中文名（Chinese Name）：辽东桤木
学名（Scientific Name）：Alnus hirsuta Turcz.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：毛赤杨、水冬瓜
异名（Synonym）：Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz.；Alnus sibirica var. hirsuta (Turcz. ex Ruprecht) Koidz.；Alnus sibirica var. oxyloba C. K. Schneid.；Alnus incana var. sibirica Spach；Alnus sibirica var. paucinervis C. K. Schneid.；Alnus tinctoria Sarg.；Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica (Fischer ex Turcz.) C. K. Schneid.；Alnus incana var. hirsuta Spach；Alnus inokumae Murai & Kusaka；Alnus sibirica f. hirsutoides Koidz.；Alnus tinctoria var. microphylla Nakai；Alnus tinctoria var. velutina H.Hara；Alnus tinctoria f. hirsutoides (Koidz.) H.Hara；Alnus tinctoria var. glabra Callier；Alnus sibirica var. tinctoria (Sarg.) Koidz.；Alnus sibirica f. obtusiloba Koidz.；Alnus sibirica f. acutiloba Koidz.；Alnus sibirica f. glabra (Callier) Koidz.；Alnus tinctoria f. acutiloba (Koidz.) H.Hara；Alnus hirsuta f. macrophylla Callier；Alnus tinctoria var. obtusiloba Callier；Alnus tinctoria var. mandschurica Callier；Alnus hirsuta f. inokumae (Murai & Kusaka) H.Ohba；Alnus hirsuta f. sibirica (Spach) H.Ohba；Alnus hirsuta var. microphylla (Nakai) Tatew.；Alnus incana subsp. hirsuta (Spach) Á.Löve & D.Löve；Alnus incana var. tinctoria (Sarg.) H.J.P.Winkl.
科属（Family & Genus）：桦木科（Betulaceae）桤木属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高6-15（-20）米；树皮灰褐色，光滑；枝条暗灰色，具棱，无毛；小枝褐色，密被灰色短柔毛，很少近无毛；芽具柄，具2枚疏被长柔毛的芽鳞。叶近圆形，很少近卵形，长4-9厘米，宽2.5-9厘米，顶端圆，很少锐尖，基部圆形或宽楔形，很少截形或近心形，边缘具波状缺刻，缺刻间具不规则的粗锯齿，上面暗褐色，疏被长柔毛，下面淡绿色或粉绿色，密被褐色短粗毛或疏被毛至无毛，有时脉腋间具簇生的髯毛，侧脉5-10对；叶柄长1.5-5.5厘米，密被短柔毛。果序2-8枚呈总状或圆锥状排列，近球形或矩圆形，长1-2厘米；序梗极短，长2-3毫米或几无梗；果苞木质，长3-4毫米，顶端微圆，具5枚浅裂片。小坚果宽卵形，长约3毫米；果翅厚纸质，极狭，宽及果的1/4。
分布（Distribution）：产东北及山东，生于海拔700-1500米的山坡林中、岸边或潮湿地。俄罗斯、朝鲜及日本也有。
用途（Use）：木材坚实，可作家具或农具。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 4 Page 303
Alnus hirsuta Turczaninow ex Ruprecht, Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 2. 15: 376. 1857.
辽东桤木 liao dong qi mu | Betulaceae  | Alnus
Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica (Fischer ex Turczaninow) C. K. Schneider; A. incana (Linnaeus) Moench var. glauca Regel; A. incana var. hirsuta Spach; Alnus incana var. sibirica Spach; A. sibirica Fischer ex Turczaninow; A. sibirica var. hirsuta (Turczaninow ex Ruprecht) Koidzumi; A. sibirica var. oxyloba C. K. Schneider; A. sibirica var. paucinervis C. K. Schneider; A. tinctoria Sargent.
Trees to 20 m tall; bark gray-brown, smooth. Branchlets dark gray, angular, densely gray pubescent when young, glabrescent. Buds stipitate, with 2 scales, sparsely pubescent. Petiole 1.5-5.5 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade suborbicular, rarely broadly ovate, 4-9 × 2.5-9 cm, abaxially light green or glaucescent, densely or sparsely brown hispidulous, rarely subglabrous, sometimes bearded in axils of lateral veins, adaxially dark green, sparsely villous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, rarely cuneate or subcordate, margin undulate-serrate, apex rounded, rarely acute; lateral veins 5-10 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 2-8 in a raceme, subglobose or oblong, 1-2 cm; peduncle 2-3 mm; bracts 3-4 mm, woody, base cuneate, apex rounded, 5-lobed. Nutlet broadly ovate, ca. 3 mm, with papery wings ca. 1/4 as wide as nutlet. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
Temperate forests, along streambanks; 700-1500 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong [Japan, Korea, Russia (Siberia)]
The wood is hard and dense, and is used for making agricultural tools and furniture.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）