白花败酱Patrinia villosa

中文名(Chinese Name):白花败酱
学名(Scientific Name):Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):攀倒甑
异名(Synonym):Patrinia graveolens Hance  Patrinia ovata Bunge  Patrinia dielsii Graebn.  Patrinia dielsii var. erosa Graebn.  Patrinia dielsii var. palustris Pamp.  Patrinia dielsii var. shensiensis Graebn.  Patrinia sinensis (H. Lév.) Koidz.  Patrinia villosa var. ambigua Pamp.  Patrinia villosa var. japonica H. Lév.  Patrinia villosa var. sinensis H. Lév.
科属(Family & Genus):败酱科(Valerianaceae)败酱属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,高50-100 (120) 厘米;地下根状茎长而横走,偶在地表匍匐生长;茎密被白色倒生粗毛或仅沿二叶柄相连的侧面具纵列倒生短粗伏毛,有时几无毛。基生叶丛生,叶片卵形、宽卵形或卵状披针形至长圆状披针形,长4-10 (-25) 厘米,宽2-5 (-18) 厘米,先端渐尖,边缘具粗钝齿,基部楔形下延,不分裂或大头羽状深裂,常有1-2(有3-4)对生裂片,叶柄较叶片稍长;茎生叶对生,与基生叶同形,或菱状卵形,先端尾状渐尖或渐尖,基部楔形下延,边缘具粗齿,上部叶较窄小,常不分裂,上面均鲜绿色或浓绿色,背面绿白色,两面被糙伏毛或近无毛;叶柄长1-3厘米,上部叶渐近无柄。由聚伞花序组成顶生圆锥花序或伞房花序,分枝达5-6级,花序梗密被长粗糙毛或仅二纵列粗糙毛;总苞叶卵状披针形至线状披针形或线形;花萼小,萼齿5,浅波状或浅钝裂状,长0.3-0.5毫米,被短糙毛,有时疏生腺毛;花冠钟形,白色,5深裂,裂片不等形,卵形、卵状长圆形或卵状椭圆形,长 (0.75-) 1.25-2毫米,宽1.1-1.65 (-1.75) 毫米,蜜囊顶端的裂片常较大,冠筒常比裂片稍长,长1.5-2.25 (-2.6) 毫米,宽1.7-2.3毫米,内面有长柔毛,筒基部一侧稍囊肿;雄蕊4,伸出;子房下位,花柱较雄蕊稍短。瘦果倒卵形,与宿存增大苞片贴生;果苞倒卵形、卵形、倒卵状长圆形或椭圆形,有时圆形,长 (2.8-) 4-5.5 (-6.5) 毫米,宽 (2.5-) 4-5.5 (-8) 毫米,顶端钝圆,不分裂或微3裂,基部楔形或钝,网脉明显,具主脉2条,极少有3条的,下面中部2主脉内有微糙毛。花期8-10月,果期9-11月。
分布(Distribution):产台湾、江苏、浙江、江西、安徽、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、贵州和四川,生于海拔50--2000 米的山地林下、林缘或灌丛中、草丛中。分布于日本。
用途(Use):本种根茎及根有陈腐臭味,为消炎利尿药,全草药用与败酱 P. scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trev. 相同。民间常以嫩苗作蔬菜食用,也作猪饲料用。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 19 Page 662, 665 
Patrinia villosa (Thunberg) Dufresne, Hist. Nat. Valér. 54. 1811.
攀倒甑 pan dao zeng| Valerianaceae  | Patrinia
Herbs, perennial or biennial, 50-120 cm tall, rhizomatous or rarely stoloniferous. Stems with 2 bilateral, hispidulous lines, rarely uniformly hispidulous or glabrescent. Basal leaves rosulate, long petiolate; blade ovate, broadly ovate, or oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 4-25 × 2-18 cm, base decurrent, margin serrate or pinnatifid, with 1 or 2(-4) pairs of segments, apex acuminate. Cauline leaves petiolate; petiole 1-3 cm, upper leaves subsessile; blade similar to basal leaves or rhombic-ovate, hispidulous or glabrescent, base decurrent, margin coarsely serrate, apex caudate-acuminate or acuminate. Inflorescence paniculiform or corymbiform, lateral branches in 5 or 6 pairs, densely hirsute; involucral bracts ovate-lanceolate to linear. Calyx small, hispidulous, sometimes sparsely glandular hairy; limb sinuous; lobes 0.3-0.5 mm. Corolla white, campanulate; tube 1.5-2.6 × 1.7-2.3 mm, deeply 5-lobed; lobes dissimilar in shape, ovate, ovate-oblong, or ovate-elliptic, 0.7-2 × 1.1-1.8 mm. Stamens 4, exserted. Style shorter than stamens. Achenes obovoid; bracteoles obovate, ovate, obovate-oblong, or elliptic, sometimes orbicular, 2.8-6.5 × 2.5-8 mm, hispidulous between 2 main veins, 2(or 3)-veined, base cuneate or rounded, apex rounded, entire or slightly 3-lobed. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Sep-Nov. 2n = 44.
Forests, forest margins, thickets, grassy areas, roadsides; below 100-2000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, SE Liaoning, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan].
 白花败酱Patrinia villosa

白花败酱Patrinia villosa

白花败酱Patrinia villosa
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