白鲜Dictamnus dasycarpus
中文名(Chinese Name):白鲜
学名(Scientific Name):Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):山牡丹、羊蹄草
异名(Synonym):Dictamnus albus L.
科属(Family & Genus):芸香科(Rutaceae)白鲜属
形态特征(Description):茎基部木质化的多年生宿根草本,高40-100厘米。根斜生,肉质粗长,淡黄白色。茎直立,幼嫩部分密被长毛及水泡状凸起的油点。叶有小叶9-13片,小叶对生,无柄,位于顶端的一片则具长柄,椭圆至长圆形,长3-12厘米,宽1-5厘米,生于叶轴上部的较大,叶缘有细锯齿,叶脉不甚明显,中脉被毛,成长叶的毛逐渐脱落;叶轴有甚狭窄的冀叶。总状花序长可达30厘米;花梗长1-1.5厘米;苞片狭披针形;萼片长6-8毫米,宽2-3毫米;花瓣白带淡紫红色或粉红带深紫红色脉纹,倒披针形,长2-2.5厘米,宽5-8毫米;雄蕊伸出于花瓣外;萼片及花瓣均密生透明油点。成熟的果(蓇葖)沿腹缝线开裂为5个分果瓣,每分果瓣又深裂为2小瓣,瓣的顶角短尖,内果皮蜡黄色,有光泽,每分果瓣有种子2-3粒;种子阔卵形或近圆球形,长3-4毫米,厚约3毫米,光滑。花期5月,果期8-9月。
分布(Distribution):产东北、华北、河南、山西、宁夏、甘肃、陕西、新疆、安徽、江苏、江西、四川等省区,生于丘陵土坡或平地灌木丛中或草地或疏林下。朝鲜、蒙古、俄罗斯也有。
用途(Use):李时珍《本草纲目》中的白鲜注释:“鲜者,羊之气也,此草根白色,作羊膻气,其子累累如椒”。根皮制干后称为白鲜皮,是中药。味苦,性寒。祛风除湿,清热解毒,杀虫,止痒。治风湿性关节炎、外伤出血、荨麻疹等。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 11 Page 75
Dictamnus dasycarpus Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou. 15: 637. 1842.
白鲜 bai xian| Rutaceae | Dictamnus
Aquilegia fauriei H. Léveillé; Dictamnus albus Linnaeus subsp. dasycarpus (Turczaninow) L. Winter; D. albus var. dasycarpus (Turczaninow) T. N. Liou & Y. H. Chang.
Plants 40-100 cm tall. Younger stems, leaves, and inflorescences pubescent or sparsely so; leaflet blades with scattered pellucid oil glands. Leaves 7-13-foliolate; rachis marginate to narrowly winged; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or oblong, 3-12 × 1-5 cm, lateral ones opposite and sessile but ter-minal one petiolulate, secondary veins ± inconspicuous, margin crenulate. Inflorescences, flowers, and follicles with opaque dark brown globose to ellipsoid sessile or stalked glands. Inflorescences compound racemose, to 30 cm. Pedicel 1-1.5 cm. Sepals 6-8 × 2-3 mm. Petals pinkish white to pink, with purplish stripes, oblanceolate, 2-2.5 × 0.5-0.8 cm. Stamens exserted. Fruit follicles 1-2 cm, usually with a stylar beak and apical abaxial beak. Fl. May, fr. Aug-Sep.
Hill slopes, flat areas in thickets, grassy open forests. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
学名(Scientific Name):Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):山牡丹、羊蹄草
异名(Synonym):Dictamnus albus L.
科属(Family & Genus):芸香科(Rutaceae)白鲜属
形态特征(Description):茎基部木质化的多年生宿根草本,高40-100厘米。根斜生,肉质粗长,淡黄白色。茎直立,幼嫩部分密被长毛及水泡状凸起的油点。叶有小叶9-13片,小叶对生,无柄,位于顶端的一片则具长柄,椭圆至长圆形,长3-12厘米,宽1-5厘米,生于叶轴上部的较大,叶缘有细锯齿,叶脉不甚明显,中脉被毛,成长叶的毛逐渐脱落;叶轴有甚狭窄的冀叶。总状花序长可达30厘米;花梗长1-1.5厘米;苞片狭披针形;萼片长6-8毫米,宽2-3毫米;花瓣白带淡紫红色或粉红带深紫红色脉纹,倒披针形,长2-2.5厘米,宽5-8毫米;雄蕊伸出于花瓣外;萼片及花瓣均密生透明油点。成熟的果(蓇葖)沿腹缝线开裂为5个分果瓣,每分果瓣又深裂为2小瓣,瓣的顶角短尖,内果皮蜡黄色,有光泽,每分果瓣有种子2-3粒;种子阔卵形或近圆球形,长3-4毫米,厚约3毫米,光滑。花期5月,果期8-9月。
分布(Distribution):产东北、华北、河南、山西、宁夏、甘肃、陕西、新疆、安徽、江苏、江西、四川等省区,生于丘陵土坡或平地灌木丛中或草地或疏林下。朝鲜、蒙古、俄罗斯也有。
用途(Use):李时珍《本草纲目》中的白鲜注释:“鲜者,羊之气也,此草根白色,作羊膻气,其子累累如椒”。根皮制干后称为白鲜皮,是中药。味苦,性寒。祛风除湿,清热解毒,杀虫,止痒。治风湿性关节炎、外伤出血、荨麻疹等。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 11 Page 75
Dictamnus dasycarpus Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou. 15: 637. 1842.
白鲜 bai xian| Rutaceae | Dictamnus
Aquilegia fauriei H. Léveillé; Dictamnus albus Linnaeus subsp. dasycarpus (Turczaninow) L. Winter; D. albus var. dasycarpus (Turczaninow) T. N. Liou & Y. H. Chang.
Plants 40-100 cm tall. Younger stems, leaves, and inflorescences pubescent or sparsely so; leaflet blades with scattered pellucid oil glands. Leaves 7-13-foliolate; rachis marginate to narrowly winged; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or oblong, 3-12 × 1-5 cm, lateral ones opposite and sessile but ter-minal one petiolulate, secondary veins ± inconspicuous, margin crenulate. Inflorescences, flowers, and follicles with opaque dark brown globose to ellipsoid sessile or stalked glands. Inflorescences compound racemose, to 30 cm. Pedicel 1-1.5 cm. Sepals 6-8 × 2-3 mm. Petals pinkish white to pink, with purplish stripes, oblanceolate, 2-2.5 × 0.5-0.8 cm. Stamens exserted. Fruit follicles 1-2 cm, usually with a stylar beak and apical abaxial beak. Fl. May, fr. Aug-Sep.
Hill slopes, flat areas in thickets, grassy open forests. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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