花荵Polemonium caeruleum

中文名(Chinese Name):花荵
学名(Scientific Name):Polemonium caeruleum L.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):鱼翅菜、电灯花
异名(Synonym):Polemonium coeruleum Linn.  Polemonium laxiflorum (Regel) Kitam.  Polemonium pulchellum [Polemonium pulchellum Turcz.
科属(Family & Genus):花荵科(Polemoniaceae)花荵属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,根匍匐,圆柱状,多纤维状须根。茎直立,高0.5-1米,无毛或被疏柔毛。羽状复叶互生,茎下部叶长可达20多厘米,茎上部叶长7-14厘米,小叶互生,11-21片,长卵形至披针形,长1.5-4厘米,宽0.5-1.4厘米,顶端锐尖或渐尖,基部近圆形,全缘,两面有疏柔毛或近无毛,无小叶柄;叶柄长1.5-8厘米,生下部者长,上部具短叶柄或无柄,与叶轴同被疏柔毛或近无毛。聚伞圆锥花序顶生或上部叶腋生,疏生多花;花梗长3-5(-10)毫米,连同总梗密生短的或疏长腺毛;花萼钟状,长5-8毫米,被短的或疏长腺毛,裂片长卵形、长圆形或卵状披针形,顶端锐尖或钝头,稀钝圆,与萼筒近相等长;花冠紫蓝色,钟状,长1-1.8厘米,裂片倒卵形,顶端圆或偶有渐狭或略尖,边缘有疏或密的缘毛或无缘毛;雄蕊着生于花冠筒基部之上,通常与花冠近等长,花药卵圆形,花丝基部簇生黄白色柔毛;子房球形,柱头稍伸出花冠之外。蒴果卵形,长5-7毫米。种子褐色,纺锤形,长3-3.5毫米,种皮具有膨胀性的粘液细胞,干后膜质似种子有翅。
分布(Distribution):产我国东北数省及河北、山西、内蒙古、新疆、云南西北部,海拔1000-3700米的山坡草丛、山谷疏林下等多种生境。欧洲温带,亚洲和北美也有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 16 Page 326   
Polemonium caeruleum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 162. 1753.
花荵 hua ren| Polemoniaceae  | Polemonium
Stems erect, 30-100 cm, glabrous or sparsely glandular-pubescent above middle. Leaves pinnately compound, 7-14(-25) cm, gradually reduced upward, distal leaves ± sessile; petiole 1.5-8 cm; leaflets 11-27, ovate to lanceolate, 1-4 cm 2-14 mm, glabrous to sparsely pilose. Pedicel 3-5(-10) mm, puberulent to villous, trichomes often minutely glandular. Calyx 5-8 mm; lobes ca. as long as tube, oblong to lanceolate, apex obtuse to acuminate. Corolla violet to blue-violet, broadly campanulate, 1-2 cm; lobes obovate, margin glabrous to sparsely ciliate, apex rounded to ± acute. Stamens ca. as long as corolla, rarely shorter or longer than corolla. Style longer than stamens, slightly exserted. Capsule 5-7 mm. Seeds brown, 3-3.5 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 14, 18 + 0-1B.
Streambanks or moist sites in meadows, open slopes, open sites in forests; (1000-)1700-3700 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, NW Yunnan [India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia; Europe, North America]
 花荵Polemonium caeruleum

花荵Polemonium caeruleum

花荵Polemonium caeruleum
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