独花兰Changnienia amoena
中文名（Chinese Name）：独花兰
学名（Scientific Name）：Changnienia amoena S. S. Chien
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）独花兰属
形态特征（Description）：假鳞茎近椭圆形或宽卵球形，长1.5-2.5厘米，宽1-2厘米，肉质，近淡黄白色，有2节，被膜质鞘。叶1枚，宽卵状椭圆形至宽椭圆形，长6.5-11.5厘米，宽5-8.2厘米，先端急尖或短渐尖，基部圆形或近截形，背面紫红色；叶柄长3.5-8厘米。花葶长10-17厘米，紫色，具2枚鞘；鞘膜质，下部抱茎，长3-4厘米；花苞片小，凋落；花梗和子房长7-9毫米；花大，白色而带肉红色或淡紫色晕，唇瓣有紫红色斑点；萼片长圆状披针形，长2.7-3.3厘米，宽7-9毫米，先端钝，有5-7脉；侧萼片稍斜歪；花瓣狭倒卵状披针形，略斜歪，长2.5-3厘米，宽1.2-1.4厘米，先端钝，具7脉；唇瓣略短于花瓣，3裂，基部有距；侧裂片直立，斜卵状三角形，较大，宽1-1.3厘米；中裂片平展，宽倒卵状方形，先端和上部边缘具不规则波状缺刻；唇盘上在两枚侧裂片之间具5枚褶片状附属物；距角状，稍弯曲，长2-2.3厘米，基部宽7-10毫米，向末端渐狭，末端钝；蕊柱长1.8-2.1厘米，两侧有宽翅。花期4月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、湖北、湖南和四川。生于400～1800米疏林下腐殖质丰富的土壤上或沿山谷荫蔽的地方。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 252
Changnienia amoena S. S. Chien, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 10: 90. 1935.
独花兰 du hua lan| Orchidaceae | Changnienia
Pseudobulb nearly pale yellowish white, subellipsoid to broadly ovoid, 1.5-2.5 × 1-2 cm, fleshy, 2- or 3-noded, ± covered with membranous sheaths, with a solitary leaf at apex. Leaf blade spreading, recurved, abaxially purplish red, adaxially dark green, broadly ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, 6.5-11.5 × 5-8.2 cm, base rounded or subtruncate, apex acute or shortly acuminate; petiole-like base suberect, purple, channeled, 3.5-8 cm. Inflorescence purple, 10-17 cm, with 2 or 3 membranous, amplexicaul sheaths; sheaths 3-4 cm; floral bract deciduous, small. Flower spreading, large, white or pink, lip white with purplish red spots in basal 2/3; pedicel and ovary 7-9 mm. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 27-33 × 7-9 mm, 5-7-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals slightly oblique. Petals narrowly obovate-lanceolate, slightly oblique, 25-30 × 12-14 mm, 7-veined, apex obtuse; lip oblate-orbicular in outline, slightly shorter than petals, 3-lobed, spurred at base; lateral lobes erect, ovate-triangular, oblique, 11-14 × 10-13 mm, apex acute; mid-lobe spreading horizontally, broadly obovate, ca. 8 × 12 mm, margin irregularly undulate-incised, apex truncate and emarginate; disk with 5 short lamellae between lateral lobes; spur slightly incurved, narrowly obconic, 20-23 × 7-10 mm, attenuate toward apex, apex obtuse. Column 18-21 mm, winged. Fl. Apr. 2n = 46*.
● Humus-rich soil in open forests, shaded places along valleys; 400-1100(-1800) m. Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Changnienia amoena S. S. Chien
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：兰科（Orchidaceae）独花兰属
形态特征（Description）：假鳞茎近椭圆形或宽卵球形，长1.5-2.5厘米，宽1-2厘米，肉质，近淡黄白色，有2节，被膜质鞘。叶1枚，宽卵状椭圆形至宽椭圆形，长6.5-11.5厘米，宽5-8.2厘米，先端急尖或短渐尖，基部圆形或近截形，背面紫红色；叶柄长3.5-8厘米。花葶长10-17厘米，紫色，具2枚鞘；鞘膜质，下部抱茎，长3-4厘米；花苞片小，凋落；花梗和子房长7-9毫米；花大，白色而带肉红色或淡紫色晕，唇瓣有紫红色斑点；萼片长圆状披针形，长2.7-3.3厘米，宽7-9毫米，先端钝，有5-7脉；侧萼片稍斜歪；花瓣狭倒卵状披针形，略斜歪，长2.5-3厘米，宽1.2-1.4厘米，先端钝，具7脉；唇瓣略短于花瓣，3裂，基部有距；侧裂片直立，斜卵状三角形，较大，宽1-1.3厘米；中裂片平展，宽倒卵状方形，先端和上部边缘具不规则波状缺刻；唇盘上在两枚侧裂片之间具5枚褶片状附属物；距角状，稍弯曲，长2-2.3厘米，基部宽7-10毫米，向末端渐狭，末端钝；蕊柱长1.8-2.1厘米，两侧有宽翅。花期4月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、湖北、湖南和四川。生于400～1800米疏林下腐殖质丰富的土壤上或沿山谷荫蔽的地方。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 25 Page 252
Changnienia amoena S. S. Chien, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 10: 90. 1935.
独花兰 du hua lan| Orchidaceae | Changnienia
Pseudobulb nearly pale yellowish white, subellipsoid to broadly ovoid, 1.5-2.5 × 1-2 cm, fleshy, 2- or 3-noded, ± covered with membranous sheaths, with a solitary leaf at apex. Leaf blade spreading, recurved, abaxially purplish red, adaxially dark green, broadly ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, 6.5-11.5 × 5-8.2 cm, base rounded or subtruncate, apex acute or shortly acuminate; petiole-like base suberect, purple, channeled, 3.5-8 cm. Inflorescence purple, 10-17 cm, with 2 or 3 membranous, amplexicaul sheaths; sheaths 3-4 cm; floral bract deciduous, small. Flower spreading, large, white or pink, lip white with purplish red spots in basal 2/3; pedicel and ovary 7-9 mm. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 27-33 × 7-9 mm, 5-7-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals slightly oblique. Petals narrowly obovate-lanceolate, slightly oblique, 25-30 × 12-14 mm, 7-veined, apex obtuse; lip oblate-orbicular in outline, slightly shorter than petals, 3-lobed, spurred at base; lateral lobes erect, ovate-triangular, oblique, 11-14 × 10-13 mm, apex acute; mid-lobe spreading horizontally, broadly obovate, ca. 8 × 12 mm, margin irregularly undulate-incised, apex truncate and emarginate; disk with 5 short lamellae between lateral lobes; spur slightly incurved, narrowly obconic, 20-23 × 7-10 mm, attenuate toward apex, apex obtuse. Column 18-21 mm, winged. Fl. Apr. 2n = 46*.
● Humus-rich soil in open forests, shaded places along valleys; 400-1100(-1800) m. Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
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