条纹马先蒿Pedicularis lineata
中文名(Chinese Name):条纹马先蒿
学名(Scientific Name):Pedicularis lineata Franch. ex Maxim.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Pedicularis sparsissima P. C. Tsoong
科属(Family & Genus):玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)马先蒿属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,直立,一般高20-35厘米,高升的植株可达60厘米,干时不变黑色,草质。根多丛生,几不变粗,多少圆锥状而细,长3-7厘米,生有须状细根。茎单条或自根茎发出多条,中空,圆柱形,有条纹,沟中有成条之毛,久后几光滑,稻草色,不分枝,或下部上部均能分枝,枝细弱,对生或轮生。叶基生者早枯,有长而膜质之柄,长达15厘米;叶片圆卵形而小,长宽约仅7毫米,具裂片约3对,茎叶4枚轮生,中部者具长达6毫米的柄,上部者几无柄,叶片形状大小多变,心脏状卵圆形、椭圆状长圆形至线状长圆形,面有疏短腺毛,背面脉上有白色疏长毛,长0.7-6厘米,宽6-25毫米,生于茎的中部者最大,缘羽状浅裂至半裂,裂片卵形至长圆状卵形,每边5-8枚,有具短刺尖的重锯齿,有时齿端有胼胝而反卷,长自约1毫米起,达10毫米,宽亦可达7毫米。花序之轮多疏距,常全部有间断,但有时在较低矮的植株中上部者集成短穗状而密,长可达18厘米;苞片叶状,在稀疏的花序中常有长柄而作团扇状;花的大小多变;萼膜质,因花梗之端弯曲而使其口转指前方,长4-5.5毫米,卵圆形,前方不裂,脉5主5次共10条,明显但不很粗,沿脉有长柔毛,几无网脉或在萼齿附近有极疏的网结,齿5枚,后方1枚三角形而尖锐,其余4枚较大,作不同程度的卵形膨大,草质而暗绿色,在较大的花中宽达1毫米,多少有细齿而反卷,在小形的花中仅形成一小黑点;花冠紫红色,长15-18毫米,管纤细,约在距基部4毫米处而在萼口以30°角向前上方膝屈,然因萼口转向前方而花几成平展,甚或向下,上方一段长约4.5-5.5毫米,向喉部扩大,其程度亦不同,一般喉部宽约3毫米,但也有狭至2毫米和宽达5毫米者,下唇多丰满,长6-8毫米,宽8-10毫米,无缘毛,中裂仅稍小侧于裂,倒卵形,盔长3-4毫米,前缘基部稍扩大,宽2-2.5毫米,上部较狭,宽仅1.2-1.5毫米,顶多少圆凸,前额斜下,前缘之端稍稍凸出。雄蕊花丝着生于管的中下部,两对均无毛,药对接近而并生;柱头伸出。蒴果平展或稍稍偏向上方,三角状披针形而狭,长约10-13毫米,下线伸直或中部稍稍向上弓曲,上线徐徐斜下至近端处突然急斜成一斜截头,端有小刺尖;种子椭圆形,长1毫米,宽0.7毫米,暗棕色,有极微的颗粒状凸起而无明显的花纹。
分布(Distribution):产陕西南部、甘肃、经四川以达云南西北部,自此再达缅甸北部。生于海拔1900-4570米的林中或草地上。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 18 Page 150
Pedicularis lineata Franchet ex Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 32: 597. 1888.
条纹马先蒿 tiao wen ma xian hao| Scrophulariaceae | Pedicularis
Pedicularis sparsissima P. C. Tsoong.
Herbs perennial, 20--35(--60) cm tall, not drying black. Roots often cespitose, ± conical, slender. Stems 1 to several, erect, with 2--4 lines of hairs to glabrescent, unbranched basally but branched apically; branches slender, opposite or whorled. Leaves in whorls of 4. Basal leaves withering early; petiole to 15 cm; leaf blade ovate, barely 7 mm, pinnatifid; segments ca. 3 pairs, dentate. Stem leaf petiole ca. 6 mm to ± absent; leaf blade elliptic-oblong to linear-oblong or ovate, 0.7--6 X 0.6--2.5 cm, abaxially sparsely white villous along veins, adaxially sparsely glandular pubescent, pinnatifid; segments 5--8 pairs, ovate to oblong-ovate, margin double dentate, teeth callose. Inflorescences lax, to 18 cm; bracts often leaflike. Calyx ovate, 4--5.5 mm, membranous, slightly cleft anteriorly, villous along veins; lobes 5, unequal, serrate. Corolla purple-red, 1.5--1.8 cm; tube decurved, slender, expanded apically; galea 3--4 mm, 1.2--1.5 mm wide apically, ± rounded in front, apex slightly convex; lower lip 6--8 X 8--10 mm, middle lobe obovate, slightly smaller than lateral pair, glabrous. Filaments glabrous. Capsule triangular-lanceolate, 1--1.3 cm, apex acute. Seeds elliptic, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. Jul--Sep.
Forests, alpine meadows; 1900--4600 m. Gansu, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, NW Yunnan [N Myanmar].
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
学名(Scientific Name):Pedicularis lineata Franch. ex Maxim.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Pedicularis sparsissima P. C. Tsoong
科属(Family & Genus):玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)马先蒿属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,直立,一般高20-35厘米,高升的植株可达60厘米,干时不变黑色,草质。根多丛生,几不变粗,多少圆锥状而细,长3-7厘米,生有须状细根。茎单条或自根茎发出多条,中空,圆柱形,有条纹,沟中有成条之毛,久后几光滑,稻草色,不分枝,或下部上部均能分枝,枝细弱,对生或轮生。叶基生者早枯,有长而膜质之柄,长达15厘米;叶片圆卵形而小,长宽约仅7毫米,具裂片约3对,茎叶4枚轮生,中部者具长达6毫米的柄,上部者几无柄,叶片形状大小多变,心脏状卵圆形、椭圆状长圆形至线状长圆形,面有疏短腺毛,背面脉上有白色疏长毛,长0.7-6厘米,宽6-25毫米,生于茎的中部者最大,缘羽状浅裂至半裂,裂片卵形至长圆状卵形,每边5-8枚,有具短刺尖的重锯齿,有时齿端有胼胝而反卷,长自约1毫米起,达10毫米,宽亦可达7毫米。花序之轮多疏距,常全部有间断,但有时在较低矮的植株中上部者集成短穗状而密,长可达18厘米;苞片叶状,在稀疏的花序中常有长柄而作团扇状;花的大小多变;萼膜质,因花梗之端弯曲而使其口转指前方,长4-5.5毫米,卵圆形,前方不裂,脉5主5次共10条,明显但不很粗,沿脉有长柔毛,几无网脉或在萼齿附近有极疏的网结,齿5枚,后方1枚三角形而尖锐,其余4枚较大,作不同程度的卵形膨大,草质而暗绿色,在较大的花中宽达1毫米,多少有细齿而反卷,在小形的花中仅形成一小黑点;花冠紫红色,长15-18毫米,管纤细,约在距基部4毫米处而在萼口以30°角向前上方膝屈,然因萼口转向前方而花几成平展,甚或向下,上方一段长约4.5-5.5毫米,向喉部扩大,其程度亦不同,一般喉部宽约3毫米,但也有狭至2毫米和宽达5毫米者,下唇多丰满,长6-8毫米,宽8-10毫米,无缘毛,中裂仅稍小侧于裂,倒卵形,盔长3-4毫米,前缘基部稍扩大,宽2-2.5毫米,上部较狭,宽仅1.2-1.5毫米,顶多少圆凸,前额斜下,前缘之端稍稍凸出。雄蕊花丝着生于管的中下部,两对均无毛,药对接近而并生;柱头伸出。蒴果平展或稍稍偏向上方,三角状披针形而狭,长约10-13毫米,下线伸直或中部稍稍向上弓曲,上线徐徐斜下至近端处突然急斜成一斜截头,端有小刺尖;种子椭圆形,长1毫米,宽0.7毫米,暗棕色,有极微的颗粒状凸起而无明显的花纹。
分布(Distribution):产陕西南部、甘肃、经四川以达云南西北部,自此再达缅甸北部。生于海拔1900-4570米的林中或草地上。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 18 Page 150
Pedicularis lineata Franchet ex Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 32: 597. 1888.
条纹马先蒿 tiao wen ma xian hao| Scrophulariaceae | Pedicularis
Pedicularis sparsissima P. C. Tsoong.
Herbs perennial, 20--35(--60) cm tall, not drying black. Roots often cespitose, ± conical, slender. Stems 1 to several, erect, with 2--4 lines of hairs to glabrescent, unbranched basally but branched apically; branches slender, opposite or whorled. Leaves in whorls of 4. Basal leaves withering early; petiole to 15 cm; leaf blade ovate, barely 7 mm, pinnatifid; segments ca. 3 pairs, dentate. Stem leaf petiole ca. 6 mm to ± absent; leaf blade elliptic-oblong to linear-oblong or ovate, 0.7--6 X 0.6--2.5 cm, abaxially sparsely white villous along veins, adaxially sparsely glandular pubescent, pinnatifid; segments 5--8 pairs, ovate to oblong-ovate, margin double dentate, teeth callose. Inflorescences lax, to 18 cm; bracts often leaflike. Calyx ovate, 4--5.5 mm, membranous, slightly cleft anteriorly, villous along veins; lobes 5, unequal, serrate. Corolla purple-red, 1.5--1.8 cm; tube decurved, slender, expanded apically; galea 3--4 mm, 1.2--1.5 mm wide apically, ± rounded in front, apex slightly convex; lower lip 6--8 X 8--10 mm, middle lobe obovate, slightly smaller than lateral pair, glabrous. Filaments glabrous. Capsule triangular-lanceolate, 1--1.3 cm, apex acute. Seeds elliptic, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. Jul--Sep.
Forests, alpine meadows; 1900--4600 m. Gansu, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, NW Yunnan [N Myanmar].
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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