斑叶堇菜Viola variegata
中文名（Chinese Name）：斑叶堇菜
学名（Scientific Name）：Viola variegata Fisch ex Link
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Viola variegata var. viridis Kitag. Viola baicalensis W. Becker Viola tenuicornis subsp. primorskajensis W. Becker Viola variegata f. viridis (Kitag.) P. Y. Fu et Y. C. Teng Viola ircutiana Turcz.
科属（Family & Genus）：堇菜科（Violaceae）堇菜属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，无地上茎，高3-12厘米。根状茎通常较短而细，长4-15毫米，节密生，具数条淡褐色或近白色长根。叶均基生，呈莲座状，叶片圆形或圆卵形，长1.2-5厘米，宽1-4.5厘米，先端圆形或钝，基部明显呈心形，边缘具平而圆的钝齿，上面暗绿色或绿色，沿叶脉有明显的白色斑纹，下面通常稍带紫红色，两面通常密被短粗毛，有时毛较稀疏或近无毛；叶柄长短不一，长1-7厘米，上部有极狭的翅或无翅，被短粗毛或近无毛；托叶淡绿色或苍白色，近膜质，2/3与叶柄合生，离生部分披针形，先端渐尖，边缘疏生流苏状腺齿。花红紫色或暗紫色，下部通常色较淡，长1.2-2.2厘米；花梗长短不等，超出于叶或较叶稍短，通常带紫红色，有短毛或近无毛，在中部有2枚线形的小苞片；萼片通常带紫色，长圆状披针形或卵状披针形，长5-6毫米，先端尖，具狭膜质边缘并被缘毛，具3脉，基部附属物较短，长1-1.5毫米，末端截形或疏生浅齿，上面被粗短毛或无毛；花瓣倒卵形，长7-14毫米，侧方花瓣里面基部有须毛，下方花瓣基部白色并有堇色条纹，连距长1.2-2.2厘米；距筒状，长3-8毫米，粗或较细，末端钝，直或稍向上弯；雄蕊的花药及药隔顶端附属物均各长约2毫米，下方2枚雄蕊的距细而长，长可达4毫米，粗约0.3毫米；子房近球形，通常有粗短毛，或近无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头两侧及后方明显增厚成直伸的缘边，前方有明显的短喙，喙端具向上开口的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形，长约7毫米，无毛或疏生短毛；幼果球形通常被短粗毛。种子淡褐色，小形，长约1.5毫米，附属物短。花期4月下旬至8月，果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、安徽，生于山坡草地、林下、灌丛中或阴处岩石缝隙中。朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯远东地区也有分布。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 77, 96
Viola variegata Fischer ex Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 240. 1821.
斑叶堇菜 ban ye jin cai| Violaceae | Viola
Viola tenuicornis W. Becker subsp. primorskajensis W. Becker; V. variegata f. viridis (Kitagawa) P. Y. Fu & Y. C. Teng; V. variegata var. viridis Kitagawa.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 3-12 cm tall. Rhizome usually short, 4-15 mm, slender, densely noded, with several whitish or brownish long roots. Leaves basal, rosulate; stipules greenish or glaucous, submembranous, 2/3 adnate to petioles, free part lanceolate, margin remotely glandular fimbriate-dentate, apex acuminate; petioles unequal in length, 1-7 cm, narrowly winged or wingless in upper part, with short stiff hairs or glabrous; leaf blade abaxially usually purplish red, adaxially dark green or green, white variegated (punctate-striate) along veins, orbicular, 1.2-5 × 1-4.5 cm, both surfaces often covered with short stiff hairs, sometimes sparsely hairy or subglabrous, base conspicuously cordate, margin obtusely dentate, apex rounded or obtuse. Flowers red-purple or dark purple, usually light colored in lower part, 1.2-2.2 cm; pedicels usually purplish red, unequal in length, exceeding or slightly shorter than leaves, shortly hairy or subglabrous, 2-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals usually purplish, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 mm, 3-veined, margin narrowly membranous or ciliate, apex acute, basal auricles shorter, 1-1.5 mm, with short stiff hairs or glabrous adaxially, apex truncate or remotely and shallowly dentate. Petals obovate, 7-14 mm, lateral ones sparsely bearded or glabrous, anterior one white and violet-striate at base, 1.2-2.2 cm (spur included); spur cylindric, 3-8 mm, robust or slender, apex obtuse, straight or slightly curved upward. Anthers and appendages of connectives ca. 2 mm; spur of 2 anterior stamens long, to 4 mm, slender, ca. 0.3 mm in diam. Ovary subglobose, usually with short stiff hairs or subglabrous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas conspicuously thickened on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, with a stigma hole open upward at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 7 mm, glabrous or sparsely short hairy, globose and usually with short stiff hairs when young. Seeds brownish, small, ca. 1.5 mm, shortly appendaged. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 24.
Grasslands on mountain slopes, forests, thickets, rock crevices in shaded places; 300-1700 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Viola variegata Fisch ex Link
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Viola variegata var. viridis Kitag. Viola baicalensis W. Becker Viola tenuicornis subsp. primorskajensis W. Becker Viola variegata f. viridis (Kitag.) P. Y. Fu et Y. C. Teng Viola ircutiana Turcz.
科属（Family & Genus）：堇菜科（Violaceae）堇菜属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，无地上茎，高3-12厘米。根状茎通常较短而细，长4-15毫米，节密生，具数条淡褐色或近白色长根。叶均基生，呈莲座状，叶片圆形或圆卵形，长1.2-5厘米，宽1-4.5厘米，先端圆形或钝，基部明显呈心形，边缘具平而圆的钝齿，上面暗绿色或绿色，沿叶脉有明显的白色斑纹，下面通常稍带紫红色，两面通常密被短粗毛，有时毛较稀疏或近无毛；叶柄长短不一，长1-7厘米，上部有极狭的翅或无翅，被短粗毛或近无毛；托叶淡绿色或苍白色，近膜质，2/3与叶柄合生，离生部分披针形，先端渐尖，边缘疏生流苏状腺齿。花红紫色或暗紫色，下部通常色较淡，长1.2-2.2厘米；花梗长短不等，超出于叶或较叶稍短，通常带紫红色，有短毛或近无毛，在中部有2枚线形的小苞片；萼片通常带紫色，长圆状披针形或卵状披针形，长5-6毫米，先端尖，具狭膜质边缘并被缘毛，具3脉，基部附属物较短，长1-1.5毫米，末端截形或疏生浅齿，上面被粗短毛或无毛；花瓣倒卵形，长7-14毫米，侧方花瓣里面基部有须毛，下方花瓣基部白色并有堇色条纹，连距长1.2-2.2厘米；距筒状，长3-8毫米，粗或较细，末端钝，直或稍向上弯；雄蕊的花药及药隔顶端附属物均各长约2毫米，下方2枚雄蕊的距细而长，长可达4毫米，粗约0.3毫米；子房近球形，通常有粗短毛，或近无毛，花柱棍棒状，基部稍膝曲，向上渐增粗，柱头两侧及后方明显增厚成直伸的缘边，前方有明显的短喙，喙端具向上开口的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形，长约7毫米，无毛或疏生短毛；幼果球形通常被短粗毛。种子淡褐色，小形，长约1.5毫米，附属物短。花期4月下旬至8月，果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、安徽，生于山坡草地、林下、灌丛中或阴处岩石缝隙中。朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯远东地区也有分布。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 77, 96
Viola variegata Fischer ex Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 240. 1821.
斑叶堇菜 ban ye jin cai| Violaceae | Viola
Viola tenuicornis W. Becker subsp. primorskajensis W. Becker; V. variegata f. viridis (Kitagawa) P. Y. Fu & Y. C. Teng; V. variegata var. viridis Kitagawa.
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 3-12 cm tall. Rhizome usually short, 4-15 mm, slender, densely noded, with several whitish or brownish long roots. Leaves basal, rosulate; stipules greenish or glaucous, submembranous, 2/3 adnate to petioles, free part lanceolate, margin remotely glandular fimbriate-dentate, apex acuminate; petioles unequal in length, 1-7 cm, narrowly winged or wingless in upper part, with short stiff hairs or glabrous; leaf blade abaxially usually purplish red, adaxially dark green or green, white variegated (punctate-striate) along veins, orbicular, 1.2-5 × 1-4.5 cm, both surfaces often covered with short stiff hairs, sometimes sparsely hairy or subglabrous, base conspicuously cordate, margin obtusely dentate, apex rounded or obtuse. Flowers red-purple or dark purple, usually light colored in lower part, 1.2-2.2 cm; pedicels usually purplish red, unequal in length, exceeding or slightly shorter than leaves, shortly hairy or subglabrous, 2-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals usually purplish, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 mm, 3-veined, margin narrowly membranous or ciliate, apex acute, basal auricles shorter, 1-1.5 mm, with short stiff hairs or glabrous adaxially, apex truncate or remotely and shallowly dentate. Petals obovate, 7-14 mm, lateral ones sparsely bearded or glabrous, anterior one white and violet-striate at base, 1.2-2.2 cm (spur included); spur cylindric, 3-8 mm, robust or slender, apex obtuse, straight or slightly curved upward. Anthers and appendages of connectives ca. 2 mm; spur of 2 anterior stamens long, to 4 mm, slender, ca. 0.3 mm in diam. Ovary subglobose, usually with short stiff hairs or subglabrous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate, gradually thickened upward; stigmas conspicuously thickened on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, with a stigma hole open upward at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 7 mm, glabrous or sparsely short hairy, globose and usually with short stiff hairs when young. Seeds brownish, small, ca. 1.5 mm, shortly appendaged. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 24.
Grasslands on mountain slopes, forests, thickets, rock crevices in shaded places; 300-1700 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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