台湾半蒴苣苔Hemiboea bicornuta

中文名(Chinese Name):台湾半蒴苣苔
学名(Scientific Name):Hemiboea bicornuta (Hayata) Ohwi
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):角桐草
异名(Synonym):Chirita bicornuta Hayata  Didymocarpus bicornutus (Hayata) S. Y. Hu  Hemiboea merrillii Yamam.
科属(Family & Genus):苦苣苔科Gesneriaceae半蒴苣苔属Hemiboea
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,高20-100厘米或更高。茎上升,上部肉质,具4钝棱,无毛,散生紫褐色斑点。叶对生;叶片稍肉质,干后草质,狭长圆状披针形、倒披针形或披针形,有时略呈镰形,长7-20厘米,宽2.5-5厘米,边缘具浅钝齿或近全缘,顶端渐尖,基部楔形或狭楔形,相等或不相等,叶面疏生短柔毛或无毛,绿色,背面无毛或沿脉疏生短柔毛,淡绿色;蠕虫状石细胞嵌生于维管束周围的基本组织中;侧脉每侧6-10条;叶柄长2-6厘米,无毛或疏被短柔毛。聚伞花序假顶生或腋生,具3一数朵花;总苞球形或卵球形,直径2-2.5厘米,顶端具突尖,无毛,开放后呈船形;花梗长2-5毫米,无毛。萼片5,披针形或椭圆状披针形,长8-10毫米,宽3-4毫米,无毛,干时膜质。花冠白色,具紫斑,长37-45毫米,外面无毛;筒长3-3.8厘米,内面基部上方5-6毫米处有一毛环,口部直径14毫米,基部上方直径6毫米;上唇长约5毫米,2裂,裂片半圆形,下唇长约7毫米,3裂,裂片半圆形。雄蕊:花丝着生于花冠基部上方14毫米处,狭线形,长11-12毫米,花药圆形,长3毫米,顶端连着,基部心形;退化雄蕊3,中央1个小,狭线形,长3毫米,侧面2个长5-8毫米,顶端小头状,顶端连着。花盘环状,高1毫米。雌蕊长1.5-2厘米,无毛,子房线形,柱头近截形。蒴果线状披针形,长2.2-2.5厘米,基部宽3-4毫米,无毛。花期9-10月,果期11-12月。
分布(Distribution):产我国台湾。生于海拔300-1700米山谷林下或沟边阴处。日本琉球群岛南部也有。 模式标本采自台湾的能高山。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 18 Page 296
Hemiboea bicornuta (Hayata) Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 12: 662. 1936.
台湾半蒴苣苔 tai wan ban shuo ju tai | Gesneriaceae  | Hemiboea
Chirita bicornuta Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 3: 154. 1913; Didymocarpus bicornutus (Hayata) S. Y. Hu; Hemiboea merrillii Yamamoto.
Stems 20-100 cm or more, sparsely purple-brown spotted, glabrous, simple or branched, with 18 or more nodes. Petiole 2-6 cm; leaf blade sometimes oblique, elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, sometimes falcate, 7-20 X 2.5-5 cm, nearly glabrous to sparsely pubescent, base cuneate to attenuate, margin weakly serrate to nearly entire, apex acuminate, vermiform sclereids surrounding vascular bundles; lateral veins 6-10 on each side of midrib. Cymes 3- or more flowered; peduncle 1.5-4 cm, glabrous; involucre 2-2.5 cm in diam., outside glabrous. Calyx 5-sect from base; segments equal, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 8-12 X 3-4 mm, outside and margin glabrous. Corolla outside white, inside purple spotted, 3.7-4.5 cm, outside glabrous, inside with a ring of hairs; tube 3-3.8 cm; adaxial lip ca. 5 mm; abaxial lip ca. 7 mm. Anthers ca. 3 mm; staminodes 3, 3-8 mm. Pistil 1.5-2 cm, glabrous. Capsule 2.2-2.5 cm. Fl. Sep-Oct, fr. Nov-Dec.
Forests, shaded streamsides; 300-2200 m. Taiwan [Japan (including SW Ryukyu Islands, Iriomote Island)].
台湾半蒴苣苔Hemiboea bicornuta

台湾半蒴苣苔Hemiboea bicornuta(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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