驴蹄草Caltha palustris
中文名（Chinese Name）：驴蹄草
学名（Scientific Name）：Caltha palustris L.
英文名（English Common Name）：yellow marsh marigold
别名（Chinese Common Name）：马蹄草、华东驴蹄草
异名（Synonym）：Caltha palustris var. orientalisinensis X. H. Guo Caltha alpestris Schott,Nyman & Kotschy Caltha alpina (Schur) Schur Caltha arctica subsp. sibirica (Regel) Tolm. Caltha arctica R.Br. Caltha asarifolia DC. Caltha caespitosa Schipcz. Caltha confinis Greene Caltha cornuta Schott,Nyman & Kotschy Caltha coronata Schur Caltha crenata Belyaeva & Sipliv. Caltha elata Duthie Caltha emodorum Spreng. Caltha ficarioides Pursh Caltha flabellifolia Pursh Caltha freyniana Heldr. ex Beck Caltha glabra Gilib. Caltha gorovii Vorosch. Caltha grosseserrata Pant. Caltha guerangerii Boreau Caltha himalayanus Royle Caltha himalensis D.Don Caltha integerrima Pursh Caltha intermedia Schott,Nyman & Kotschy Caltha laeta Schott,Nyman & Kotschy Caltha latifolia Schott,Nyman & Kotschy Caltha longirostris Beck Caltha major Mill. Caltha minor subsp. arctica (R.Br.) á.L?ve & D.L?ve Caltha minor Mill. Caltha napalensis Royle Caltha natans var. arctica (R.Br.) á.L?ve & D.L?ve Caltha natans var. asarifolia (DC.) Huth Caltha orthorhyncha Rupr. Caltha pallidiflora Martrin-Donos Caltha palustris f. arrabonensis Soó Caltha palustris f. cornuta (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Huth Caltha palustris f. czarnohorensis (Zapal.) Soó & Kovács-Lang Caltha palustris f. decumbens Makino Caltha palustris f. dentata (Celak.) Huth Caltha palustris f. erecta Makino Caltha palustris f. gigas H.Lév. Caltha palustris f. integerrima (Pursh) Huth Caltha palustris f. minor (Mill.) Huth Caltha palustris f. orthocarpa (Rupr.) Huth Caltha palustris f. platycarpa Soó & Kovács-Lang Caltha palustris f. plena Huth Caltha palustris f. plurisepala Huth Caltha palustris f. pratensis Huth Caltha palustris f. radicans (T.F.Forst.) Kjellm. Caltha palustris f. retyzatensis Soó Caltha palustris f. simonkaiana Soó Caltha palustris f. transsilvanica Soó & Kovács-Lang Caltha palustris f. vulgaris Huth Caltha palustris subsp. araneosa (Steenis) Meijden Caltha palustris subsp. arctica (R.Br.) Hultén Caltha palustris subsp. asarifolia (DC.) Hultén Caltha palustris subsp. minor (Mill.) A.R.Clapham Caltha palustris subsp. nymphiifolia Vorosch. & Gorovoj Caltha palustris subsp. radicans (T.F.Forst.) Hook. Caltha palustris subsp. renifolia (Tolm.) Luferov Caltha palustris subsp. thracica Velen. Caltha palustris subsp. violacea (Khokhr.) Luferov Caltha palustris var. acutiserrata Huth Caltha palustris var. aleutensis Huth Caltha palustris var. alpestris (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Rouy & Foucaud Caltha palustris var. alpina Schur Caltha palustris var. araneosa Steenis Caltha palustris var. arctica (R.Br.) Huth Caltha palustris var. borbasii Soó Caltha palustris var. bosnica Huth Caltha palustris var. cornuta (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Rouy & Foucaud Caltha palustris var. dentata Celak. Caltha palustris var. enkoso H.Hara Caltha palustris var. flabellifolia (Pursh) Torr. & A.Gray Caltha palustris var. himalensis (D.Don) Mukh. Caltha palustris var. integerrima (Pursh) Torr. & A.Gray Caltha palustris var. laeta (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Huth Caltha palustris var. latifolia (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Rouy & Foucaud Caltha palustris var. major (Mill.) DC. Caltha palustris var. minima Regel Caltha palustris var. minor (Mill.) DC. Caltha palustris var. nipponica H.Hara Caltha palustris var. orbicularis Briq. Caltha palustris var. parnassifolia (Raf.) Torr. & A.Gray Caltha palustris var. polypetala (Hochst. ex Lorent) Huth Caltha palustris var. stagnalis Rouy & Foucaud Caltha palustris var. vulgaris (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Rouy & Foucaud Caltha palustris var. zetlandica Beeby Caltha paniculata Wall. Caltha parnassifolia Raf. Caltha polypetala var. colchica Kem.-Nath. Caltha polypetala var. orthoryncha (Rupr.) Kem.-Nath. Caltha polypetala Hochst. Caltha populago Gouan Caltha procumbens Huth Caltha pumila Schur Caltha pygmaea (Makino) Makino Caltha radicans T.F.Forst. Caltha ranunculoides Schur Caltha riparia G.Don Caltha serotina Tolm. Caltha sibirica var. renifolia Tolm. Caltha silvestris Vorosch. Caltha stagnalis Magnier ex Rouy & Fouc. Caltha thracica (Velen.) Adamovic ex Graebn. & P.Graebn. Caltha violacea Khokhr. Caltha zetlandica (Baby) D?rfl. Populago palustris Scop. Trollius paluster E.H.L.Krause Caltha palustris var. orientali-sinensis
科属（Family & Genus）：毛茛科（Ranunculaceae）驴蹄草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，全部无毛，有多数肉质须根。茎高（10-）20-48厘米，粗（1.5-）3-6毫米，实心，具细纵沟，在中部或中部以上分枝，稀不分枝。基生叶3-7，有长柄；叶片圆形，圆肾形或心形，长（1.2-）2.5-5厘米，宽（2-）3-9厘米，顶端圆形，基部深心形或基部二裂片互相覆压，边缘全部密生正三角形小牙齿；叶柄长（4-）7-24厘米。茎生叶通常向上逐渐变小，稀与基生叶近等大，圆肾形或三角状心形，具较短的叶柄或最上部叶完全不具柄。茎或分枝顶部有由2朵花组成的简单的单歧聚伞花序；苞片三角状心形，边缘生牙齿；花梗长（1.5-）2-10厘米；萼片5，黄色，倒卵形或狭倒卵形，长1-1.8（-2.5）厘米，宽0.6-1.2（-1.5）厘米，顶端圆形；雄蕊长4.5-7（-9）毫米，花药长圆形，长1-1.6毫米，花丝狭线形；心皮（5-）7-12，与雄蕊近等长，无柄，有短花柱。蓇葖长约1厘米，宽约3毫米，具横脉，喙长约1毫米；种子狭卵球形，长1.5-2毫米，黑色，有光泽，有少数纵皱纹。5-9月开花，6月开始结果。
分布（Distribution）：分布于西藏、云南、四川、浙江、甘肃、陕西、河南、山西、河北、内蒙古、新疆，通常生于山谷溪边或湿草甸，在北半球温带及寒温带地区广布。
用途（Use）：全草含白头翁素和其他植物碱，有毒，可试制土农药；全草可供药用，有除风、散寒之效（四川中药志）。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 6 Page 135
Caltha palustris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 558. 1753.
驴蹄草 lu ti cao | Ranunculaceae | Caltha
Plants with numerous fleshy roots. Stems 10--120 cm tall at fruiting, (1.5--)3--12 mm in diam., branched, rarely simple, basal leaves 3--7, long petiolate; petiole (4--)7--24 cm; leaf blade orbicular to orbicular-reniform or cordate, (1.2--)2.5--5 × (2--)3--9 cm, base deeply cordate, margin densely denticulate, apex rounded. Cauline leaves usually diminishing upward, rarely equal to basal leaves in size, orbicular-reniform or triangular-cordate, shortly petiolate or uppermost ones sessile. Monochasium often solitary, (2 or)3--5-flowered; pedicels more than 1.5 cm at fruiting. Flowers 2--3 cm in diam. Sepals 5, yellow, obovate to narrowly obovate, 1--1.8(--2.5) × 0.6--1.2(--1.5) cm, apex rounded. Stamens 4.5--7(--9) mm; anthers sessile, oblong, 1--1.6 mm. Follicles (5--)7--25, ca. 1 cm × 3 mm; persistent style 1--3 mm. Seeds black, rarely pale greenish brown, narrowly ovoid, 1.5--2 mm. Fl. May--Sep. 2n = 16, 32, 55--57, 60, 64, 80.
Mountain regions, grassy slopes, valleys, marshlands, forests, by streams, in water; 600--4000 m. S and SW Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, W Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, E and SE Xizang, C and NW Yunnan, Zhejiang [most temperate regions of N hemisphere].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Caltha palustris L.
英文名（English Common Name）：yellow marsh marigold
别名（Chinese Common Name）：马蹄草、华东驴蹄草
异名（Synonym）：Caltha palustris var. orientalisinensis X. H. Guo Caltha alpestris Schott,Nyman & Kotschy Caltha alpina (Schur) Schur Caltha arctica subsp. sibirica (Regel) Tolm. Caltha arctica R.Br. Caltha asarifolia DC. Caltha caespitosa Schipcz. Caltha confinis Greene Caltha cornuta Schott,Nyman & Kotschy Caltha coronata Schur Caltha crenata Belyaeva & Sipliv. Caltha elata Duthie Caltha emodorum Spreng. Caltha ficarioides Pursh Caltha flabellifolia Pursh Caltha freyniana Heldr. ex Beck Caltha glabra Gilib. Caltha gorovii Vorosch. Caltha grosseserrata Pant. Caltha guerangerii Boreau Caltha himalayanus Royle Caltha himalensis D.Don Caltha integerrima Pursh Caltha intermedia Schott,Nyman & Kotschy Caltha laeta Schott,Nyman & Kotschy Caltha latifolia Schott,Nyman & Kotschy Caltha longirostris Beck Caltha major Mill. Caltha minor subsp. arctica (R.Br.) á.L?ve & D.L?ve Caltha minor Mill. Caltha napalensis Royle Caltha natans var. arctica (R.Br.) á.L?ve & D.L?ve Caltha natans var. asarifolia (DC.) Huth Caltha orthorhyncha Rupr. Caltha pallidiflora Martrin-Donos Caltha palustris f. arrabonensis Soó Caltha palustris f. cornuta (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Huth Caltha palustris f. czarnohorensis (Zapal.) Soó & Kovács-Lang Caltha palustris f. decumbens Makino Caltha palustris f. dentata (Celak.) Huth Caltha palustris f. erecta Makino Caltha palustris f. gigas H.Lév. Caltha palustris f. integerrima (Pursh) Huth Caltha palustris f. minor (Mill.) Huth Caltha palustris f. orthocarpa (Rupr.) Huth Caltha palustris f. platycarpa Soó & Kovács-Lang Caltha palustris f. plena Huth Caltha palustris f. plurisepala Huth Caltha palustris f. pratensis Huth Caltha palustris f. radicans (T.F.Forst.) Kjellm. Caltha palustris f. retyzatensis Soó Caltha palustris f. simonkaiana Soó Caltha palustris f. transsilvanica Soó & Kovács-Lang Caltha palustris f. vulgaris Huth Caltha palustris subsp. araneosa (Steenis) Meijden Caltha palustris subsp. arctica (R.Br.) Hultén Caltha palustris subsp. asarifolia (DC.) Hultén Caltha palustris subsp. minor (Mill.) A.R.Clapham Caltha palustris subsp. nymphiifolia Vorosch. & Gorovoj Caltha palustris subsp. radicans (T.F.Forst.) Hook. Caltha palustris subsp. renifolia (Tolm.) Luferov Caltha palustris subsp. thracica Velen. Caltha palustris subsp. violacea (Khokhr.) Luferov Caltha palustris var. acutiserrata Huth Caltha palustris var. aleutensis Huth Caltha palustris var. alpestris (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Rouy & Foucaud Caltha palustris var. alpina Schur Caltha palustris var. araneosa Steenis Caltha palustris var. arctica (R.Br.) Huth Caltha palustris var. borbasii Soó Caltha palustris var. bosnica Huth Caltha palustris var. cornuta (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Rouy & Foucaud Caltha palustris var. dentata Celak. Caltha palustris var. enkoso H.Hara Caltha palustris var. flabellifolia (Pursh) Torr. & A.Gray Caltha palustris var. himalensis (D.Don) Mukh. Caltha palustris var. integerrima (Pursh) Torr. & A.Gray Caltha palustris var. laeta (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Huth Caltha palustris var. latifolia (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Rouy & Foucaud Caltha palustris var. major (Mill.) DC. Caltha palustris var. minima Regel Caltha palustris var. minor (Mill.) DC. Caltha palustris var. nipponica H.Hara Caltha palustris var. orbicularis Briq. Caltha palustris var. parnassifolia (Raf.) Torr. & A.Gray Caltha palustris var. polypetala (Hochst. ex Lorent) Huth Caltha palustris var. stagnalis Rouy & Foucaud Caltha palustris var. vulgaris (Schott,Nyman & Kotschy) Rouy & Foucaud Caltha palustris var. zetlandica Beeby Caltha paniculata Wall. Caltha parnassifolia Raf. Caltha polypetala var. colchica Kem.-Nath. Caltha polypetala var. orthoryncha (Rupr.) Kem.-Nath. Caltha polypetala Hochst. Caltha populago Gouan Caltha procumbens Huth Caltha pumila Schur Caltha pygmaea (Makino) Makino Caltha radicans T.F.Forst. Caltha ranunculoides Schur Caltha riparia G.Don Caltha serotina Tolm. Caltha sibirica var. renifolia Tolm. Caltha silvestris Vorosch. Caltha stagnalis Magnier ex Rouy & Fouc. Caltha thracica (Velen.) Adamovic ex Graebn. & P.Graebn. Caltha violacea Khokhr. Caltha zetlandica (Baby) D?rfl. Populago palustris Scop. Trollius paluster E.H.L.Krause Caltha palustris var. orientali-sinensis
科属（Family & Genus）：毛茛科（Ranunculaceae）驴蹄草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，全部无毛，有多数肉质须根。茎高（10-）20-48厘米，粗（1.5-）3-6毫米，实心，具细纵沟，在中部或中部以上分枝，稀不分枝。基生叶3-7，有长柄；叶片圆形，圆肾形或心形，长（1.2-）2.5-5厘米，宽（2-）3-9厘米，顶端圆形，基部深心形或基部二裂片互相覆压，边缘全部密生正三角形小牙齿；叶柄长（4-）7-24厘米。茎生叶通常向上逐渐变小，稀与基生叶近等大，圆肾形或三角状心形，具较短的叶柄或最上部叶完全不具柄。茎或分枝顶部有由2朵花组成的简单的单歧聚伞花序；苞片三角状心形，边缘生牙齿；花梗长（1.5-）2-10厘米；萼片5，黄色，倒卵形或狭倒卵形，长1-1.8（-2.5）厘米，宽0.6-1.2（-1.5）厘米，顶端圆形；雄蕊长4.5-7（-9）毫米，花药长圆形，长1-1.6毫米，花丝狭线形；心皮（5-）7-12，与雄蕊近等长，无柄，有短花柱。蓇葖长约1厘米，宽约3毫米，具横脉，喙长约1毫米；种子狭卵球形，长1.5-2毫米，黑色，有光泽，有少数纵皱纹。5-9月开花，6月开始结果。
分布（Distribution）：分布于西藏、云南、四川、浙江、甘肃、陕西、河南、山西、河北、内蒙古、新疆，通常生于山谷溪边或湿草甸，在北半球温带及寒温带地区广布。
用途（Use）：全草含白头翁素和其他植物碱，有毒，可试制土农药；全草可供药用，有除风、散寒之效（四川中药志）。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 6 Page 135
Caltha palustris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 558. 1753.
驴蹄草 lu ti cao | Ranunculaceae | Caltha
Plants with numerous fleshy roots. Stems 10--120 cm tall at fruiting, (1.5--)3--12 mm in diam., branched, rarely simple, basal leaves 3--7, long petiolate; petiole (4--)7--24 cm; leaf blade orbicular to orbicular-reniform or cordate, (1.2--)2.5--5 × (2--)3--9 cm, base deeply cordate, margin densely denticulate, apex rounded. Cauline leaves usually diminishing upward, rarely equal to basal leaves in size, orbicular-reniform or triangular-cordate, shortly petiolate or uppermost ones sessile. Monochasium often solitary, (2 or)3--5-flowered; pedicels more than 1.5 cm at fruiting. Flowers 2--3 cm in diam. Sepals 5, yellow, obovate to narrowly obovate, 1--1.8(--2.5) × 0.6--1.2(--1.5) cm, apex rounded. Stamens 4.5--7(--9) mm; anthers sessile, oblong, 1--1.6 mm. Follicles (5--)7--25, ca. 1 cm × 3 mm; persistent style 1--3 mm. Seeds black, rarely pale greenish brown, narrowly ovoid, 1.5--2 mm. Fl. May--Sep. 2n = 16, 32, 55--57, 60, 64, 80.
Mountain regions, grassy slopes, valleys, marshlands, forests, by streams, in water; 600--4000 m. S and SW Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, W Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, E and SE Xizang, C and NW Yunnan, Zhejiang [most temperate regions of N hemisphere].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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