柳叶鬼针草Bidens cernua
中文名（Chinese Name）：柳叶鬼针草
学名（Scientific Name）：Bidens cernua Linn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Bidens leptomeria Greene Bidens filamentosa Rydb. Coreopsis ridens Bidens macounii Greene Coreopsis quadricornis Krock. Bidens gracilenta Greene Bidens cusickii Greene Bidens ciliolata Greene Bidens glaucescens Greene Buphthalmum nutans Vitman Bidens kelloggii Greene Bidens lonchophylla Greene Bidens prionophylla Greene Bidens leptopoda Greene Bidens venosa Bidens dentata (Nutt.) Wiegand Bidens minima Huds. Bidens cernua var. bidens (L.) Farw. Bidens cernua var. coreopsis Pursh Bidens cernua var. discoidea Wimm. & Grab. Bidens cernua var. elatior Torr. ex Greene Bidens cernua var. ligulata Bonnet Bidens cernua var. monocephala Zersi ex Fiori Bidens cernua var. nana Wimm. & Grab. Bidens cernua var. nutans osswald & Sagorski ex Sagorski Bidens cernua var. radiata Roth Bidens cernua var. rugosa Coss. & Germ. Bidens quadriaristata var. dentata Nutt. Bidens elliptica var. integra Wiegand Bidens elliptica var. minima (Huds.) Pursh Bidens elliptica var. oligodonta Fernald & H.St.John
科属（Family & Genus）：菊科Compositae鬼针草属Bidens
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，高10-90厘米。生于岸上的有明显的主茎，中上部分枝，节间较长；生于水中的常自基部分枝，节间短，主茎不明显。茎直立，近圆柱形，麦秆色或带紫色，无毛或嫩枝上有疏毛。叶对生，极少轮生，通常无柄，不分裂，披针形至条状披针形，长3-14 (22) 厘米，宽5-30毫米，先端渐尖，中部以下渐狭，基部半抱茎状，边缘具疏锯齿，两面稍粗糙，无毛。头状花序单生茎、枝端，连同总苞苞片直径达4厘米（不包括总苞片及舌状花，直径仅1-2厘米），高6-12毫米，开花时下垂，有较长的花序梗。总苞盘状，外层苞片5-8枚，条状披针形，长1.5-3厘米，叶状，内层苞片膜质，长椭圆形或倒卵形，开花时长6-8毫米，先端锐尖或钝，背面有黑色条纹，具黄色薄膜质边缘，无毛；托片条状披针形，约与瘦果等长，膜质，透明，先端带黄色，背面有数条褐色纵条纹。舌状花中性，舌片黄色，卵状椭圆形，长8-12毫米，宽3-5毫米，先端锐尖或有2-3个小齿，盘花两性，筒状，长约3毫米，花冠管细窄，长约1.5毫米，冠檐扩大呈壶状，顶端5齿裂。瘦果狭楔形，长5-6.5毫米，具4棱，棱上有倒刺毛，顶端芒刺4枚，长2-3毫米，有倒刺毛。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、华北及四川、云南、西藏等省区。多生于草甸及沼泽边缘，有时沉生于水中。广布于北美、欧洲和亚洲。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 857, 858
Bidens cernua Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753.
柳叶鬼针草 liu ye gui zhen cao| Asteraceae | Bidens
Bidens cernua var. elliptica Wiegand; B. cernua var. integra Wiegand; B. cernua var. minima (Hudson) Pursh; B. cernua var. oligodonta Fernald & H. St. John; B. cernua var. radiata Candolle; B. filamentosa Rydberg; B. glaucescens Greene; B. gracilenta Greene; B. minima Hudson; B. prionophylla Greene.
Annuals, 10-100 cm tall. Leaves sessile; blade ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, 40-100(-200) × (2-)5-25(-45) mm, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margin usually coarsely dentate to serrate, sometimes entire, sometimes ciliate, apex acute to acuminate. Capitula radiate, rarely discoid, solitary or in lax corymbs; peduncles 10-40(-100+) mm; calycular bracts (3-)5-8(-10), spreading to reflexed, oblong to linear-lanceolate, often ± leaflike, (3-)8-12(-25) mm, abaxially usually glabrous, bases sometimes hispidulous, margin usually ciliate; involucres hemispheric or broader, (3-)6-10 × (8-)12-20+ mm; phyllaries 6-8+, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2-10 mm. Ray florets usually 6-8, sometimes absent; lamina orange-yellow, 2-15(-18) mm. Disk florets (10-)40-100(-150+); corollas orange-yellow, 3-4 mm. Achenes blackish or brown, usually flattened, sometimes 4-angled, cuneate, outer (3-)5-6 mm, inner 4-8 mm, faces ± striate, glabrous or tuberculate-strigillose, margin thickened or winged, retrorsely ciliate, apices truncate to convex; pappus of (2-)4 retrorsely barbed awns (1-)2-4 mm. Fl. Aug-Oct. 2n = 24, 48.
Swamps, marshes, peat and sedge bogs, flood plains; sea level to 2300 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North America].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Bidens cernua Linn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Bidens leptomeria Greene Bidens filamentosa Rydb. Coreopsis ridens Bidens macounii Greene Coreopsis quadricornis Krock. Bidens gracilenta Greene Bidens cusickii Greene Bidens ciliolata Greene Bidens glaucescens Greene Buphthalmum nutans Vitman Bidens kelloggii Greene Bidens lonchophylla Greene Bidens prionophylla Greene Bidens leptopoda Greene Bidens venosa Bidens dentata (Nutt.) Wiegand Bidens minima Huds. Bidens cernua var. bidens (L.) Farw. Bidens cernua var. coreopsis Pursh Bidens cernua var. discoidea Wimm. & Grab. Bidens cernua var. elatior Torr. ex Greene Bidens cernua var. ligulata Bonnet Bidens cernua var. monocephala Zersi ex Fiori Bidens cernua var. nana Wimm. & Grab. Bidens cernua var. nutans osswald & Sagorski ex Sagorski Bidens cernua var. radiata Roth Bidens cernua var. rugosa Coss. & Germ. Bidens quadriaristata var. dentata Nutt. Bidens elliptica var. integra Wiegand Bidens elliptica var. minima (Huds.) Pursh Bidens elliptica var. oligodonta Fernald & H.St.John
科属（Family & Genus）：菊科Compositae鬼针草属Bidens
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，高10-90厘米。生于岸上的有明显的主茎，中上部分枝，节间较长；生于水中的常自基部分枝，节间短，主茎不明显。茎直立，近圆柱形，麦秆色或带紫色，无毛或嫩枝上有疏毛。叶对生，极少轮生，通常无柄，不分裂，披针形至条状披针形，长3-14 (22) 厘米，宽5-30毫米，先端渐尖，中部以下渐狭，基部半抱茎状，边缘具疏锯齿，两面稍粗糙，无毛。头状花序单生茎、枝端，连同总苞苞片直径达4厘米（不包括总苞片及舌状花，直径仅1-2厘米），高6-12毫米，开花时下垂，有较长的花序梗。总苞盘状，外层苞片5-8枚，条状披针形，长1.5-3厘米，叶状，内层苞片膜质，长椭圆形或倒卵形，开花时长6-8毫米，先端锐尖或钝，背面有黑色条纹，具黄色薄膜质边缘，无毛；托片条状披针形，约与瘦果等长，膜质，透明，先端带黄色，背面有数条褐色纵条纹。舌状花中性，舌片黄色，卵状椭圆形，长8-12毫米，宽3-5毫米，先端锐尖或有2-3个小齿，盘花两性，筒状，长约3毫米，花冠管细窄，长约1.5毫米，冠檐扩大呈壶状，顶端5齿裂。瘦果狭楔形，长5-6.5毫米，具4棱，棱上有倒刺毛，顶端芒刺4枚，长2-3毫米，有倒刺毛。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、华北及四川、云南、西藏等省区。多生于草甸及沼泽边缘，有时沉生于水中。广布于北美、欧洲和亚洲。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 857, 858
Bidens cernua Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753.
柳叶鬼针草 liu ye gui zhen cao| Asteraceae | Bidens
Bidens cernua var. elliptica Wiegand; B. cernua var. integra Wiegand; B. cernua var. minima (Hudson) Pursh; B. cernua var. oligodonta Fernald & H. St. John; B. cernua var. radiata Candolle; B. filamentosa Rydberg; B. glaucescens Greene; B. gracilenta Greene; B. minima Hudson; B. prionophylla Greene.
Annuals, 10-100 cm tall. Leaves sessile; blade ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, 40-100(-200) × (2-)5-25(-45) mm, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, margin usually coarsely dentate to serrate, sometimes entire, sometimes ciliate, apex acute to acuminate. Capitula radiate, rarely discoid, solitary or in lax corymbs; peduncles 10-40(-100+) mm; calycular bracts (3-)5-8(-10), spreading to reflexed, oblong to linear-lanceolate, often ± leaflike, (3-)8-12(-25) mm, abaxially usually glabrous, bases sometimes hispidulous, margin usually ciliate; involucres hemispheric or broader, (3-)6-10 × (8-)12-20+ mm; phyllaries 6-8+, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2-10 mm. Ray florets usually 6-8, sometimes absent; lamina orange-yellow, 2-15(-18) mm. Disk florets (10-)40-100(-150+); corollas orange-yellow, 3-4 mm. Achenes blackish or brown, usually flattened, sometimes 4-angled, cuneate, outer (3-)5-6 mm, inner 4-8 mm, faces ± striate, glabrous or tuberculate-strigillose, margin thickened or winged, retrorsely ciliate, apices truncate to convex; pappus of (2-)4 retrorsely barbed awns (1-)2-4 mm. Fl. Aug-Oct. 2n = 24, 48.
Swamps, marshes, peat and sedge bogs, flood plains; sea level to 2300 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North America].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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