常山Dichroa febrifuga
中文名（Chinese Name）：常山
学名（Scientific Name）：Dichroa febrifuga Lour.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：白常山
异名（Synonym）：Cyanitis sylvatica Reinw. Dichroa febrifuga var. glabra S. Y. Hu Dichroa sylvatica (Reinw.) Merr. Cianitis sylvatica Reinw.
科属（Family & Genus）：虎耳草科（Saxifragaceae）常山属
形态特征（Description）：灌木，高1-2米；小视圆柱状或稍具四棱，无毛或被稀疏短柔毛，常呈紫红色。叶形状大小变异大，常椭圆形、倒卵形、椭圆状长圆形或披针形，长6-25厘米，宽2-10厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形，边缘具锯齿或粗齿，稀波状，两面绿色或一至两面紫色，无毛或仅叶脉被皱卷短柔毛，稀下面被长柔毛，侧脉每边8-10条，网脉稀疏；叶柄长1.5-5厘米，无毛或疏被毛。伞房状圆锥花序顶生，有时叶腋有侧生花序，直径3-20厘米，花蓝色或白色；花蕾倒卵形，盛开时直径6-10毫米；花梗长3-5毫米；花萼倒圆锥形，4-6裂；裂片阔三角形，急尖，无毛或被毛；花瓣长圆状椭圆形，稍肉质，花后反折；雄蕊10-20枚，一半与花瓣对生，花丝线形，扁平，初与花瓣合生，后分离，花药椭圆形；花柱4（5-6），棒状，柱头长圆形，子房3/4下位。浆果直径3-7毫米，蓝色，干时黑色；种子长约1毫米，具网纹。花期2-4月，果期5-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产华东、华南、西南、陕西、甘肃、湖北、湖南，生于海拔200-2000米阴湿林中。东南亚、琉球群岛亦有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 8 Page 405
Dichroa febrifuga Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 301. 1790.
常山 chang shan| Saxifragaceae | Dichroa
?Cyanitis sylvatica Reinwardt ex Blume; ?Dichroa sylvatica (Reinwardt ex Blume) Merrill.
Shrubs 1-2 m tall. Branchlets, petioles, and veins glabrous or crisped pubescent. Petiole 1.5-5 cm; leaf blade sometimes purplish abaxially, elliptic, obovate, elliptic-oblong, or lanceolate, 6-25 × 2-10 cm, papery, abaxially glabrous or crisped pubescent along veins, rarely sparsely hirsute, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 8-10 on both sides of midvein, base cuneate, margin serrate to coarsely so, rarely undulate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescence a corymbose panicle, 3-20 cm. Flower buds obovoid, 6-10 mm; pedicel 3-5 mm. Calyx lobes 4-6, broadly deltoid, apex acute. Petals reflexed at maturity, blue or white, oblong-elliptic, slightly fleshy. Stamens 10-20; filaments connate when young, free at maturity, filiform; anthers ellipsoid. Ovary inferior to 3/4 so. Styles 4(-6), clavate; stigma oblong. Berry dark blue when mature, 3-7 mm in diam. Seeds ca. l mm. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. May-Aug.
Mixed forests on mountain slopes or in valleys; 200-2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang [Bhutan, Cambodia, N India, ?Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].
Dichroa sylvatica, from Indonesia, may be synonymous with D. febrifuga.
Dichroa febrifuga is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Dichroa febrifuga Lour.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：白常山
异名（Synonym）：Cyanitis sylvatica Reinw. Dichroa febrifuga var. glabra S. Y. Hu Dichroa sylvatica (Reinw.) Merr. Cianitis sylvatica Reinw.
科属（Family & Genus）：虎耳草科（Saxifragaceae）常山属
形态特征（Description）：灌木，高1-2米；小视圆柱状或稍具四棱，无毛或被稀疏短柔毛，常呈紫红色。叶形状大小变异大，常椭圆形、倒卵形、椭圆状长圆形或披针形，长6-25厘米，宽2-10厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形，边缘具锯齿或粗齿，稀波状，两面绿色或一至两面紫色，无毛或仅叶脉被皱卷短柔毛，稀下面被长柔毛，侧脉每边8-10条，网脉稀疏；叶柄长1.5-5厘米，无毛或疏被毛。伞房状圆锥花序顶生，有时叶腋有侧生花序，直径3-20厘米，花蓝色或白色；花蕾倒卵形，盛开时直径6-10毫米；花梗长3-5毫米；花萼倒圆锥形，4-6裂；裂片阔三角形，急尖，无毛或被毛；花瓣长圆状椭圆形，稍肉质，花后反折；雄蕊10-20枚，一半与花瓣对生，花丝线形，扁平，初与花瓣合生，后分离，花药椭圆形；花柱4（5-6），棒状，柱头长圆形，子房3/4下位。浆果直径3-7毫米，蓝色，干时黑色；种子长约1毫米，具网纹。花期2-4月，果期5-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产华东、华南、西南、陕西、甘肃、湖北、湖南，生于海拔200-2000米阴湿林中。东南亚、琉球群岛亦有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 8 Page 405
Dichroa febrifuga Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 301. 1790.
常山 chang shan| Saxifragaceae | Dichroa
?Cyanitis sylvatica Reinwardt ex Blume; ?Dichroa sylvatica (Reinwardt ex Blume) Merrill.
Shrubs 1-2 m tall. Branchlets, petioles, and veins glabrous or crisped pubescent. Petiole 1.5-5 cm; leaf blade sometimes purplish abaxially, elliptic, obovate, elliptic-oblong, or lanceolate, 6-25 × 2-10 cm, papery, abaxially glabrous or crisped pubescent along veins, rarely sparsely hirsute, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 8-10 on both sides of midvein, base cuneate, margin serrate to coarsely so, rarely undulate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescence a corymbose panicle, 3-20 cm. Flower buds obovoid, 6-10 mm; pedicel 3-5 mm. Calyx lobes 4-6, broadly deltoid, apex acute. Petals reflexed at maturity, blue or white, oblong-elliptic, slightly fleshy. Stamens 10-20; filaments connate when young, free at maturity, filiform; anthers ellipsoid. Ovary inferior to 3/4 so. Styles 4(-6), clavate; stigma oblong. Berry dark blue when mature, 3-7 mm in diam. Seeds ca. l mm. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. May-Aug.
Mixed forests on mountain slopes or in valleys; 200-2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang [Bhutan, Cambodia, N India, ?Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].
Dichroa sylvatica, from Indonesia, may be synonymous with D. febrifuga.
Dichroa febrifuga is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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