鸡眼梅花草Parnassia wightiana
中文名（Chinese Name）：鸡眼梅花草
学名（Scientific Name）：Parnassia wightiana Wall. ex Wight et Arn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：鸡肫梅花草、鸡肫梅
异名（Synonym）：Parnassia wightiana var. ornata (Wall. ex Arn.) Drude Parnassia ornata Wall. ex Arn.
科属（Family & Genus）：虎耳草科（Saxifragaceae）梅花草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高18-24 (-30) 厘米。根状茎粗大，块状，其上有残存褐色鳞片，下部和周围长出多数密集而细长的根。基生叶2-4，具长柄；叶片宽心形，长2.5-4 (-5) 厘米，宽3.8-5.5厘米，先端圆或有突尖头，基部弯缺深浅不等，呈微心形或心形，边薄，全缘，向外反卷，上面深绿色，下面淡绿色，有7-9条脉；叶柄长3-10 (-13) 厘米，扁平，两侧膜质，并有褐色小条点；托叶膜质，大部贴生于叶柄，边有疏的流苏状毛，早落。茎2-4 (-7)，近中部或偏上具单个茎生叶，与基生叶同形，边缘薄而形成一圈膜质，基部具多数长约1毫米铁锈色的附属物，有时结合成小片状膜，无柄半抱茎。花单生于茎顶，直径2-3.5厘米；萼片卵状披针形或卵形，长5-9毫米，宽3-5.5毫米，先端圆钝，边全缘，主脉明显，密被紫褐色小点，在其基部常有2-3条铁锈色附属物；花瓣白色，长圆形、倒卵形或似琴形，长8-11毫米，宽4-9毫米，先端急尖，基部楔形消失成长1.5-2.5毫米之爪，边缘上半部波状或齿状，稀深缺刻状，下半部（除去爪）具长流苏状毛，毛长可达5毫米；雄蕊5，花丝长5-7毫米，扁平，向基部加宽，先端尖，花药长约1.5毫米，长圆形，稍侧生；退化雄蕊5，长3-5毫米，扁平，5浅裂至中裂，裂片深度不超过1/2，偶在顶端有不明显腺体；子房倒卵球形，被褐色小点，花柱长约1.5毫米，先端3裂，裂片长圆形，花后反折。蒴果倒卵球形，褐色，具有多数种子；种子长圆形，褐色，有光泽。花期7-8月，果期9月开始。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、贵州、四川、云南和西藏，生于海拔600-2000米山谷疏林下、山坡杂草中、沟边和路边等处。印度北部至不丹也有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 8 Page 375
Parnassia wightiana Wallich ex Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 35. 1834.
鸡肫草 ji zhun cao| Saxifragaceae | Parnassia
Parnassia wightiana
Credit: Harvard University Herbaria
Parnassia ornata Wallich ex Arnott; P. wightiana var. ornata (Wallich ex Arnott) Drude.
Stems 2-4(-7), 18-24(-30) cm or less, with 1 leaf near middle or distally. Basal leaves 2-5; petiole 3-10(-13) cm; leaf blade abaxially greenish, adaxially green, subtriangular-ovate, ovate-cordate, broadly cordate, or reniform, 2.5-4(-5) × 3.8-6.3 cm, 7-9 veined, base deeply cordate to subcordate, truncate, or occasionally subtruncate, apex rounded, obtuse, or apiculate. Cauline leaf sessile, semiamplexicaul, similar to basal ones but sometimes smaller, often with several rusty brown appendages at base. Flower 1.5-4 cm in diam.; hypanthium shortly turbinate. Sepals densely purple-brown punctate on both surfaces, ovate-lanceolate, 5-9 × 3-3.5 mm, base often with several rusty brown appendages, margin entire, apex rounded-obtuse. Petals white, oblong, obovate, or subpandurate, 8-11 × 4-9 mm, base cuneate into a claw 1.5-2.5 mm, margin long fimbriate proximally, erose-dentate or rarely erose distally. Anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm; filaments 5-7 mm; staminodes flat, 3-5 mm, 5-lobed for up to 1/2 their length, lobes narrowly linear, occasionally with inconspicuous glands at apex. Ovary superior, densely small brown punctate, obovoid; style ca. 1.5 mm; stigma 3-lobed. Capsule obovoid. Seeds brown, glossy, oblong. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Sep. 2n = 36.
Open valley forests, valleys, grassy areas, roadsides; 600-2000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Sikkim, N Thailand].
Parnassia wightiana is a very variable species. Populations in E Sichuan have basal leaf blades usually reniform, wider than long, with base cordate, deeply cordate, or occasionally subtruncate, apex apiculate, flower (2-)4 cm in diam., and staminodes usually divided to the middle, rarely shallowly lobed. Populations in NE Yunnan have stems low, basal leaf blades mostly ovate-cordate, nearly as long as (rarely longer than) wide, smaller, with base cordate, flower 1.5-2.5 cm in diam., and staminodes divided to the middle. Other populations in C and NE Yunnan have basal leaf blades mostly reniform, with base often cordate and apex apiculate. Populations in Guangdong have stems of moderate height, basal leaf blades subtriangular-ovate, larger, with base usually truncate or occasionally subcordate, apex obtuse, and flower larger. Because intermediate forms occur in various regions, and the characters all show ± continuous variation, the varieties and forms described by some authors are difficult to distinguish. Therefore none is recognized in the present account.
This species is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Parnassia wightiana Wall. ex Wight et Arn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：鸡肫梅花草、鸡肫梅
异名（Synonym）：Parnassia wightiana var. ornata (Wall. ex Arn.) Drude Parnassia ornata Wall. ex Arn.
科属（Family & Genus）：虎耳草科（Saxifragaceae）梅花草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高18-24 (-30) 厘米。根状茎粗大，块状，其上有残存褐色鳞片，下部和周围长出多数密集而细长的根。基生叶2-4，具长柄；叶片宽心形，长2.5-4 (-5) 厘米，宽3.8-5.5厘米，先端圆或有突尖头，基部弯缺深浅不等，呈微心形或心形，边薄，全缘，向外反卷，上面深绿色，下面淡绿色，有7-9条脉；叶柄长3-10 (-13) 厘米，扁平，两侧膜质，并有褐色小条点；托叶膜质，大部贴生于叶柄，边有疏的流苏状毛，早落。茎2-4 (-7)，近中部或偏上具单个茎生叶，与基生叶同形，边缘薄而形成一圈膜质，基部具多数长约1毫米铁锈色的附属物，有时结合成小片状膜，无柄半抱茎。花单生于茎顶，直径2-3.5厘米；萼片卵状披针形或卵形，长5-9毫米，宽3-5.5毫米，先端圆钝，边全缘，主脉明显，密被紫褐色小点，在其基部常有2-3条铁锈色附属物；花瓣白色，长圆形、倒卵形或似琴形，长8-11毫米，宽4-9毫米，先端急尖，基部楔形消失成长1.5-2.5毫米之爪，边缘上半部波状或齿状，稀深缺刻状，下半部（除去爪）具长流苏状毛，毛长可达5毫米；雄蕊5，花丝长5-7毫米，扁平，向基部加宽，先端尖，花药长约1.5毫米，长圆形，稍侧生；退化雄蕊5，长3-5毫米，扁平，5浅裂至中裂，裂片深度不超过1/2，偶在顶端有不明显腺体；子房倒卵球形，被褐色小点，花柱长约1.5毫米，先端3裂，裂片长圆形，花后反折。蒴果倒卵球形，褐色，具有多数种子；种子长圆形，褐色，有光泽。花期7-8月，果期9月开始。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、贵州、四川、云南和西藏，生于海拔600-2000米山谷疏林下、山坡杂草中、沟边和路边等处。印度北部至不丹也有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 8 Page 375
Parnassia wightiana Wallich ex Wight & Arnott, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 35. 1834.
鸡肫草 ji zhun cao| Saxifragaceae | Parnassia
Parnassia wightiana
Credit: Harvard University Herbaria
Parnassia ornata Wallich ex Arnott; P. wightiana var. ornata (Wallich ex Arnott) Drude.
Stems 2-4(-7), 18-24(-30) cm or less, with 1 leaf near middle or distally. Basal leaves 2-5; petiole 3-10(-13) cm; leaf blade abaxially greenish, adaxially green, subtriangular-ovate, ovate-cordate, broadly cordate, or reniform, 2.5-4(-5) × 3.8-6.3 cm, 7-9 veined, base deeply cordate to subcordate, truncate, or occasionally subtruncate, apex rounded, obtuse, or apiculate. Cauline leaf sessile, semiamplexicaul, similar to basal ones but sometimes smaller, often with several rusty brown appendages at base. Flower 1.5-4 cm in diam.; hypanthium shortly turbinate. Sepals densely purple-brown punctate on both surfaces, ovate-lanceolate, 5-9 × 3-3.5 mm, base often with several rusty brown appendages, margin entire, apex rounded-obtuse. Petals white, oblong, obovate, or subpandurate, 8-11 × 4-9 mm, base cuneate into a claw 1.5-2.5 mm, margin long fimbriate proximally, erose-dentate or rarely erose distally. Anthers oblong, ca. 1.5 mm; filaments 5-7 mm; staminodes flat, 3-5 mm, 5-lobed for up to 1/2 their length, lobes narrowly linear, occasionally with inconspicuous glands at apex. Ovary superior, densely small brown punctate, obovoid; style ca. 1.5 mm; stigma 3-lobed. Capsule obovoid. Seeds brown, glossy, oblong. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Sep. 2n = 36.
Open valley forests, valleys, grassy areas, roadsides; 600-2000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Sikkim, N Thailand].
Parnassia wightiana is a very variable species. Populations in E Sichuan have basal leaf blades usually reniform, wider than long, with base cordate, deeply cordate, or occasionally subtruncate, apex apiculate, flower (2-)4 cm in diam., and staminodes usually divided to the middle, rarely shallowly lobed. Populations in NE Yunnan have stems low, basal leaf blades mostly ovate-cordate, nearly as long as (rarely longer than) wide, smaller, with base cordate, flower 1.5-2.5 cm in diam., and staminodes divided to the middle. Other populations in C and NE Yunnan have basal leaf blades mostly reniform, with base often cordate and apex apiculate. Populations in Guangdong have stems of moderate height, basal leaf blades subtriangular-ovate, larger, with base usually truncate or occasionally subcordate, apex obtuse, and flower larger. Because intermediate forms occur in various regions, and the characters all show ± continuous variation, the varieties and forms described by some authors are difficult to distinguish. Therefore none is recognized in the present account.
This species is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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