酢浆草Oxalis corniculata
中文名（Chinese Name）：酢浆草
学名（Scientific Name）：Oxalis corniculata Linn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：酸味草
异名（Synonym）：Oxalis procumbens Steud. ex Rich. Oxalis repens var. erecta (Makino) Masamune Oxalis repens f. speciosa Masam. Oxalis taiwanensis (Masamune) Masamune Acetosella corniculata (Linn.) Kuntze Oxalis corniculata f. erecta Makino Oxalis corniculata subsp. repens (Thunb.) Masam. Oxalis corniculata var. repens (Thunb.) Zucc. Oxalis corniculata subsp. subglabra (Kuntze) Masamune Oxalis corniculata var. taiwanensis Masam. Xanthoxalis corniculata (Linn.) Small. Xanthoxalis corniculata var. repens (Thecnberg) Nakai Xanthoxalis repens (Thunb.) Moldenke Xanthoxalis langloisii Small Oxalis langloisii (Small) Fedde Oxalis pusilla Salisb. Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea Planch. Oxalis corniculata var. langloisii (Small) Wieg. Oxalis corniculata var. lupulina (R. Knuth) Zucc. Oxalis corniculata var. macrophylla Arsene ex R. Knuth Oxalis corniculata var. minor Laing Oxalis corniculata var. reptans Laing Oxalis corniculata var. villosa (Bieb.) Hohen. Oxalis corniculata var. viscidula Wieg. Xanthoxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea (Planch.) Moldenke Acetosella corniculata var. subglabra Kuntze Acetosella corniculata var. villosa (M.Bieb.) Kuntze Acetosella fontana (Bunge) Kuntze Acetosella stricta (L.) Kuntze Oxalis albicans var. sericea DC. Oxalis bradei R. Knuth Oxalis corniculata f. maritima Masam. Oxalis corniculata f. purpurea (Parl.) Knuth Oxalis corniculata f. villosa (M. Bieb.) Goiran Oxalis corniculata var. corcovadensis R. Knuth Oxalis corniculata var. papuana R. Knuth Oxalis corniculata var. pilosiuscula (Kunth) Zucc. Oxalis corniculata var. procumbens (Steud. ex A. Rich.) Engl. Oxalis corniculata var. purpurea Parl. Oxalis corniculata var. trichocaulon H. Lév. Oxalis corniculata var. typica R. Knuth Oxalis grenadensis Urb. Oxalis jamaicensis Macfad. Oxalis lupulina Kunth Oxalis meridensis Pittier Oxalis norlindiana R. Knuth Oxalis pilosiuscula Kunth Oxalis procumbens subsp. bathieana Lourteig Oxalis repens var. eu-repens Chev. Oxalis trinidadensis R. Knuth Oxalis tropaeoloides Schlachter ex Planch. Oxalis tubistipula Steud. ex Phil. Oxys corniculata (L.) Scop. Oxys stricta All. Xanthoxalis corniculata f. atropupurea (Planch.) Nakai Xanthoxalis corniculata f. purpurea (Parl.) Nakai Xanthoxalis corniculata subsp. repens (Thunb.) Tzvelev Xanthoxalis trinidadensis (R. Knuth) Holub
科属（Family & Genus）：酢浆草科（Oxalidaceae）酢浆草属
形态特征（Description）：草本，高10-35厘米，全株被柔毛。根茎稍肥厚。茎细弱，多分枝，直立或匍匐，匍匐茎节上生根。叶基生或茎上互生；托叶小，长圆形或卵形，边缘被密长柔毛，基部与叶柄合生，或同一植株下部托叶明显而上部托叶不明显；叶柄长1-13厘米，基部具关节；小叶3，无柄，倒心形，长4-16毫米，宽4-22毫米，先端凹入，基部宽楔形，两面被柔毛或表面无毛，沿脉被毛较密，边缘具贴伏缘毛。花单生或数朵集为伞形花序状，腋生，总花梗淡红色，与叶近等长；花梗长4-15毫米，果后延伸；小苞片2，披针形，长2.5-4毫米，膜质；萼片5，披针形或长圆状披针形，长3-5毫米，背面和边缘被柔毛，宿存；花瓣5，黄色，长圆状倒卵形，长6-8毫米，宽4-5毫米；雄蕊10，花丝白色半透明，有时被疏短柔毛，基部合生，长、短互间，长者花药较大且早熟；子房长圆形，5室，被短伏毛，花柱5，柱头头状。蒴果长圆柱形，长1-2.5厘米，5棱。种子长卵形，长1-1.5毫米，褐色或红棕色，具横向肋状网纹。花、果期2-9月。
分布（Distribution）：全国广布，生于山坡草池、河谷沿岸、路边、田边、荒地或林下阴湿处等。亚洲温带和亚热带、欧洲、地中海和北美皆有分布。
用途（Use）：全草入药，能解热利尿，消肿散淤；茎叶含草酸，可用以磨镜或擦铜器，使其具光泽。牛羊食其过多可中毒致死。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 3, 4
Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 435. 1753.
酢浆草 cu jiang cao | Oxalidaceae | Oxalis
Acetosella corniculata (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Oxalis corniculata f. erecta Makino; O. corniculata subsp. repens (Thunberg) Masamune; O. corniculata var. repens (Thunberg) Zuccarini; O. corniculata subsp. subglabra (Kuntze) Masamune; O. corniculata var. taiwanensis Masamune; O. minima Steudel; O. procumbens Steudel; O. repens Thunberg; O. repens var. erecta (Makino) Masamune; O. repens f. speciosa Masamune; O. taiwanensis (Masamune) Masamune; Xanthoxalis corniculata (Linnaeus) Small; X. corniculata var. repens (Thunberg) Nakai; X. repens (Thunberg) Moldenke.
Annuals or short-lived perennials. Stems to 50 cm but often shorter, creeping, ascending to semierect, variably pubescent with adpressed simple hairs. Rootstock a slender taproot, sometimes woody; stems several, freely rooting at nodes in contact with soil; stolons absent. Stipules small, rectangular to auriculate. Leaves alternate or pseudoverticillate; petiole 1-8(-13) cm; leaflet blades obcordate, 0.3-1.8 × 0.4-2.3 cm, green or suffused purplish red, variably adaxially and abaxially pubescent, apex deeply emarginate. Inflorescences umbellate, (2-)1-5(-7)-flowered; peduncle usually slightly longer than petioles; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2-4 × ca. 1 mm. Pedicel 4-15(-20) mm, deflexed or horizontal in fruit, densely strigose. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3.5-5 × 1.2-2 mm, margin ciliate especially at apex. Petals bright yellow, oblong-obovate, 6-8 × 3-4 mm. Capsule long cylindric, 8-25 × 2-3 mm, 5-sided, strigose with abundant simple hairs and a few septate hairs on dehiscence sutures. Seeds brown to brownish red, 5-14 per locule, ovoid-oblong, 1-1.5 × 0.8-1 mm, transversely ridged. Fl. and fr. Feb-Oct. 2n = 24.
Mountain slopes, forests, grasslands, riversides, roadsides, fields, wastelands; sea level to 3400 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Nei Mongol, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand; almost cosmopolitan].
This species is used medicinally.
This highly successful weedy species is so widespread, particularly in areas disturbed by humans, that its origin is unknown. It has been reported from China in additional provinces, such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Ningxia, and Xinjiang, where it is likely a weed in protected locations, such as in greenhouses. The most frequently encountered variety in China is Oxalis corniculata var. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Hohenacker, but this variety is often under-recorded due to the glabrescent nature of the adaxial surface of the leaves. Oxalis corniculata var. villosa has leaflet blades covered with trichomes all over the abaxial surface, whereas for var. corniculata the abaxial surface has trichomes only on the midrib of the terminal leaflet and the basal half of the lateral leaflets. Plants with leaves, and to a lesser extent all vegetative parts, suffused purplish red are Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea Planchon. The purple coloration is conspicuous in plants from exposed sunny habitats but is much less prominent in shaded plants and fades on drying, making confident determination of old herbarium specimens difficult. Determination of the exact distribution of these varieties in China needs additional study.
Synonyms of Oxalis corniculata var. villosa include: Oxalis villosa M. Bieberstein, Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 355. 1808; Acetosella corniculata var. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Kuntze; ?O. corniculata f. maritima Masamune; O. corniculata var. sericea Knuth; O. corniculata var. trichocaulon H. Léveillé; O. corniculata f. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Goiran; ?O. corniculata var. viscidula Wiegand; O. langloisii (Small) Fedde; O. thunbergiana Montrousier; Xanthoxalis langloisii Small. Synonyms of Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea include: Oxalis corniculata f. purpurea (Parlatore) Knuth; O. corniculata var. purpurea Parlatore; O. tropaeoloides Schlachter ex Planchon; Xanthoxalis corniculata f. atropurpurea (Planchon) Nakai; X. corniculata var. atropurpurea (Planchon) Moldenke; X. corniculata f. purpurea (Parlatore) Nakai.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Oxalis corniculata Linn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：酸味草
异名（Synonym）：Oxalis procumbens Steud. ex Rich. Oxalis repens var. erecta (Makino) Masamune Oxalis repens f. speciosa Masam. Oxalis taiwanensis (Masamune) Masamune Acetosella corniculata (Linn.) Kuntze Oxalis corniculata f. erecta Makino Oxalis corniculata subsp. repens (Thunb.) Masam. Oxalis corniculata var. repens (Thunb.) Zucc. Oxalis corniculata subsp. subglabra (Kuntze) Masamune Oxalis corniculata var. taiwanensis Masam. Xanthoxalis corniculata (Linn.) Small. Xanthoxalis corniculata var. repens (Thecnberg) Nakai Xanthoxalis repens (Thunb.) Moldenke Xanthoxalis langloisii Small Oxalis langloisii (Small) Fedde Oxalis pusilla Salisb. Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea Planch. Oxalis corniculata var. langloisii (Small) Wieg. Oxalis corniculata var. lupulina (R. Knuth) Zucc. Oxalis corniculata var. macrophylla Arsene ex R. Knuth Oxalis corniculata var. minor Laing Oxalis corniculata var. reptans Laing Oxalis corniculata var. villosa (Bieb.) Hohen. Oxalis corniculata var. viscidula Wieg. Xanthoxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea (Planch.) Moldenke Acetosella corniculata var. subglabra Kuntze Acetosella corniculata var. villosa (M.Bieb.) Kuntze Acetosella fontana (Bunge) Kuntze Acetosella stricta (L.) Kuntze Oxalis albicans var. sericea DC. Oxalis bradei R. Knuth Oxalis corniculata f. maritima Masam. Oxalis corniculata f. purpurea (Parl.) Knuth Oxalis corniculata f. villosa (M. Bieb.) Goiran Oxalis corniculata var. corcovadensis R. Knuth Oxalis corniculata var. papuana R. Knuth Oxalis corniculata var. pilosiuscula (Kunth) Zucc. Oxalis corniculata var. procumbens (Steud. ex A. Rich.) Engl. Oxalis corniculata var. purpurea Parl. Oxalis corniculata var. trichocaulon H. Lév. Oxalis corniculata var. typica R. Knuth Oxalis grenadensis Urb. Oxalis jamaicensis Macfad. Oxalis lupulina Kunth Oxalis meridensis Pittier Oxalis norlindiana R. Knuth Oxalis pilosiuscula Kunth Oxalis procumbens subsp. bathieana Lourteig Oxalis repens var. eu-repens Chev. Oxalis trinidadensis R. Knuth Oxalis tropaeoloides Schlachter ex Planch. Oxalis tubistipula Steud. ex Phil. Oxys corniculata (L.) Scop. Oxys stricta All. Xanthoxalis corniculata f. atropupurea (Planch.) Nakai Xanthoxalis corniculata f. purpurea (Parl.) Nakai Xanthoxalis corniculata subsp. repens (Thunb.) Tzvelev Xanthoxalis trinidadensis (R. Knuth) Holub
科属（Family & Genus）：酢浆草科（Oxalidaceae）酢浆草属
形态特征（Description）：草本，高10-35厘米，全株被柔毛。根茎稍肥厚。茎细弱，多分枝，直立或匍匐，匍匐茎节上生根。叶基生或茎上互生；托叶小，长圆形或卵形，边缘被密长柔毛，基部与叶柄合生，或同一植株下部托叶明显而上部托叶不明显；叶柄长1-13厘米，基部具关节；小叶3，无柄，倒心形，长4-16毫米，宽4-22毫米，先端凹入，基部宽楔形，两面被柔毛或表面无毛，沿脉被毛较密，边缘具贴伏缘毛。花单生或数朵集为伞形花序状，腋生，总花梗淡红色，与叶近等长；花梗长4-15毫米，果后延伸；小苞片2，披针形，长2.5-4毫米，膜质；萼片5，披针形或长圆状披针形，长3-5毫米，背面和边缘被柔毛，宿存；花瓣5，黄色，长圆状倒卵形，长6-8毫米，宽4-5毫米；雄蕊10，花丝白色半透明，有时被疏短柔毛，基部合生，长、短互间，长者花药较大且早熟；子房长圆形，5室，被短伏毛，花柱5，柱头头状。蒴果长圆柱形，长1-2.5厘米，5棱。种子长卵形，长1-1.5毫米，褐色或红棕色，具横向肋状网纹。花、果期2-9月。
分布（Distribution）：全国广布，生于山坡草池、河谷沿岸、路边、田边、荒地或林下阴湿处等。亚洲温带和亚热带、欧洲、地中海和北美皆有分布。
用途（Use）：全草入药，能解热利尿，消肿散淤；茎叶含草酸，可用以磨镜或擦铜器，使其具光泽。牛羊食其过多可中毒致死。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 3, 4
Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 435. 1753.
酢浆草 cu jiang cao | Oxalidaceae | Oxalis
Acetosella corniculata (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Oxalis corniculata f. erecta Makino; O. corniculata subsp. repens (Thunberg) Masamune; O. corniculata var. repens (Thunberg) Zuccarini; O. corniculata subsp. subglabra (Kuntze) Masamune; O. corniculata var. taiwanensis Masamune; O. minima Steudel; O. procumbens Steudel; O. repens Thunberg; O. repens var. erecta (Makino) Masamune; O. repens f. speciosa Masamune; O. taiwanensis (Masamune) Masamune; Xanthoxalis corniculata (Linnaeus) Small; X. corniculata var. repens (Thunberg) Nakai; X. repens (Thunberg) Moldenke.
Annuals or short-lived perennials. Stems to 50 cm but often shorter, creeping, ascending to semierect, variably pubescent with adpressed simple hairs. Rootstock a slender taproot, sometimes woody; stems several, freely rooting at nodes in contact with soil; stolons absent. Stipules small, rectangular to auriculate. Leaves alternate or pseudoverticillate; petiole 1-8(-13) cm; leaflet blades obcordate, 0.3-1.8 × 0.4-2.3 cm, green or suffused purplish red, variably adaxially and abaxially pubescent, apex deeply emarginate. Inflorescences umbellate, (2-)1-5(-7)-flowered; peduncle usually slightly longer than petioles; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2-4 × ca. 1 mm. Pedicel 4-15(-20) mm, deflexed or horizontal in fruit, densely strigose. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3.5-5 × 1.2-2 mm, margin ciliate especially at apex. Petals bright yellow, oblong-obovate, 6-8 × 3-4 mm. Capsule long cylindric, 8-25 × 2-3 mm, 5-sided, strigose with abundant simple hairs and a few septate hairs on dehiscence sutures. Seeds brown to brownish red, 5-14 per locule, ovoid-oblong, 1-1.5 × 0.8-1 mm, transversely ridged. Fl. and fr. Feb-Oct. 2n = 24.
Mountain slopes, forests, grasslands, riversides, roadsides, fields, wastelands; sea level to 3400 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Nei Mongol, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand; almost cosmopolitan].
This species is used medicinally.
This highly successful weedy species is so widespread, particularly in areas disturbed by humans, that its origin is unknown. It has been reported from China in additional provinces, such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Ningxia, and Xinjiang, where it is likely a weed in protected locations, such as in greenhouses. The most frequently encountered variety in China is Oxalis corniculata var. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Hohenacker, but this variety is often under-recorded due to the glabrescent nature of the adaxial surface of the leaves. Oxalis corniculata var. villosa has leaflet blades covered with trichomes all over the abaxial surface, whereas for var. corniculata the abaxial surface has trichomes only on the midrib of the terminal leaflet and the basal half of the lateral leaflets. Plants with leaves, and to a lesser extent all vegetative parts, suffused purplish red are Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea Planchon. The purple coloration is conspicuous in plants from exposed sunny habitats but is much less prominent in shaded plants and fades on drying, making confident determination of old herbarium specimens difficult. Determination of the exact distribution of these varieties in China needs additional study.
Synonyms of Oxalis corniculata var. villosa include: Oxalis villosa M. Bieberstein, Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 355. 1808; Acetosella corniculata var. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Kuntze; ?O. corniculata f. maritima Masamune; O. corniculata var. sericea Knuth; O. corniculata var. trichocaulon H. Léveillé; O. corniculata f. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Goiran; ?O. corniculata var. viscidula Wiegand; O. langloisii (Small) Fedde; O. thunbergiana Montrousier; Xanthoxalis langloisii Small. Synonyms of Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea include: Oxalis corniculata f. purpurea (Parlatore) Knuth; O. corniculata var. purpurea Parlatore; O. tropaeoloides Schlachter ex Planchon; Xanthoxalis corniculata f. atropurpurea (Planchon) Nakai; X. corniculata var. atropurpurea (Planchon) Moldenke; X. corniculata f. purpurea (Parlatore) Nakai.
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