黑蕊虎耳草Saxifraga melanocentra
中文名（Chinese Name）：黑蕊虎耳草
学名（Scientific Name）：Saxifraga melanocentra Franch.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：黑心虎耳草
异名（Synonym）：Saxifraga sulphurascens Hand.-Mazz. Saxifraga pseudopallida Engl. et Irmsch. Saxifraga pseudopallida f. bracteata Engl. et Irmscher Saxifraga pseudopallida f. foliosa Engl. et Irmscher Saxifraga paludosa J. Anthony Saxifraga atrata var. subcorymbosa Engl. Saxifraga melanocentra f. angustispathulata Engl. Saxifraga melanocentra f. franchetiana Engl. et Irmscher Saxifraga melanocentra f. pluriflora Engl. et Irmscher Micranthes melanocentra (Franch.) Losinsk. Micranthes pseudopallida (Engl. et Irmsch.) Losinsk. Saxifraga pseudopallida f. bellidifolia Engl. & Irmsch.
科属（Family & Genus）：虎耳草科（Saxifragaceae）虎耳草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高3.5-22厘米。根状茎短。叶均基生，具柄，叶片卵形、菱状卵形、阔卵形、狭卵形至长圆形，长0.8-4厘米，宽0.7-1.9厘米，先端急尖或稍钝，边缘具圆齿状锯齿和腺睫毛，或无毛，基部楔形，稀心形，两面疏生柔毛或无毛；叶柄长0.7-3.6厘米，疏生柔毛。花葶被卷曲腺柔毛；苞叶卵形、椭圆形至长圆形，长5-15毫米，宽1.1-11毫米，先端急尖，全缘或具齿，基部楔形，稀宽楔形，两面无毛或疏生柔毛。聚伞花序伞房状，长1.5-8.5厘米，具2-17花；稀单花；萼片在花期开展或反曲，三角状卵形至狭卵形。长2.9-6.5毫米，宽1.2-3毫米，先端钝或渐尖，无毛或疏生柔毛，具3-8脉，脉于先端汇合成1疣点；花瓣白色，稀红色至紫红色，基部具2黄色斑点，或基部红色至紫红色，阔卵形、卵形至椭圆形，长3-6.1毫米，宽2.1-5毫米，先端钝或微凹，基部狭缩成长0.5-1毫米之爪，3-9（-14）脉；雄蕊长2.2-5.5毫米，花药黑色，花丝钻形；花盘环形；2心皮黑紫色，中下部合生；子房阔卵球形，长2.8-4毫米，花柱2，长0.5-3毫米。花果期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、青海、四川、云南，生于海拔3000-5300米的高山灌丛、高山草甸和高山碎山隙。尼泊尔、印度也有。
用途（Use）：花和枝叶入药；甘、温，无毒；补血，散瘀，治眼病。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 8 Page 283
Saxifraga melanocentra Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot). 10: 263. 1896.
黑蕊虎耳草 hei rui hu er cao| Saxifragaceae | Saxifraga
Micranthes melanocentra (Franchet) Losinskaja; M. pseudopallida (Engler & Irmscher) Losinskaja; Saxifraga atrata Engler var. subcorymbosa Engler; S. gageana W. W. Smith (1911), not Engler & Irmscher (1912); S. melanocentra f. angustispathulata Engler; S. melanocentra f. franchetiana Engler & Irmscher; S. melanocentra f. pluriflora Engler & Irmscher; S. paludosa J. Anthony; S. pseudopallida Engler & Irmscher; S. pseudopallida f. bracteata Engler & Irmscher; S. pseudopallida f. foliosa Engler & Irmscher; S. sulphurascens Handel-Mazzetti.
Stem 3.5-22 cm tall, crisped glandular villous. Petiole 0.7-3.6 cm, pilose; leaf blade rhombic-ovate or broadly to narrowly ovate to oblong, 0.8-4 × 0.7-1.9 cm, both surfaces pilose or glabrous, base cuneate, rarely cordate, margin crenate-serrate, glandular ciliate, apex subobtuse or acute. Inflorescence corymbose, 1.5-8.5 cm, 2-17-flowered; bracts ovate or elliptic to oblong, 0.5-1.5 cm × 1.1-11 mm, both surfaces glabrous or pilose, base cuneate, rarely broadly so, margin entire or dentate, apex acute. Sepals spreading to reflexed, triangular-ovate to narrowly ovate, 2.9-6.5 × 1.2-3 mm, glabrous or pilose, veins 3-8, confluent into a verruca at apex, apex obtuse or acuminate. Petals white, rarely red to purple, proximally with 2 yellow spots, or base red to purple, broadly ovate or ovate to elliptic, 3-6.1 × 2.1-5 mm, 3-9(-14)-veined, base contracted into a claw 0.5-1 mm, apex obtuse or retuse. Stamens 2.2-5.5 mm; filaments linear; anthers black. Ovary semi-inferior, dark purple, broadly ovoid, 2.8-4 mm, with an obscurely lobed, annular nectary; styles 0.5-3 mm. Capsule ovoid, 7-11 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 22*, 66, 88, 99, 110.
Alpine scrub, meadows, rock crevices, streamsides, bogs; 3000-5300 m. S Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi (Taibai Shan), W Sichuan, NW Yunnan, Xizang [Bhutan, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim].
Saxifraga melanocentra, as circumscribed in the present account, is polymorphic. Some of the variation is apparently correlated with chromosome number, while some is possibly associated with putative hybrids with S. pallida. Plants from SW China are smaller and have better-developed nectary discs than their counterparts in Nepal. Preliminary cytological details have been published by Wakabayashi (Newsl. Himalayan Bot. 21: 9-13. 1997).
Two of the present authors (Gornall and Ohba) regard Saxifraga gageana and S. paludosa as distinct species of Micranthes.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Saxifraga melanocentra Franch.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：黑心虎耳草
异名（Synonym）：Saxifraga sulphurascens Hand.-Mazz. Saxifraga pseudopallida Engl. et Irmsch. Saxifraga pseudopallida f. bracteata Engl. et Irmscher Saxifraga pseudopallida f. foliosa Engl. et Irmscher Saxifraga paludosa J. Anthony Saxifraga atrata var. subcorymbosa Engl. Saxifraga melanocentra f. angustispathulata Engl. Saxifraga melanocentra f. franchetiana Engl. et Irmscher Saxifraga melanocentra f. pluriflora Engl. et Irmscher Micranthes melanocentra (Franch.) Losinsk. Micranthes pseudopallida (Engl. et Irmsch.) Losinsk. Saxifraga pseudopallida f. bellidifolia Engl. & Irmsch.
科属（Family & Genus）：虎耳草科（Saxifragaceae）虎耳草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高3.5-22厘米。根状茎短。叶均基生，具柄，叶片卵形、菱状卵形、阔卵形、狭卵形至长圆形，长0.8-4厘米，宽0.7-1.9厘米，先端急尖或稍钝，边缘具圆齿状锯齿和腺睫毛，或无毛，基部楔形，稀心形，两面疏生柔毛或无毛；叶柄长0.7-3.6厘米，疏生柔毛。花葶被卷曲腺柔毛；苞叶卵形、椭圆形至长圆形，长5-15毫米，宽1.1-11毫米，先端急尖，全缘或具齿，基部楔形，稀宽楔形，两面无毛或疏生柔毛。聚伞花序伞房状，长1.5-8.5厘米，具2-17花；稀单花；萼片在花期开展或反曲，三角状卵形至狭卵形。长2.9-6.5毫米，宽1.2-3毫米，先端钝或渐尖，无毛或疏生柔毛，具3-8脉，脉于先端汇合成1疣点；花瓣白色，稀红色至紫红色，基部具2黄色斑点，或基部红色至紫红色，阔卵形、卵形至椭圆形，长3-6.1毫米，宽2.1-5毫米，先端钝或微凹，基部狭缩成长0.5-1毫米之爪，3-9（-14）脉；雄蕊长2.2-5.5毫米，花药黑色，花丝钻形；花盘环形；2心皮黑紫色，中下部合生；子房阔卵球形，长2.8-4毫米，花柱2，长0.5-3毫米。花果期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、青海、四川、云南，生于海拔3000-5300米的高山灌丛、高山草甸和高山碎山隙。尼泊尔、印度也有。
用途（Use）：花和枝叶入药；甘、温，无毒；补血，散瘀，治眼病。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 8 Page 283
Saxifraga melanocentra Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot). 10: 263. 1896.
黑蕊虎耳草 hei rui hu er cao| Saxifragaceae | Saxifraga
Micranthes melanocentra (Franchet) Losinskaja; M. pseudopallida (Engler & Irmscher) Losinskaja; Saxifraga atrata Engler var. subcorymbosa Engler; S. gageana W. W. Smith (1911), not Engler & Irmscher (1912); S. melanocentra f. angustispathulata Engler; S. melanocentra f. franchetiana Engler & Irmscher; S. melanocentra f. pluriflora Engler & Irmscher; S. paludosa J. Anthony; S. pseudopallida Engler & Irmscher; S. pseudopallida f. bracteata Engler & Irmscher; S. pseudopallida f. foliosa Engler & Irmscher; S. sulphurascens Handel-Mazzetti.
Stem 3.5-22 cm tall, crisped glandular villous. Petiole 0.7-3.6 cm, pilose; leaf blade rhombic-ovate or broadly to narrowly ovate to oblong, 0.8-4 × 0.7-1.9 cm, both surfaces pilose or glabrous, base cuneate, rarely cordate, margin crenate-serrate, glandular ciliate, apex subobtuse or acute. Inflorescence corymbose, 1.5-8.5 cm, 2-17-flowered; bracts ovate or elliptic to oblong, 0.5-1.5 cm × 1.1-11 mm, both surfaces glabrous or pilose, base cuneate, rarely broadly so, margin entire or dentate, apex acute. Sepals spreading to reflexed, triangular-ovate to narrowly ovate, 2.9-6.5 × 1.2-3 mm, glabrous or pilose, veins 3-8, confluent into a verruca at apex, apex obtuse or acuminate. Petals white, rarely red to purple, proximally with 2 yellow spots, or base red to purple, broadly ovate or ovate to elliptic, 3-6.1 × 2.1-5 mm, 3-9(-14)-veined, base contracted into a claw 0.5-1 mm, apex obtuse or retuse. Stamens 2.2-5.5 mm; filaments linear; anthers black. Ovary semi-inferior, dark purple, broadly ovoid, 2.8-4 mm, with an obscurely lobed, annular nectary; styles 0.5-3 mm. Capsule ovoid, 7-11 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 22*, 66, 88, 99, 110.
Alpine scrub, meadows, rock crevices, streamsides, bogs; 3000-5300 m. S Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi (Taibai Shan), W Sichuan, NW Yunnan, Xizang [Bhutan, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim].
Saxifraga melanocentra, as circumscribed in the present account, is polymorphic. Some of the variation is apparently correlated with chromosome number, while some is possibly associated with putative hybrids with S. pallida. Plants from SW China are smaller and have better-developed nectary discs than their counterparts in Nepal. Preliminary cytological details have been published by Wakabayashi (Newsl. Himalayan Bot. 21: 9-13. 1997).
Two of the present authors (Gornall and Ohba) regard Saxifraga gageana and S. paludosa as distinct species of Micranthes.
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