荠Capsella bursa-pastoris
中文名（Chinese Name）：荠
学名（Scientific Name）：Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linn.) Medic.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：荠菜
异名（Synonym）：Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L. Bursa djurdjurae Shull Bursa fracticruris Borbás Bursa grandiflora Kuntze Bursa nana (Baumg.) Borbás Bursa occidentalis Shull Bursa orientalis Shull Bursa pastoris Weber Bursa penarthae Shull Bursa rubella Druce Bursa tuscaloosae Shull Bursa viguieri Shull Capsella agrestis Jord. Capsella alpestris Miégev. Capsella apetala Opiz Capsella batavorum E.B. Almq. Capsella concava E.B. Almq. Capsella heegeri Solms. Capsella hyrcana Grossh. Capsella lycia Stapf Capsella mediterranea E.B. Almq. Capsella patagonica E.B. Almq. Capsella penarthae (Shull) Wilmott Capsella polymorpha Cav. Capsella ruderalis Jord. Capsella stenocarpa (Crép.) Timb.-Lagr. Capsella treviorum E.B. Almq. Capsella turoniensis E.B. Almq. Capsella viguieri Blaringhem Lepidium bursa-pastoris (L.) Willd. Nasturtium bursa-pastoris (L.) Roth Solmsiella heegeri (Solms-Laub.) Borbás Capsella bursa-pastoris subsp. bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Capsella bursa-pastoris subsp. eu-bursa Briq. Capsella bursa-pastoris subsp. occidentalis (Shull) Maire Capsella bursa-pastoris var. bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. integrifolia DC. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. minuta Post Bursa abscissa (E.G.Almg.) Druce Bursa alandica (Almq.) Druce Bursa anglica (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa astoris Weber Bursa batavorum (Almq.) Druce Bursa belgica (Almq.) Druce Bursa bremensis (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa brittonii (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa bursa-pastoris var. heteris Shull Bursa bursa-pastoris var. integrifolia Farw. Bursa bursa-pastoris var. minor Farw. Bursa bursa-pastoris var. rhomboidea Shull Bursa bursa-pastoris var. simplex (Hus) Shull Bursa bursa-pastoris var. tenuis Shull Bursa concava (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa divaricata Kuntze Bursa druceana (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa gallica (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa germanica (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa grossa (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa heegeri (Solms) Shull Bursa hiatula (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa integrella (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa laevigata (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa mediterranea (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa occidentalis subsp. madeirae Shull Bursa occidentalis var. concava Shull Capsella austriaca Sennen Capsella autumnalis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella belgica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bicuspis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bifida Raf. Capsella biformis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bottnica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bremensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella brevisiliqua (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella brittonii (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa Raf. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. aestivalis E.B.Almq. Bursa origo (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa patagonica (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa pergrossa (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa robusta (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa sinuosa (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa sublaevigata (Almq.) Druce Bursa trevirorum (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa turoniensis (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa viminalis (Almq.) Druce Capsella bursa-pastoris f. arachnoidea Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. attenuata Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. coronopifolia (DC.) Jovan.-Dunj. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. coronopus E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. crassior E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. orbicularis Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. pinnatifida (Schltr.) Jovan.-Dunj. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. prionophylla E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. prostrata E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. rhomboidea Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. serrata E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. setchelliana Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. simplex Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. treleaseana Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. ventosa E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. auriculata Makino Capsella bursa-pastoris var. brachycarpa Heldr. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. coronopifolia DC. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. pinnata Makino Capsella bursa-pastoris var. pinnatifida Schltdl. Capsella foliosa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella frigida (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella fucorum (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella furcata Raf. Capsella galicica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella gallica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella germanica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella gothica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella gotlandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella gracilescens (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella grossa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella grossotriangularis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella hanseatica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella abscissa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella acutifolia Raf. Capsella aestivalis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella agrestis-rubella Paill. Capsella alandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella algida (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella altissima (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella amblodes Raf. Capsella angermannica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella anglica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella angustiloba (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. rubriflora Muschl. Capsella calmariensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella caucasica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cavata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella collina (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella compacta (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella convexiformis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cordata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cordigera (?stman) Almq. Capsella coroncpus (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cuneiformis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cuneolata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella curvisiliqua (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cuspidata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella dentata Raf. Capsella denticulata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella difformis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella diodonta (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella divaricata Walp. Capsella druceana (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella elegans (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella emarginata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella erecta Walp. Capsella exotica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella faucialis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella helsingica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella herjedalica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella hians (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella hiatula (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella hiemalis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella humilis Rouy & Foucaud Capsella incisura (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella integrella (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella jemtlandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella jeniseiensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella kyphosa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lacerata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella laevigata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lanceolatocaspica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella latisiliqua (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella laxa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lenaensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella leptoloba (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella linearis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lingulata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lobulata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella longiracemosa Sennen Capsella longirostris (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella longisiliqua (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lulensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lutetiana (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella macroclada (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella matura (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella microcarpa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella monasterialis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella nanella (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella nylandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella obovata (?stman) Almq. Capsella obtusa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella odontophylla (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella oelandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella origo (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella oviculata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella ovifera (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella pastoralis Dulac Capsella pastoris Rupr. Capsella perconcava (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella perdentata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella pergrossa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella perhians (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella perversa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella pinnata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella pinnatofoliosa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella poimenobalantion St.-Lag. Capsella praecox Jord. Capsella praematura (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella prionophylla (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella provincialis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella querceti (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella ramselensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella rhenana Almq. Capsella rhombea (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella robusta (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella rubelliformis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella rubelloagrestis Paill. Capsella rubiginosa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella sabulosa Jord. Capsella salinula (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella savonica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella scanica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella scoliocaspica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella segetum (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella seleniaca (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella semilobata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella semirubella (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella sinuatolinearis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella sinuosa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella smolandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subalgida (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subalpina (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subarctica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subbergiana (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subcanescens (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subcavata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subseleniaca (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella tenella (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella tenera (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella tenerescens (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella tibelensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella tjustiana (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella trevirorum (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella triangularis St.-Lag. Capsella umensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella ursina (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella varia (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella vestrogothica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella viaria (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella viarum (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella viminalis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella virgata Jord. Capsella viridis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Crucifera capsella E.H.L.Krause Iberis bursa-pastoris (L.) Crantz Opizia bursoides Raf. Rodschiedia bursa-pastoris P.Gaertn.，B.Mey. & Scherb. Thlaspi cuneatum Stokes Thlaspi infestum Salisb. Thlaspi polymorphum Gilib. Thlaspi schrankii J.F.Gmel.
科属（Family & Genus）：十字花科Cruciferae荠属Capsella
形态特征（Description）：一年或二年生草本，高 (7-) 10-50厘米，无毛、有单毛或分叉毛；茎直立，单一或从下部分枝。基生叶丛生呈莲座状，大头羽状分裂，长可达12厘米，宽可达2.5厘米，顶裂片卵形至长圆形，长5-30毫米，宽2-20毫米，侧裂片3-8对，长圆形至卵形，长5-15毫米，顶端渐尖，浅裂、或有不规则粗锯齿或近全缘，叶柄长5-40毫米；茎生叶窄披针形或披针形，长5-6.5毫米，宽2-15毫米，基部箭形，抱茎，边缘有缺刻或锯齿。总状花序顶生及腋生，果期延长达20厘米；花梗长3-8毫米；萼片长圆形，长1.5-2毫米；花瓣白色，卵形，长2-3毫米，有短爪。短角果倒三角形或倒心状三角形，长5-8毫米，宽4-7毫米，扁平，无毛，顶端微凹，裂瓣具网脉；花柱长约0.5毫米；果梗长5-15毫米。种子2行，长椭圆形，长约1毫米，浅褐色。花果期4-6月。
分布（Distribution）：分布几遍全国；全世界温带地区广布。野生，偶有栽培。生在山坡、田边及路旁。
用途（Use）：全草入药，有利尿、止血、清热、明目、消积功效；茎叶作蔬菜食用；种子含油20-30％，属干性油，供制油漆及肥皂用。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 8 Page 43
Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linnaeus) Medikus, Pfl.-Gatt. 85. 1792.
荠 qi| Brassicaceae | Capsella
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Credit: Photo: Al-Shehbaz
Thlaspi bursa-pastoris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 647. 1753; for more than 250 synonyms, see Index Kewensis.
Herbs (2-)10-50(-70) cm tall, sparsely to densely pubescent with sessile, 3-5-rayed stellate trichomes often mixed near base of plant with much longer simple trichomes. Stems erect, simple or branched. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 0.5-4(-6) cm; leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, (0.5-)1.5-10(-15) × 0.2-2.5(-5) cm, base cuneate or attenuate, margin pinnatisect, pinnatifid, runcinate, lyrate, dentate, repand, or entire, apex acute or acuminate. Cauline leaves sessile, sagittate, amplexicaul, or rarely auriculate, narrowly oblong, lanceolate, or linear, 1-5.5 (-8) cm × 1-15(-20) mm, margin entire or dentate. Fruiting pedicels (0.3-)0.5-1.5(-2) cm, divaricate, usually straight, slender, glabrous. Sepals green or reddish, oblong, 1.5-2 × 0.7-1 mm, margin membranous. Petals white, rarely pinkish or yellowish, obovate, (1.5-)2-4(-5) × 1-1.5 mm. Filaments white, 1-2 mm; anthers ovate, to 0.5 mm. Fruit (3-)4-9(-10) × (2-)3-7(-9) mm, flat, base cuneate, apex emarginate or truncate; valves with subparallel lateral veins, glabrous; style 0.2-0.7 mm. Seeds brown, oblong, 0.9-1.1 × 0.4-0.6 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr-Jul. 2n = 16, 32*.
Roadsides, gardens, fields, waste areas, mountain slopes. Throughout China [native to SW Asia and Europe; naturalized elsewhere as a cosmopolitan weed].
This species is used as a vegetable and in the treatment of eye diseases and dysentery. It is the second most common weed on Earth.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linn.) Medic.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：荠菜
异名（Synonym）：Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L. Bursa djurdjurae Shull Bursa fracticruris Borbás Bursa grandiflora Kuntze Bursa nana (Baumg.) Borbás Bursa occidentalis Shull Bursa orientalis Shull Bursa pastoris Weber Bursa penarthae Shull Bursa rubella Druce Bursa tuscaloosae Shull Bursa viguieri Shull Capsella agrestis Jord. Capsella alpestris Miégev. Capsella apetala Opiz Capsella batavorum E.B. Almq. Capsella concava E.B. Almq. Capsella heegeri Solms. Capsella hyrcana Grossh. Capsella lycia Stapf Capsella mediterranea E.B. Almq. Capsella patagonica E.B. Almq. Capsella penarthae (Shull) Wilmott Capsella polymorpha Cav. Capsella ruderalis Jord. Capsella stenocarpa (Crép.) Timb.-Lagr. Capsella treviorum E.B. Almq. Capsella turoniensis E.B. Almq. Capsella viguieri Blaringhem Lepidium bursa-pastoris (L.) Willd. Nasturtium bursa-pastoris (L.) Roth Solmsiella heegeri (Solms-Laub.) Borbás Capsella bursa-pastoris subsp. bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Capsella bursa-pastoris subsp. eu-bursa Briq. Capsella bursa-pastoris subsp. occidentalis (Shull) Maire Capsella bursa-pastoris var. bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. integrifolia DC. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. minuta Post Bursa abscissa (E.G.Almg.) Druce Bursa alandica (Almq.) Druce Bursa anglica (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa astoris Weber Bursa batavorum (Almq.) Druce Bursa belgica (Almq.) Druce Bursa bremensis (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa brittonii (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa bursa-pastoris var. heteris Shull Bursa bursa-pastoris var. integrifolia Farw. Bursa bursa-pastoris var. minor Farw. Bursa bursa-pastoris var. rhomboidea Shull Bursa bursa-pastoris var. simplex (Hus) Shull Bursa bursa-pastoris var. tenuis Shull Bursa concava (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa divaricata Kuntze Bursa druceana (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa gallica (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa germanica (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa grossa (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa heegeri (Solms) Shull Bursa hiatula (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa integrella (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa laevigata (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa mediterranea (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa occidentalis subsp. madeirae Shull Bursa occidentalis var. concava Shull Capsella austriaca Sennen Capsella autumnalis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella belgica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bicuspis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bifida Raf. Capsella biformis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bottnica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bremensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella brevisiliqua (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella brittonii (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa Raf. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. aestivalis E.B.Almq. Bursa origo (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa patagonica (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa pergrossa (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa robusta (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa sinuosa (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa sublaevigata (Almq.) Druce Bursa trevirorum (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa turoniensis (E.G.Almq.) Druce Bursa viminalis (Almq.) Druce Capsella bursa-pastoris f. arachnoidea Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. attenuata Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. coronopifolia (DC.) Jovan.-Dunj. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. coronopus E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. crassior E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. orbicularis Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. pinnatifida (Schltr.) Jovan.-Dunj. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. prionophylla E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. prostrata E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. rhomboidea Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. serrata E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris f. setchelliana Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. simplex Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. treleaseana Hus Capsella bursa-pastoris f. ventosa E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. auriculata Makino Capsella bursa-pastoris var. brachycarpa Heldr. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. coronopifolia DC. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. pinnata Makino Capsella bursa-pastoris var. pinnatifida Schltdl. Capsella foliosa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella frigida (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella fucorum (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella furcata Raf. Capsella galicica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella gallica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella germanica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella gothica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella gotlandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella gracilescens (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella grossa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella grossotriangularis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella hanseatica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella abscissa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella acutifolia Raf. Capsella aestivalis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella agrestis-rubella Paill. Capsella alandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella algida (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella altissima (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella amblodes Raf. Capsella angermannica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella anglica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella angustiloba (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella bursa-pastoris var. rubriflora Muschl. Capsella calmariensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella caucasica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cavata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella collina (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella compacta (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella convexiformis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cordata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cordigera (?stman) Almq. Capsella coroncpus (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cuneiformis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cuneolata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella curvisiliqua (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella cuspidata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella dentata Raf. Capsella denticulata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella difformis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella diodonta (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella divaricata Walp. Capsella druceana (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella elegans (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella emarginata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella erecta Walp. Capsella exotica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella faucialis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella helsingica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella herjedalica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella hians (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella hiatula (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella hiemalis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella humilis Rouy & Foucaud Capsella incisura (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella integrella (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella jemtlandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella jeniseiensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella kyphosa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lacerata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella laevigata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lanceolatocaspica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella latisiliqua (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella laxa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lenaensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella leptoloba (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella linearis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lingulata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lobulata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella longiracemosa Sennen Capsella longirostris (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella longisiliqua (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lulensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella lutetiana (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella macroclada (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella matura (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella microcarpa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella monasterialis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella nanella (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella nylandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella obovata (?stman) Almq. Capsella obtusa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella odontophylla (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella oelandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella origo (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella oviculata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella ovifera (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella pastoralis Dulac Capsella pastoris Rupr. Capsella perconcava (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella perdentata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella pergrossa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella perhians (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella perversa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella pinnata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella pinnatofoliosa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella poimenobalantion St.-Lag. Capsella praecox Jord. Capsella praematura (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella prionophylla (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella provincialis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella querceti (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella ramselensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella rhenana Almq. Capsella rhombea (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella robusta (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella rubelliformis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella rubelloagrestis Paill. Capsella rubiginosa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella sabulosa Jord. Capsella salinula (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella savonica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella scanica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella scoliocaspica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella segetum (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella seleniaca (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella semilobata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella semirubella (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella sinuatolinearis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella sinuosa (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella smolandica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subalgida (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subalpina (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subarctica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subbergiana (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subcanescens (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subcavata (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella subseleniaca (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella tenella (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella tenera (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella tenerescens (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella tibelensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella tjustiana (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella trevirorum (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella triangularis St.-Lag. Capsella umensis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella ursina (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella varia (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella vestrogothica (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella viaria (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella viarum (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella viminalis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Capsella virgata Jord. Capsella viridis (E.B.Almq.) E.B.Almq. Crucifera capsella E.H.L.Krause Iberis bursa-pastoris (L.) Crantz Opizia bursoides Raf. Rodschiedia bursa-pastoris P.Gaertn.，B.Mey. & Scherb. Thlaspi cuneatum Stokes Thlaspi infestum Salisb. Thlaspi polymorphum Gilib. Thlaspi schrankii J.F.Gmel.
科属（Family & Genus）：十字花科Cruciferae荠属Capsella
形态特征（Description）：一年或二年生草本，高 (7-) 10-50厘米，无毛、有单毛或分叉毛；茎直立，单一或从下部分枝。基生叶丛生呈莲座状，大头羽状分裂，长可达12厘米，宽可达2.5厘米，顶裂片卵形至长圆形，长5-30毫米，宽2-20毫米，侧裂片3-8对，长圆形至卵形，长5-15毫米，顶端渐尖，浅裂、或有不规则粗锯齿或近全缘，叶柄长5-40毫米；茎生叶窄披针形或披针形，长5-6.5毫米，宽2-15毫米，基部箭形，抱茎，边缘有缺刻或锯齿。总状花序顶生及腋生，果期延长达20厘米；花梗长3-8毫米；萼片长圆形，长1.5-2毫米；花瓣白色，卵形，长2-3毫米，有短爪。短角果倒三角形或倒心状三角形，长5-8毫米，宽4-7毫米，扁平，无毛，顶端微凹，裂瓣具网脉；花柱长约0.5毫米；果梗长5-15毫米。种子2行，长椭圆形，长约1毫米，浅褐色。花果期4-6月。
分布（Distribution）：分布几遍全国；全世界温带地区广布。野生，偶有栽培。生在山坡、田边及路旁。
用途（Use）：全草入药，有利尿、止血、清热、明目、消积功效；茎叶作蔬菜食用；种子含油20-30％，属干性油，供制油漆及肥皂用。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 8 Page 43
Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linnaeus) Medikus, Pfl.-Gatt. 85. 1792.
荠 qi| Brassicaceae | Capsella
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Credit: Photo: Al-Shehbaz
Thlaspi bursa-pastoris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 647. 1753; for more than 250 synonyms, see Index Kewensis.
Herbs (2-)10-50(-70) cm tall, sparsely to densely pubescent with sessile, 3-5-rayed stellate trichomes often mixed near base of plant with much longer simple trichomes. Stems erect, simple or branched. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 0.5-4(-6) cm; leaf blade oblong or oblanceolate, (0.5-)1.5-10(-15) × 0.2-2.5(-5) cm, base cuneate or attenuate, margin pinnatisect, pinnatifid, runcinate, lyrate, dentate, repand, or entire, apex acute or acuminate. Cauline leaves sessile, sagittate, amplexicaul, or rarely auriculate, narrowly oblong, lanceolate, or linear, 1-5.5 (-8) cm × 1-15(-20) mm, margin entire or dentate. Fruiting pedicels (0.3-)0.5-1.5(-2) cm, divaricate, usually straight, slender, glabrous. Sepals green or reddish, oblong, 1.5-2 × 0.7-1 mm, margin membranous. Petals white, rarely pinkish or yellowish, obovate, (1.5-)2-4(-5) × 1-1.5 mm. Filaments white, 1-2 mm; anthers ovate, to 0.5 mm. Fruit (3-)4-9(-10) × (2-)3-7(-9) mm, flat, base cuneate, apex emarginate or truncate; valves with subparallel lateral veins, glabrous; style 0.2-0.7 mm. Seeds brown, oblong, 0.9-1.1 × 0.4-0.6 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr-Jul. 2n = 16, 32*.
Roadsides, gardens, fields, waste areas, mountain slopes. Throughout China [native to SW Asia and Europe; naturalized elsewhere as a cosmopolitan weed].
This species is used as a vegetable and in the treatment of eye diseases and dysentery. It is the second most common weed on Earth.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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