。
分布（Distribution）：产广东、海南、广西、西藏等地，生于海拔420～1000米的常绿阔叶林中树干上或山谷岩石上。东南亚也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 369, 375,376
Dendrobium densiflorum Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 34. 1830.
密花石斛 mi hua shi hu| Orchidaceae | Dendrobium
Callista densiflora (Wallich) Kuntze; Dendrobium clavatum Roxburgh (1832), not Wallich ex Lindley (1852).
Stems strongly clavate, swollen, ± pseudobulbous at base, 25-40 cm, to 2 cm in diam., internodes clavate, expanding to a swollen node, obscurely 4-angled, sometimes ridges inconspicuous, yellow, pale brown and glossy when dry, sheathless. Leaves 3 or 4, subterminal, oblong-lanceolate, 8-17 × 2.6-6 cm, leathery, base not decurrent into clasping sheath, apex acute. Inflorescence subterminal, pendulous, densely many flowered; peduncle with 2-4 sheaths at base; rachis 6-16 cm; floral bracts broadly oblong or obovate, 12-15 × 6-10(or more) mm, membranous, strongly ca. 10-veined, revolute, obtuse. Pedicel and ovary whitish green, 2-2.5 cm. Flowers spreading, 3-4 cm in diam.; sepals and petals pale yellow, lip golden yellow, column and anther cap orange-yellow. Dorsal sepal ovate, 17-21 × 8-12(or more) mm, 5-veined, obtuse; lateral sepals nearly as large as dorsal sepal, ovate-lanceolate, 5- or 6-veined, apex subacute; mentum subglobose, ca. 5 mm wide. Petals suborbicular, 15-20 × 11-15 mm, with 3 main veins and many secondary veins, base contracted into a short claw, margin erose above middle; lip orbicular-rhombic, 17-22 × up to 22 mm, both surfaces densely lanate above middle, shortly clawed, both sides embracing column below middle, apex rounded. Column ca. 4 mm; anther cap compressed subglobose or conic, front margin truncate, finely notched.
Epiphytic on tree trunks in evergreen broad-leaved forests, lithophytic on rocks in mountain valleys; 400-1000 m. N Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, SE Xizang [Bhutan, NE India, Myanmar, Nepal, N Thailand].
S. Y. Hu (Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 26: 151. 1973) misidentified material of this species as Dendrobium amabile (Loureiro) O’Brien.
Seidenfaden (Opera Bot. 83: 23. 1985) included Dendrobium guibertii Carrière (Rev. Hort. 48: 431. 1876), from N Thailand, in the synonymy of D. densiflorum. However, H. P. Wood (Dendrobiums, 637-638. 2006) maintained it as a distinct, late-flowering (July-August) species, conceding that its true distribution remains unclear because of prevalent misidentification. A brief description is provided here for comparison with D. densiflorum. Stem clavate, to 80 cm, 4-grooved. Leaves 3-5, usually 4, ca. 10.5 × 5.5 cm. Inflorescence pendulous, 22-30 cm, developing very rapidly, with buds packed together, as in D. densiflorum, up to 60-flowered. Flowers ca. 4 cm in diam., sepals and petals pale yellow, lip deeper yellow.
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