巴戟天Morinda officinalis
中文名（Chinese Name）：巴戟天
学名（Scientific Name）：Morinda officinalis How
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大巴戟
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：茜草科（Rubiaceae）巴戟天属
形态特征（Description）：藤本；肉质根不定位肠状缢缩，根肉略紫红色，干后紫蓝色；嫩枝被长短不一粗毛，后脱落变粗糙，老枝无毛，具棱，棕色或蓝黑色。叶薄或稍厚，纸质，干后棕色，长圆形，卵状长圆形或倒卵状长圆形，长6-13厘米，宽3-6厘米，顶端急尖或具小短尖，基部纯、圆或楔形，边全缘，有时具稀疏短缘毛，上面初时被稀疏、紧贴长粗毛，后变无毛，中脉线状隆起，多少被刺状硬毛或弯毛，下面无毛或中脉处被疏短粗毛；侧脉每边(4-)5-7条，弯拱向上，在边缘或近边缘处相联接，网脉明显或不明显；叶柄长4-11毫米，下面密被短粗毛；托叶长3-5毫米，顶部截平，干膜质，易碎落。花序3-7伞形排列于枝顶；花序梗长5-10毫米，被短柔毛，基部常具卵形或线形总苞片1；头状花序具花4-10朵；花(2-)3(-4)基数，无花梗；花萼倒圆锥状，下部与邻近花萼合生，顶部具波状齿2-3，外侧一齿特大，三角状披针形，顶尖或钝，其余齿极小；花冠白色，近钟状，稍肉质，长6-7毫米，冠管长3-4毫米，顶部收狭而呈壶状，檐部通常3裂，有时4或2裂，裂片卵形或长圆形，顶部向外隆起，向内钩状弯折，外面被疏短毛，内面中部以下至喉部密被髯毛；雄蕊与花冠裂片同数，着生于裂片侧基部，花丝极短，花药背着，长约2毫米；花柱外伸，柱头长圆形或花柱内藏，柱头不膨大，2等裂或2不等裂，子房(2-)3(-4)室，每室胚珠1颗，着生于隔膜下部。聚花核果由多花或单花发育而成，熟时红色，扁球形或近球形，直径5-11毫米；核果具分核(2-)3(-4)；分核三棱形，外侧弯拱，被毛状物，内面具种子1，果柄极短；种子熟时黑色，略呈三棱形，无毛。花期5-7月，果熟期10-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产福建、广东、海南、广西，生于山地疏、密林下和灌丛中，常攀于灌木或树干上。中南半岛也有分布。
用途（Use）：本种是现代中药巴戟天的原植物，其肉质根的根肉晒干即成药材“巴戟天”。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 221, 226
Morinda officinalis F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 326. 1958.
巴戟天 ba ji tian| Rubiaceae | Morinda
Lianas; branches surrounded at base by persistent leafless stipules, when young strigillose, hirtellous, or pilose, becoming glabrescent and scabrous, angled, brown or bluish black. Leaves opposite; petiole 4-11 mm, densely puberulent, strigillose, hirtellous, or hirsute to glabrescent; blade drying papery, on both surfaces brown to yellow-brown, shiny to matte adaxially, matte abaxially, ovate-oblong, obovate-oblong, or elliptic, 6-13 × 3-6 cm, adaxially sparsely strigillose, hirtellous, or hirsute to glabrescent, abaxially glabrous or sparsely hirtellous along principal veins, base obtuse, rounded, cuneate, or acute, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded and abruptly mucronulate; secondary veins (4 or)5-7 pairs, with small pilosulous domatia; stipules fused into a spathe or tube, 3-5 mm, membranous, puberulent to hirtellous, truncate, on each side 2-denticulate. Inflorescence terminal; peduncles 1-7 or 15-25, umbellate or fasciculate, 0.1-1 cm, densely hirtellous to strigillose, as a group usually subtended by 1 or 2 stipuliform bracts; heads 1 per peduncle, subglobose to hemispherical, 5-7 mm in diam., 1-3- or 4-10-flowered. Flowers fused for ca. half of hypanthium, biology not noted. Calyx puberulent to glabrous; limb 1-1.5 mm, lobed for ca. 1/2; lobes 2-4, triangular, sometimes markedly unequal on an individual flower, obtuse to acute. Corolla white, campanulate or urceolate, outside puberulent, hirtellous, or glabrescent; tube 3-4 mm, inside densely villosulous from middle of tube to throat; lobes (2-)4, lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 3-4 mm, apically thickened and rostrate. Drupecetum globose to oblate, 5-11 mm in diam. Drupes fully fused, red, subglobose, 4-5 mm. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Oct-Nov.
● Sparse or dense forests and thickets on mountains, also cultivated; 100-500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.
According to the protologue, the species is apparently cultivated and used medicinally. The roots were described by Y. Z. Ruan (in FRPS 71(2): 199. 1999) as fleshy, irregularly intestine-like constricted, slightly purplish red, purplish blue when dry; they are illustrated in the protologue figure. The roots of almost no other Morinda species have been described by Y. Z. Ruan or any other authors seen.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Morinda officinalis How
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大巴戟
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：茜草科（Rubiaceae）巴戟天属
形态特征（Description）：藤本；肉质根不定位肠状缢缩，根肉略紫红色，干后紫蓝色；嫩枝被长短不一粗毛，后脱落变粗糙，老枝无毛，具棱，棕色或蓝黑色。叶薄或稍厚，纸质，干后棕色，长圆形，卵状长圆形或倒卵状长圆形，长6-13厘米，宽3-6厘米，顶端急尖或具小短尖，基部纯、圆或楔形，边全缘，有时具稀疏短缘毛，上面初时被稀疏、紧贴长粗毛，后变无毛，中脉线状隆起，多少被刺状硬毛或弯毛，下面无毛或中脉处被疏短粗毛；侧脉每边(4-)5-7条，弯拱向上，在边缘或近边缘处相联接，网脉明显或不明显；叶柄长4-11毫米，下面密被短粗毛；托叶长3-5毫米，顶部截平，干膜质，易碎落。花序3-7伞形排列于枝顶；花序梗长5-10毫米，被短柔毛，基部常具卵形或线形总苞片1；头状花序具花4-10朵；花(2-)3(-4)基数，无花梗；花萼倒圆锥状，下部与邻近花萼合生，顶部具波状齿2-3，外侧一齿特大，三角状披针形，顶尖或钝，其余齿极小；花冠白色，近钟状，稍肉质，长6-7毫米，冠管长3-4毫米，顶部收狭而呈壶状，檐部通常3裂，有时4或2裂，裂片卵形或长圆形，顶部向外隆起，向内钩状弯折，外面被疏短毛，内面中部以下至喉部密被髯毛；雄蕊与花冠裂片同数，着生于裂片侧基部，花丝极短，花药背着，长约2毫米；花柱外伸，柱头长圆形或花柱内藏，柱头不膨大，2等裂或2不等裂，子房(2-)3(-4)室，每室胚珠1颗，着生于隔膜下部。聚花核果由多花或单花发育而成，熟时红色，扁球形或近球形，直径5-11毫米；核果具分核(2-)3(-4)；分核三棱形，外侧弯拱，被毛状物，内面具种子1，果柄极短；种子熟时黑色，略呈三棱形，无毛。花期5-7月，果熟期10-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产福建、广东、海南、广西，生于山地疏、密林下和灌丛中，常攀于灌木或树干上。中南半岛也有分布。
用途（Use）：本种是现代中药巴戟天的原植物，其肉质根的根肉晒干即成药材“巴戟天”。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 221, 226
Morinda officinalis F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 326. 1958.
巴戟天 ba ji tian| Rubiaceae | Morinda
Lianas; branches surrounded at base by persistent leafless stipules, when young strigillose, hirtellous, or pilose, becoming glabrescent and scabrous, angled, brown or bluish black. Leaves opposite; petiole 4-11 mm, densely puberulent, strigillose, hirtellous, or hirsute to glabrescent; blade drying papery, on both surfaces brown to yellow-brown, shiny to matte adaxially, matte abaxially, ovate-oblong, obovate-oblong, or elliptic, 6-13 × 3-6 cm, adaxially sparsely strigillose, hirtellous, or hirsute to glabrescent, abaxially glabrous or sparsely hirtellous along principal veins, base obtuse, rounded, cuneate, or acute, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded and abruptly mucronulate; secondary veins (4 or)5-7 pairs, with small pilosulous domatia; stipules fused into a spathe or tube, 3-5 mm, membranous, puberulent to hirtellous, truncate, on each side 2-denticulate. Inflorescence terminal; peduncles 1-7 or 15-25, umbellate or fasciculate, 0.1-1 cm, densely hirtellous to strigillose, as a group usually subtended by 1 or 2 stipuliform bracts; heads 1 per peduncle, subglobose to hemispherical, 5-7 mm in diam., 1-3- or 4-10-flowered. Flowers fused for ca. half of hypanthium, biology not noted. Calyx puberulent to glabrous; limb 1-1.5 mm, lobed for ca. 1/2; lobes 2-4, triangular, sometimes markedly unequal on an individual flower, obtuse to acute. Corolla white, campanulate or urceolate, outside puberulent, hirtellous, or glabrescent; tube 3-4 mm, inside densely villosulous from middle of tube to throat; lobes (2-)4, lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 3-4 mm, apically thickened and rostrate. Drupecetum globose to oblate, 5-11 mm in diam. Drupes fully fused, red, subglobose, 4-5 mm. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Oct-Nov.
● Sparse or dense forests and thickets on mountains, also cultivated; 100-500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.
According to the protologue, the species is apparently cultivated and used medicinally. The roots were described by Y. Z. Ruan (in FRPS 71(2): 199. 1999) as fleshy, irregularly intestine-like constricted, slightly purplish red, purplish blue when dry; they are illustrated in the protologue figure. The roots of almost no other Morinda species have been described by Y. Z. Ruan or any other authors seen.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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