芝麻Sesamum indicum
中文名(Chinese Name):芝麻
学名(Scientific Name):Sesamum indicum Linn.
英文名(English Common Name):sesame
别名(Chinese Common Name):胡麻、脂麻
异名(Synonym):Sesamum orientale L. Dysosmon amoenum Raf. Sesamum africanum Tod. Sesamum occidentalis Heer & Regel Sesamum oleiferum Sm.
科属(Family & Genus):胡麻科(Pedaliaceae)胡麻属
形态特征(Description):一年生直立草本。高60-150厘米,分枝或不分枝,中空或具有白色髓部,微有毛。叶矩圆形或卵形,长3-10厘米,宽2.5-4厘米,下部叶常掌状3裂,中部叶有齿缺,上部叶近全缘;叶柄长1-5厘米。花单生或2-3朵同生于叶腋内。花萼裂片披针形,长5-8毫米,宽1.6-3.5毫米,被柔毛。花冠长2.5-3厘米,筒状,直径约1-1.5厘米,长2-3.5厘米,白色而常有紫红色或黄色的彩晕。雄蕊4,内藏。子房上位,4室(云南西双版纳栽培植物可至8室),被柔毛。蒴果矩圆形,长2-3厘米,直径6-12毫米,有纵棱,直立,被毛,分裂至中部或至基部。种子有黑白之分。花期夏末秋初。
分布(Distribution):原产印度,我国汉时引入,我国南北均有栽培。
用途(Use):芝麻种子含油分55%,除供食用外,又可榨油,油供食用及妇女涂头发之用,亦供药、用,作为软膏基础剂、粘滑剂、解毒剂。种子有黑白二种之分,黑者称黑脂麻,白者称为白脂麻;黑脂麻为含有脂肪油类之缓和性滋养强壮剂,有滋润营养之功,对于高血压也有治疗的功效。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 18 Page 226
Sesamum indicum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 634. 1753.
芝麻 zhi ma| Pedaliaceae | Sesamum
Sesamum orientale Linnaeus.
Herbs annual, erect, to 1.2 m tall. Stems branched or unbranched, 4-angled, finely pubescent to glabrescent. Leaves opposite or alternate; petiole 3-11 cm on lower leaves; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, variously 3-parted, 4-20 X 2-10 cm; upper stem leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, 0.5-2.5 cm wide, base cuneate, margin entire. Flowers white, pink, or mauve-pink with darker markings. Calyx persistent. Corolla 1.5-3.3 cm. Capsule narrowly oblong, rounded at base, 1.5-3 cm X 6-7 mm; beak broad, short. Seeds horizontally arranged, double fringe conspicuous; testa white, brown, or black when ripe, smooth. 2n = 26*.
Widely cultivated in China as a crop for seed oil; origin uncertain, cultivated worldwide, especially in tropical countries.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
学名(Scientific Name):Sesamum indicum Linn.
英文名(English Common Name):sesame
别名(Chinese Common Name):胡麻、脂麻
异名(Synonym):Sesamum orientale L. Dysosmon amoenum Raf. Sesamum africanum Tod. Sesamum occidentalis Heer & Regel Sesamum oleiferum Sm.
科属(Family & Genus):胡麻科(Pedaliaceae)胡麻属
形态特征(Description):一年生直立草本。高60-150厘米,分枝或不分枝,中空或具有白色髓部,微有毛。叶矩圆形或卵形,长3-10厘米,宽2.5-4厘米,下部叶常掌状3裂,中部叶有齿缺,上部叶近全缘;叶柄长1-5厘米。花单生或2-3朵同生于叶腋内。花萼裂片披针形,长5-8毫米,宽1.6-3.5毫米,被柔毛。花冠长2.5-3厘米,筒状,直径约1-1.5厘米,长2-3.5厘米,白色而常有紫红色或黄色的彩晕。雄蕊4,内藏。子房上位,4室(云南西双版纳栽培植物可至8室),被柔毛。蒴果矩圆形,长2-3厘米,直径6-12毫米,有纵棱,直立,被毛,分裂至中部或至基部。种子有黑白之分。花期夏末秋初。
分布(Distribution):原产印度,我国汉时引入,我国南北均有栽培。
用途(Use):芝麻种子含油分55%,除供食用外,又可榨油,油供食用及妇女涂头发之用,亦供药、用,作为软膏基础剂、粘滑剂、解毒剂。种子有黑白二种之分,黑者称黑脂麻,白者称为白脂麻;黑脂麻为含有脂肪油类之缓和性滋养强壮剂,有滋润营养之功,对于高血压也有治疗的功效。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 18 Page 226
Sesamum indicum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 634. 1753.
芝麻 zhi ma| Pedaliaceae | Sesamum
Sesamum orientale Linnaeus.
Herbs annual, erect, to 1.2 m tall. Stems branched or unbranched, 4-angled, finely pubescent to glabrescent. Leaves opposite or alternate; petiole 3-11 cm on lower leaves; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, variously 3-parted, 4-20 X 2-10 cm; upper stem leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, 0.5-2.5 cm wide, base cuneate, margin entire. Flowers white, pink, or mauve-pink with darker markings. Calyx persistent. Corolla 1.5-3.3 cm. Capsule narrowly oblong, rounded at base, 1.5-3 cm X 6-7 mm; beak broad, short. Seeds horizontally arranged, double fringe conspicuous; testa white, brown, or black when ripe, smooth. 2n = 26*.
Widely cultivated in China as a crop for seed oil; origin uncertain, cultivated worldwide, especially in tropical countries.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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