罗汉果Siraitia grosvenorii
中文名(Chinese Name):罗汉果
学名(Scientific Name):Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):光果木鳖
异名(Synonym):Momordica grosvenorii Swingle Thladiantha grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey
科属(Family & Genus):葫芦科Cucurbitaceae 罗汉果属Siraitia
形态特征(Description):攀援草本;根多年生,肥大,纺锤形或近球形;茎、枝稍粗壮,有棱沟,初被黄褐色柔毛和黑色疣状腺鳞,后毛渐脱落变近无毛。叶柄长3-10厘米,被同枝条一样的毛被和腺鳞;叶片膜质,卵形心形、三角状卵形或阔卵状心形,长12-23厘米,宽5-17厘米,先端渐尖或长渐尖,基部心形,弯缺半圆形或近圆形,深2-3厘米,宽3-4厘米,边缘微波状,由于小脉伸出而有小齿,有缘毛,叶面绿色,被稀疏柔毛和黑色疣状腺鳞,老后毛渐脱落变近无毛,叶背淡绿,被短柔毛和混生黑色疣状腺鳞;卷须稍粗壮,初时被短柔毛后渐变近无毛,2歧,在分叉点上下同时旋卷。雌雄异株。雄花序总状,6-10朵花生于花序轴上部,花序轴长7-13厘米,像花梗、花萼一样被短柔毛和黑色疣状腺鳞;花梗稍细,长5-15毫米;花萼筒宽钟状,长4-5毫米,上部径8毫米,喉部常具3枚长圆形、长约3毫米的膜质鳞片,花萼裂片5,三角形,长约4.5毫米,基部宽3毫米,先端钻状尾尖,具3脉,脉稍隆起;花冠黄色,被黑色腺点,裂片5,长圆形,长1-1.5厘米,宽7-8毫米,先端锐尖,常具5脉;雄蕊5,插生于筒的近基部,两两基部靠合,1枚分离,花丝基部膨大,被短柔毛,长约4毫米,花药1室,长约3毫米,药室S形折曲。雌花单生或2-5朵集生于6-8厘米长的总梗顶端,总梗粗壮;花萼和花冠比雄花大;退化雄蕊5枚,长2-2.5毫米,成对基部合生,1枚离生;子房长圆形,长10-12毫米,径5-6毫米,基部钝圆,顶端稍缢缩,密生黄褐色茸毛,花柱短粗,长2.5毫米,柱头3,膨大,镰形2裂,长1.5毫米。果实球形或长圆形,长6-11厘米,径4-8厘米,初密生黄褐色茸毛和混生黑色腺鳞,老后渐脱落而仅在果梗着生处残存一圈茸毛,果皮较薄,干后易脆。种子多数,淡黄色,近圆形或阔卵形,扁压状,长15-18毫米,宽10-12毫米,基部钝圆,顶端稍稍变狭,两面中央稍凹陷,周围有放射状沟纹,边缘有微波状缘檐。花期5-7月,果期7-9月。
分布(Distribution):产广西、贵州、湖南南部、广东和江西。常生于海拔400-1400米的山坡林下及河边湿地、灌丛
用途(Use):果实入药,味甘甜,甜度比蔗糖高150倍,有润肺、祛痰、消渴之效,也可作清凉饮料,煎汤代茶,能润解肺燥;叶子晒干后临床用以治慢性咽炎、慢性支气管炎等。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 19 Page 19
Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex A. M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang, Guihaia. 4: 29. 1984.
罗汉果 luo han guo | Cucurbitaceae | Siraitia
Momordica grosvenorii Swingle, J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 198. 1941; Thladiantha grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey.
Plant: all parts with yellow-brown pubescence and black glandular scales. Root enlarged, fusiform or subglobose. Stem and branches slightly robust. Petiole 3-10 cm; leaf blade ovate-cordate, 12-23 × 5-17 cm, membranous, apex acuminate or long acuminate; sinus semicircular or broadly ovate-cordate. Male flowers: inflorescence racemose, 6-10-flowered; peduncle 7-13 cm; pedicels slender, 5-15 mm; calyx tube broadly campanulate, 4-5 × ca. 8 mm, usually with 3 membranous scales; segments triangular, ca. 4.5 × 3 mm, 3-veined, apex long acuminate; corolla yellow; segments oblong, 10-15 × 7-8 mm, 5-veined, apex acute; filaments puberulent, ca. 4 mm; anthers ca. 3 mm. Female flowers solitary or 2-5 on 6-8 mm peduncle; calyx and corolla as in male flowers but slightly larger; staminodes 2-2.5 mm; ovary oblong, 10-12 × 5-6 mm, densely yellow-brown velvety, base obtuse-rounded; style ca. 2.5 mm; stigmas 3, enlarged, ca. 1.5 mm. Fruit globose or oblong, 6-11 × 4-8 cm, densely yellow-brown velvety and black glandular-scaly, ultimately glabrous. Seeds numerous, pale yellow, broadly ovate, compressed, 15-18 × 10-12 mm, base obtuse-rounded, with 2-layered wings, wings sinuate. Fl. May-Jul, fl. Jul-Sep.
● Forests on mountain slopes, riversides, thickets. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S Hunan, Jiangxi.
The fruit is used medicinally.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
学名(Scientific Name):Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):光果木鳖
异名(Synonym):Momordica grosvenorii Swingle Thladiantha grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey
科属(Family & Genus):葫芦科Cucurbitaceae 罗汉果属Siraitia
形态特征(Description):攀援草本;根多年生,肥大,纺锤形或近球形;茎、枝稍粗壮,有棱沟,初被黄褐色柔毛和黑色疣状腺鳞,后毛渐脱落变近无毛。叶柄长3-10厘米,被同枝条一样的毛被和腺鳞;叶片膜质,卵形心形、三角状卵形或阔卵状心形,长12-23厘米,宽5-17厘米,先端渐尖或长渐尖,基部心形,弯缺半圆形或近圆形,深2-3厘米,宽3-4厘米,边缘微波状,由于小脉伸出而有小齿,有缘毛,叶面绿色,被稀疏柔毛和黑色疣状腺鳞,老后毛渐脱落变近无毛,叶背淡绿,被短柔毛和混生黑色疣状腺鳞;卷须稍粗壮,初时被短柔毛后渐变近无毛,2歧,在分叉点上下同时旋卷。雌雄异株。雄花序总状,6-10朵花生于花序轴上部,花序轴长7-13厘米,像花梗、花萼一样被短柔毛和黑色疣状腺鳞;花梗稍细,长5-15毫米;花萼筒宽钟状,长4-5毫米,上部径8毫米,喉部常具3枚长圆形、长约3毫米的膜质鳞片,花萼裂片5,三角形,长约4.5毫米,基部宽3毫米,先端钻状尾尖,具3脉,脉稍隆起;花冠黄色,被黑色腺点,裂片5,长圆形,长1-1.5厘米,宽7-8毫米,先端锐尖,常具5脉;雄蕊5,插生于筒的近基部,两两基部靠合,1枚分离,花丝基部膨大,被短柔毛,长约4毫米,花药1室,长约3毫米,药室S形折曲。雌花单生或2-5朵集生于6-8厘米长的总梗顶端,总梗粗壮;花萼和花冠比雄花大;退化雄蕊5枚,长2-2.5毫米,成对基部合生,1枚离生;子房长圆形,长10-12毫米,径5-6毫米,基部钝圆,顶端稍缢缩,密生黄褐色茸毛,花柱短粗,长2.5毫米,柱头3,膨大,镰形2裂,长1.5毫米。果实球形或长圆形,长6-11厘米,径4-8厘米,初密生黄褐色茸毛和混生黑色腺鳞,老后渐脱落而仅在果梗着生处残存一圈茸毛,果皮较薄,干后易脆。种子多数,淡黄色,近圆形或阔卵形,扁压状,长15-18毫米,宽10-12毫米,基部钝圆,顶端稍稍变狭,两面中央稍凹陷,周围有放射状沟纹,边缘有微波状缘檐。花期5-7月,果期7-9月。
分布(Distribution):产广西、贵州、湖南南部、广东和江西。常生于海拔400-1400米的山坡林下及河边湿地、灌丛
用途(Use):果实入药,味甘甜,甜度比蔗糖高150倍,有润肺、祛痰、消渴之效,也可作清凉饮料,煎汤代茶,能润解肺燥;叶子晒干后临床用以治慢性咽炎、慢性支气管炎等。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 19 Page 19
Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex A. M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang, Guihaia. 4: 29. 1984.
罗汉果 luo han guo | Cucurbitaceae | Siraitia
Momordica grosvenorii Swingle, J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 198. 1941; Thladiantha grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey.
Plant: all parts with yellow-brown pubescence and black glandular scales. Root enlarged, fusiform or subglobose. Stem and branches slightly robust. Petiole 3-10 cm; leaf blade ovate-cordate, 12-23 × 5-17 cm, membranous, apex acuminate or long acuminate; sinus semicircular or broadly ovate-cordate. Male flowers: inflorescence racemose, 6-10-flowered; peduncle 7-13 cm; pedicels slender, 5-15 mm; calyx tube broadly campanulate, 4-5 × ca. 8 mm, usually with 3 membranous scales; segments triangular, ca. 4.5 × 3 mm, 3-veined, apex long acuminate; corolla yellow; segments oblong, 10-15 × 7-8 mm, 5-veined, apex acute; filaments puberulent, ca. 4 mm; anthers ca. 3 mm. Female flowers solitary or 2-5 on 6-8 mm peduncle; calyx and corolla as in male flowers but slightly larger; staminodes 2-2.5 mm; ovary oblong, 10-12 × 5-6 mm, densely yellow-brown velvety, base obtuse-rounded; style ca. 2.5 mm; stigmas 3, enlarged, ca. 1.5 mm. Fruit globose or oblong, 6-11 × 4-8 cm, densely yellow-brown velvety and black glandular-scaly, ultimately glabrous. Seeds numerous, pale yellow, broadly ovate, compressed, 15-18 × 10-12 mm, base obtuse-rounded, with 2-layered wings, wings sinuate. Fl. May-Jul, fl. Jul-Sep.
● Forests on mountain slopes, riversides, thickets. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S Hunan, Jiangxi.
The fruit is used medicinally.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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