大叶岩角藤Rhaphidophora megaphylla
中文名(Chinese Name):大叶岩角藤
学名(Scientific Name):Rhaphidophora megaphylla H. Li
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):
科属(Family & Genus):天南星科(Araceae)崖角藤属
形态特征(Description):附生藤本植物,攀援高达30米以上。茎圆柱形,粗壮,粗3-4厘米,节间长1-6厘米;气生根肉质,圆柱形,粗1-2毫米。叶柄绿色,近圆柱形,长50-70厘米,基部粗约2厘米,腹面具浅槽,槽干时宽4毫米,两侧有膜质叶鞘达关节,脱落,关节长3厘米;叶片绿色,背面淡绿色,革质,极大,卵状长圆形,先端骤尖,基部心形、全缘,长50-70厘米,宽28-50厘米,中肋粗壮,上面扁平,背面明显隆起,基部宽达3毫米,I级侧脉10-13对,腹面不显,背面隆起,几平伸,与中肋成80-90度锐角,至边缘弧曲上升并连接,II、III级侧脉较纤细,极多数,与I级侧脉平行,脉距约3毫米,其间具网状细脉。花序顶生和腋生,基部有长25厘米、宽4-5厘米的披针形苞片。花序柄绿色,长15-16厘米,粗2厘米。佛焰苞狭长,席卷,蕾时长20-27厘米,绿白色,长渐尖,人为展平宽16厘米,花时舟状展开,淡黄色,肉质,先端盔状,干时厚达2毫米。肉穗花序无梗,淡黄绿色,干时绿黑色,圆柱形,长约17-20厘米,粗2-3厘米,先端钝,基部斜圆形。花密集,两性:子房角柱状,长7毫米,顶部截平,呈四边形或六边形,柱头头状,突起,无柄;胚珠多数(≥8),长椭圆形或圆柱形;株柄细长,基部具微毛,生于侧膜胎座上。雄蕊4,花丝扁,长2-3毫米,宽0.5-1毫米,花药小,黄色。花期4-8月。
分布(Distribution):产云南,为我国特有种,生于海拔600-1300米的潮湿热带密林中的树上及石灰岩崖壁上。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 23 Page 11, 12, 15
Rhaphidophora megaphylla H. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15(2): 102. 1977.
大叶崖角藤 da ye ya jiao teng | Araceae | Rhaphidophora
Lianas, very large to gigantic, to 40 m, very robust. Stem cylindric, very thick, 3-4 cm in diam., internodes 1-6 cm. Leaves dense, spiro-distichous; petiole green, canaliculate, 50-70 cm; petiolar sheath extending to ca. halfway, soon marcescent; leaf blade light green abaxially, green adaxially, ovate-oblong, very large, 50-70[-90] × 28-50 cm, stiffly leathery, base cordate, margin entire, apex abruptly acuminate; primary lateral veins 10-13 on each side, diverging at 80-90° from midrib. Inflorescences in fascicles of up to 4 inflorescences per synflorescence at tips of primary clinging shoots, appearing axillary. Peduncle green, 15-18 × ca. 2 cm. Spathe initially inrolled, white-green, afterward spreading, light yellow, opening deep yellow, oblong-cymbiform, 20-27 × ca. 16 cm, very thick (ca. 2 mm when dry). Spadix sessile, yellow-green, when dry green-black, cylindric, 18-25 × ca. 2.5 cm, base oblique, apex obtuse. Stamens 4; filaments compressed, 2-3 × 0.5-1 mm; anthers yellow, small. Ovary tetragonal- or hexagonal-cylindric, ca. 7 mm; stigma sessile, punctiform; ovules narrowly ellipsoid or cylindric; funicle long and thin, base hairy. Infructescence broadly cylindric, up to 30 × 5 cm. Fl. Apr-Aug.
Moist rain forests in limestone areas, on large trees or on limestone; 600-1300 m. S Yunnan [N Laos, N Thailand, N Vietnam].
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