玉米Zea mays
中文名（Chinese Name）：玉米
学名（Scientific Name）：Zea mays L.
英文名（English Common Name）：corn
别名（Chinese Common Name）：玉蜀黍、包谷
异名（Synonym）：Zea odontosperma Ten. Zea altissima J.F.Gmel. ex Steud. Zea minor J.F.Gmel. ex Steud. Zea macrosperma Klotzsch Zea praecox Steud. Zea mays var. virginica Bonaf. Zea cryptosperma Bonaf. Zea mays var. pensylvanica Bonaf. Zea erythrolepis Bonaf. Zea mays subsp. ceratina (Kuleshov) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. everta (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. huehuetenangensis (Iltis & Doebley) Doebley Zea mays var. praecox Torr. Zea mays subsp. amylacea (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. amyleosaccharata (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. saccharata (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. indurata (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. indentata (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea oryzoides Golosk. Zea mays var. multicoloramylacea Yarchuk Zea mays var. striatiamylacea Leizerson Zea mays var. subnigroviolacea T.A.Yarchuk Zea minima Voss Zea mays subsp. obtusa Golosk. Zea mays subsp. acuminata Golosk. Zea mays subsp. aorista (Greb.) Golosk. Zea vittata Voss Zea mays var. hirta (Bonaf.) Alef. Zea gigantea Voss Zea gracillima Voss Zea mexicana subsp. parviglumis (Iltis & Doebley) Greb. Zea tunicata (A.St.Hil.) Sturtev. ex L.H.Bailey Zea japonica Van Houtte Zea mays var. ceratina Kuleshov Zea mays var. japonica (Van Houtte) Alph.Wood Zea mays subsp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley Zea mays var. huehuetenangensis Iltis & Doebley Mayzea cerealis Raf. Mayzea vestita Raf. Mays vulgaris Ser. Zea segetalis Salisb. Mayzea cerealis var. gigantea Raf. Zea indurata Sturtev. Zea indentata Sturtev. Zea hirta Bonaf. Zea mays var. tunicata A.St.Hil. Zea mays var. everta (Sturtev.) L.H.Bailey Zea amyleosaccharata Sturtev. ex L.H.Bailey Zea saccharata Sturtev. Zea mays var. saccharata (Sturtev.) L.H.Bailey Zea amylacea Sturtev. Zea mays var. indentata (Sturtev.) L.H.Bailey Zea canina S.Watson Zea mucronata Poit. ex Vilm. Zea rostrata Bonaf. Mays americana Baumg. Zea mays var. variegata G.Nicholson Zea mays f. variegata (G.Nicholson) Beetle Thalysia mays (L.) Kuntze Zea everta Sturtev. Zea vulgaris Mill. Mays zea Gaertn. Zea americana Mill. Zea alba Mill. Zea curagua Molina Zea mays f. hanakibi Makino Zea vaginata Sturtev. Zea glumacea Larranaga
科属（Family & Genus）：禾本科（Gramineae）玉蜀黍属
形态特征（Description）：一年生高大草本。秆直立，通常不分枝，高1-4米，基部各节具气生支柱根。叶鞘具横脉；叶舌膜质，长约2毫米；叶片扁平宽大，线状披针形，基部圆形呈耳状，无毛或具疵柔毛，中脉粗壮，边缘微粗糙。顶生雄性圆锥花序大型，主轴与总状花序轴及其腋间均被细柔毛；雄性小穗孪生，长达1厘米，小穗柄一长一短，分别长1-2毫米及2-4毫米，被细柔毛；两颖近等长，膜质，约具10脉，被纤毛；外稃及内稃透明膜质，稍短于颖；花药橙黄色；长约5毫米。雌花序被多数宽大的鞘状苞片所包藏；雌小穗孪生，成16-30纵行排列于粗壮之序轴上，两颖等长，宽大，无脉，具纤毛；外稃及内稃透明膜质，雌蕊具极长而细弱的线形花柱。颖果球形或扁球形，成熟后露出颖片和稃片之外，其大小随生长条件不同产生差异，一般长5-10毫米，宽略过于其长，胚长为颖果的1/2-2/3。染色体2n=20，40，80 （Sarma et Sharma，1986；Molina，1986）。花果期秋季。
分布（Distribution）：我国各地均有栽培，全世界热带和温带地区广泛种植。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 22 Page 650
Zea mays Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 971. 1753.
玉蜀黍 yu shu shu | Poaceae | Zea
Culms erect, 1–4 m tall. Leaf sheaths with transverse veinlets; leaf blades 50–90 × 3–12 cm, glabrous or with tubercle-based hairs, margins scabrid, midvein stout; ligule ca. 2 mm. Female inflorescence a cylindrical "cob," with 16–30 rows of spikelets; glumes equal, veinless, margins ciliate; florets hyaline. Male inflorescence a "tassel" of many digitate racemes; spikelets 9–14 mm, unequally pedicellate, one pedicel 1–2 mm, the other 2–4 mm; glumes subequal, membranous, lower ca. 10-veined, margins ciliate, upper 7-veined; lower lemma and palea hyaline, subequal; upper lemma smaller than lower. Anthers orange, ca. 5 mm. Fl. and fr. summer–autumn. 2n = 20, 40, 80.
Widely cultivated in China [originating in America; widely cultivated elsewhere].
This plant (maize, corn) was first domesticated in Central America about 7000 years ago and is now the third most important crop in the world. The many cultivars are grown for cereal or forage, and it is also an important source of oil, syrup, and alcohol.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Zea mays L.
英文名（English Common Name）：corn
别名（Chinese Common Name）：玉蜀黍、包谷
异名（Synonym）：Zea odontosperma Ten. Zea altissima J.F.Gmel. ex Steud. Zea minor J.F.Gmel. ex Steud. Zea macrosperma Klotzsch Zea praecox Steud. Zea mays var. virginica Bonaf. Zea cryptosperma Bonaf. Zea mays var. pensylvanica Bonaf. Zea erythrolepis Bonaf. Zea mays subsp. ceratina (Kuleshov) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. everta (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. huehuetenangensis (Iltis & Doebley) Doebley Zea mays var. praecox Torr. Zea mays subsp. amylacea (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. amyleosaccharata (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. saccharata (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. indurata (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea mays subsp. indentata (Sturtev.) Zhuk. Zea oryzoides Golosk. Zea mays var. multicoloramylacea Yarchuk Zea mays var. striatiamylacea Leizerson Zea mays var. subnigroviolacea T.A.Yarchuk Zea minima Voss Zea mays subsp. obtusa Golosk. Zea mays subsp. acuminata Golosk. Zea mays subsp. aorista (Greb.) Golosk. Zea vittata Voss Zea mays var. hirta (Bonaf.) Alef. Zea gigantea Voss Zea gracillima Voss Zea mexicana subsp. parviglumis (Iltis & Doebley) Greb. Zea tunicata (A.St.Hil.) Sturtev. ex L.H.Bailey Zea japonica Van Houtte Zea mays var. ceratina Kuleshov Zea mays var. japonica (Van Houtte) Alph.Wood Zea mays subsp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley Zea mays var. huehuetenangensis Iltis & Doebley Mayzea cerealis Raf. Mayzea vestita Raf. Mays vulgaris Ser. Zea segetalis Salisb. Mayzea cerealis var. gigantea Raf. Zea indurata Sturtev. Zea indentata Sturtev. Zea hirta Bonaf. Zea mays var. tunicata A.St.Hil. Zea mays var. everta (Sturtev.) L.H.Bailey Zea amyleosaccharata Sturtev. ex L.H.Bailey Zea saccharata Sturtev. Zea mays var. saccharata (Sturtev.) L.H.Bailey Zea amylacea Sturtev. Zea mays var. indentata (Sturtev.) L.H.Bailey Zea canina S.Watson Zea mucronata Poit. ex Vilm. Zea rostrata Bonaf. Mays americana Baumg. Zea mays var. variegata G.Nicholson Zea mays f. variegata (G.Nicholson) Beetle Thalysia mays (L.) Kuntze Zea everta Sturtev. Zea vulgaris Mill. Mays zea Gaertn. Zea americana Mill. Zea alba Mill. Zea curagua Molina Zea mays f. hanakibi Makino Zea vaginata Sturtev. Zea glumacea Larranaga
科属（Family & Genus）：禾本科（Gramineae）玉蜀黍属
形态特征（Description）：一年生高大草本。秆直立，通常不分枝，高1-4米，基部各节具气生支柱根。叶鞘具横脉；叶舌膜质，长约2毫米；叶片扁平宽大，线状披针形，基部圆形呈耳状，无毛或具疵柔毛，中脉粗壮，边缘微粗糙。顶生雄性圆锥花序大型，主轴与总状花序轴及其腋间均被细柔毛；雄性小穗孪生，长达1厘米，小穗柄一长一短，分别长1-2毫米及2-4毫米，被细柔毛；两颖近等长，膜质，约具10脉，被纤毛；外稃及内稃透明膜质，稍短于颖；花药橙黄色；长约5毫米。雌花序被多数宽大的鞘状苞片所包藏；雌小穗孪生，成16-30纵行排列于粗壮之序轴上，两颖等长，宽大，无脉，具纤毛；外稃及内稃透明膜质，雌蕊具极长而细弱的线形花柱。颖果球形或扁球形，成熟后露出颖片和稃片之外，其大小随生长条件不同产生差异，一般长5-10毫米，宽略过于其长，胚长为颖果的1/2-2/3。染色体2n=20，40，80 （Sarma et Sharma，1986；Molina，1986）。花果期秋季。
分布（Distribution）：我国各地均有栽培，全世界热带和温带地区广泛种植。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 22 Page 650
Zea mays Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 971. 1753.
玉蜀黍 yu shu shu | Poaceae | Zea
Culms erect, 1–4 m tall. Leaf sheaths with transverse veinlets; leaf blades 50–90 × 3–12 cm, glabrous or with tubercle-based hairs, margins scabrid, midvein stout; ligule ca. 2 mm. Female inflorescence a cylindrical "cob," with 16–30 rows of spikelets; glumes equal, veinless, margins ciliate; florets hyaline. Male inflorescence a "tassel" of many digitate racemes; spikelets 9–14 mm, unequally pedicellate, one pedicel 1–2 mm, the other 2–4 mm; glumes subequal, membranous, lower ca. 10-veined, margins ciliate, upper 7-veined; lower lemma and palea hyaline, subequal; upper lemma smaller than lower. Anthers orange, ca. 5 mm. Fl. and fr. summer–autumn. 2n = 20, 40, 80.
Widely cultivated in China [originating in America; widely cultivated elsewhere].
This plant (maize, corn) was first domesticated in Central America about 7000 years ago and is now the third most important crop in the world. The many cultivars are grown for cereal or forage, and it is also an important source of oil, syrup, and alcohol.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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