老鼠拉冬瓜Zehneria japonica
中文名(Chinese Name):老鼠拉冬瓜
学名(Scientific Name):Zehneria japonica (Thunb.) H.Y. Liu
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):马交儿、野梢瓜
异名(Synonym):Zanonia indica Linn. Zehneria indica (Lour.) Keraudren Alsomitra simplicifolia Merr. Bryonia japonica Thunb. Bryonia leucocarpa Blume Melothria formosana Hayata Juppia borneensis Merr. Melothria indica Lour. Melothria leucocarpa (Blume) Cogn. Melothria leucocarpa var. rubella Gagnep. Melothria argyi H. Lév. Melothria japonica (Thunb.) Maxim. ex Cogn. Melothria odorata (Hook. f. et Thomson ex Benth.) Hook. f. et Thomson ex C. B.
科属(Family & Genus):葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)马交儿属
形态特征(Description):攀援或平卧草本;茎、枝纤细,疏散,有棱沟,无毛。叶柄细,长2.5-3.5厘米,初时有长柔毛,最后变无毛;叶片膜质,多型,三角状卵形、卵状心形或戟形、不分裂或3-5浅裂长3-5厘米,宽2-4厘米,若分裂时中间的裂片较长,三角形或披针状长圆形;侧裂片较小,三角形或披针状三角形,上面深绿色,粗糙,脉上有极短的柔毛,背面淡绿色,无毛;顶端急尖或稀短渐尖,基部弯缺半圆形,边缘微波状或有疏齿,脉掌状。雌雄同株。雄花:单生或稀2-3朵生于短的总状花序上;花序梗纤细,极短,无毛;花梗丝状,长3-5毫米,无毛;花萼宽钟形,基部急尖或稍钝,长1.5毫米;花冠淡黄色,有极短的柔毛,裂片长圆形或卵状长圆形,长2-2.5毫米,宽1-1.5毫米;雄蕊3,2枚2室,1枚1室,有时全部2室,生于花萼筒基部,花丝短,长0.5毫米,花药卵状长圆形或长圆形,有毛,长1毫米,药室稍弓曲,有毛,药隔宽,稍伸出。雌花:在与雄花同一叶腋内单生或稀双生;花梗丝状,无毛,长1-2厘米,花冠阔钟形,径2.5毫米,裂片披针形,先端稍钝,长2.5-3毫米,宽1-1.5毫米;子房狭卵形,有疣状凸起,长3.5-4毫米,径1-2毫米,花柱短,长1.5毫米,柱头3裂,退化雄蕊腺体状。果梗纤细,无毛,长2-3厘米;果实长圆形或狭卵形,两端钝,外面无毛,长1-1.5厘米,宽0.5-0.8 (-1) 厘米,成熟后桔红色或红色。种子灰白色,卵形,基部稍变狭,边缘不明显,长3-5毫米,宽3-4毫米。花期4-7月,果期7-10月。
分布(Distribution):产四川、湖北、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、江西、湖南、广东、广西、贵州及云南,生于海拔500-1600米的林中阴湿处及路边、田边或灌丛中。日本、朝鲜及东南亚也有。
用途(Use):全草药用,有清热、利尿、消肿之效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 47, 48
Zehneria japonica (Thunberg) H. Y. Liu, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Taichung. 1: 40. 1989.
马(瓜交)儿 ma jiao er | Cucurbitaceae | Zehneria
Bryonia japonica Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 870. 1784; Melothria argyi H. Léveillé; M. formosana Hayata; M. indica Loureiro; M. japonica (Thunberg) Maximowicz ex Cogniaux; M. leucocarpa (Blume) Cogniaux var. rubella Gagnepain; Neoachmandra indica (Loureiro) W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes; N. japonica (Thunberg) W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes; Zehneria indica (Loureiro) Keraudren; Z. omeiensis Z. Y. Zhu.
Plants scandent. Stems and branches filiform, glabrous. Petiole slender, 2.5-3.5 cm, villous at first, glabrescent; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, polymorphic, triangular-ovate, ovate-cordate, or hastate, 3-5 × 2-4 cm, membranous, unlobed or 3-5-lobed, abaxially glabrous, adaxially scabrous, apex acute or rarely shortly acuminate. Plants monoecious. Male flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 in a raceme; peduncle slender, very short, glabrous; pedicels filiform, 3-5 mm, glabrous; calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm, base acute or obtuse; corolla pale yellow, puberulent; segments oblong or ovate-oblong, 2-2.5 × 1-1.5 mm; stamens 3, two 2-celled and one 1-celled, sometimes all 2-celled; filaments short, ca. 0.5 mm; anthers ovoid-oblong or oblong, ca. 1 mm, pubescent; anther cells curved, puberulent; connective broad, apex produced. Female flowers solitary or rarely paired in same axil as male flowers; pedicel filiform, 1-2 cm, glabrous; corolla broadly campanulate, ca. 2.5 mm in diam.; segments lanceolate, 2.5-5 × 1-1.5 mm, apex slightly obtuse; ovary narrowly ovoid, 3.5-4 × 1-2 mm; style short, ca. 1.5 mm; stigmas 3; staminodes glandular. Fruit orange or red, oblong or attenuately ovoid, 1-1.5 cm × 5-8(-10) mm, both ends obtuse. Seeds gray-white, ovate, 3-5 × 3-4 mm, base attenuate, margin obscure. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Jul-Oct.
Moist places in forests, roadsides, thickets; 500-1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam].
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
学名(Scientific Name):Zehneria japonica (Thunb.) H.Y. Liu
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):马交儿、野梢瓜
异名(Synonym):Zanonia indica Linn. Zehneria indica (Lour.) Keraudren Alsomitra simplicifolia Merr. Bryonia japonica Thunb. Bryonia leucocarpa Blume Melothria formosana Hayata Juppia borneensis Merr. Melothria indica Lour. Melothria leucocarpa (Blume) Cogn. Melothria leucocarpa var. rubella Gagnep. Melothria argyi H. Lév. Melothria japonica (Thunb.) Maxim. ex Cogn. Melothria odorata (Hook. f. et Thomson ex Benth.) Hook. f. et Thomson ex C. B.
科属(Family & Genus):葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)马交儿属
形态特征(Description):攀援或平卧草本;茎、枝纤细,疏散,有棱沟,无毛。叶柄细,长2.5-3.5厘米,初时有长柔毛,最后变无毛;叶片膜质,多型,三角状卵形、卵状心形或戟形、不分裂或3-5浅裂长3-5厘米,宽2-4厘米,若分裂时中间的裂片较长,三角形或披针状长圆形;侧裂片较小,三角形或披针状三角形,上面深绿色,粗糙,脉上有极短的柔毛,背面淡绿色,无毛;顶端急尖或稀短渐尖,基部弯缺半圆形,边缘微波状或有疏齿,脉掌状。雌雄同株。雄花:单生或稀2-3朵生于短的总状花序上;花序梗纤细,极短,无毛;花梗丝状,长3-5毫米,无毛;花萼宽钟形,基部急尖或稍钝,长1.5毫米;花冠淡黄色,有极短的柔毛,裂片长圆形或卵状长圆形,长2-2.5毫米,宽1-1.5毫米;雄蕊3,2枚2室,1枚1室,有时全部2室,生于花萼筒基部,花丝短,长0.5毫米,花药卵状长圆形或长圆形,有毛,长1毫米,药室稍弓曲,有毛,药隔宽,稍伸出。雌花:在与雄花同一叶腋内单生或稀双生;花梗丝状,无毛,长1-2厘米,花冠阔钟形,径2.5毫米,裂片披针形,先端稍钝,长2.5-3毫米,宽1-1.5毫米;子房狭卵形,有疣状凸起,长3.5-4毫米,径1-2毫米,花柱短,长1.5毫米,柱头3裂,退化雄蕊腺体状。果梗纤细,无毛,长2-3厘米;果实长圆形或狭卵形,两端钝,外面无毛,长1-1.5厘米,宽0.5-0.8 (-1) 厘米,成熟后桔红色或红色。种子灰白色,卵形,基部稍变狭,边缘不明显,长3-5毫米,宽3-4毫米。花期4-7月,果期7-10月。
分布(Distribution):产四川、湖北、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、江西、湖南、广东、广西、贵州及云南,生于海拔500-1600米的林中阴湿处及路边、田边或灌丛中。日本、朝鲜及东南亚也有。
用途(Use):全草药用,有清热、利尿、消肿之效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 47, 48
Zehneria japonica (Thunberg) H. Y. Liu, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Taichung. 1: 40. 1989.
马(瓜交)儿 ma jiao er | Cucurbitaceae | Zehneria
Bryonia japonica Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 870. 1784; Melothria argyi H. Léveillé; M. formosana Hayata; M. indica Loureiro; M. japonica (Thunberg) Maximowicz ex Cogniaux; M. leucocarpa (Blume) Cogniaux var. rubella Gagnepain; Neoachmandra indica (Loureiro) W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes; N. japonica (Thunberg) W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes; Zehneria indica (Loureiro) Keraudren; Z. omeiensis Z. Y. Zhu.
Plants scandent. Stems and branches filiform, glabrous. Petiole slender, 2.5-3.5 cm, villous at first, glabrescent; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, polymorphic, triangular-ovate, ovate-cordate, or hastate, 3-5 × 2-4 cm, membranous, unlobed or 3-5-lobed, abaxially glabrous, adaxially scabrous, apex acute or rarely shortly acuminate. Plants monoecious. Male flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 in a raceme; peduncle slender, very short, glabrous; pedicels filiform, 3-5 mm, glabrous; calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm, base acute or obtuse; corolla pale yellow, puberulent; segments oblong or ovate-oblong, 2-2.5 × 1-1.5 mm; stamens 3, two 2-celled and one 1-celled, sometimes all 2-celled; filaments short, ca. 0.5 mm; anthers ovoid-oblong or oblong, ca. 1 mm, pubescent; anther cells curved, puberulent; connective broad, apex produced. Female flowers solitary or rarely paired in same axil as male flowers; pedicel filiform, 1-2 cm, glabrous; corolla broadly campanulate, ca. 2.5 mm in diam.; segments lanceolate, 2.5-5 × 1-1.5 mm, apex slightly obtuse; ovary narrowly ovoid, 3.5-4 × 1-2 mm; style short, ca. 1.5 mm; stigmas 3; staminodes glandular. Fruit orange or red, oblong or attenuately ovoid, 1-1.5 cm × 5-8(-10) mm, both ends obtuse. Seeds gray-white, ovate, 3-5 × 3-4 mm, base attenuate, margin obscure. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Jul-Oct.
Moist places in forests, roadsides, thickets; 500-1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam].
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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