广西马兜铃Aristolochia kwangsiensis
中文名(Chinese Name):广西马兜铃
学名(Scientific Name):Aristolochia kwangsiensis Chun et How ex C. F. Liang
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):大叶马兜铃
异名(Synonym):Aristolochia austroszechuanica C. B. Chien et C. Y. Cheng
科属(Family & Genus):马兜铃科(Aristolochiaceae)马兜铃属
形态特征(Description):木质大藤本;块根椭圆形或纺锤形,常数个相连,表面棕褐色,外皮常有裂纹,内面淡黄色;嫩枝有稜,密被污黄色或淡棕色长硬毛,老枝无毛,有增厚、呈长条状剥落的木栓层。叶厚纸质至革质,卵状心形或圆形,长11-25(-35)厘米,宽9-22(-32)厘米,顶端钝或短尖,基部宽心形,湾缺深3-5厘米,边全缘,嫩叶上面疏被长硬毛,成长叶除叶脉外,两面均密被污黄色或淡棕色长硬毛;基出脉5条,侧脉每边3-5条,网脉上面平坦或稍隆起,下面明显隆起;叶柄长6-15厘米,直径3-5毫米,上面有深槽,密被长硬毛。总状花序腋生,有花2-3朵;花梗长2.5-3.5厘米,常向下弯垂,密被污黄色或淡棕色长硬毛,近基部具小苞片;小苞片钻形,长约3毫米,密被长硬毛;花被管中部急遽弯曲,下部长2-3.5厘米,直径0.5-1厘米,弯曲处至檐部与下部近等长而较狭,外面淡绿色,具褐色纵脉纹和纵稜,密被淡棕色长硬毛,内面无毛;檐部盘状,近圆三角形,直径3.5-4.5厘米,上面兰紫色而有暗红色棘状突起,具网脉,外面密被棕色长硬毛,边缘浅3裂,裂片平展,阔三角形,长约1.5厘米,宽约2厘米,边缘常外反,顶端短尖,喉部近圆形,黄色,稍突出成领状;花药长圆形,成对贴生于合蕊柱近基部,并与其裂片对生,子房圆柱形,长约1厘米,6稜;合蕊柱顶端3裂,裂片顶端钝,边缘向下延伸而翻卷,具乳头状突起。蒴果暗黄色,长圆柱形,长8-10厘米,直径约2厘米,有6稜,顶端具长约3毫米的喙,基部收狭;成熟时自顶端向下6瓣开裂;种子卵形,长约5毫米,宽约4毫米,背面平凸状,腹面凹入,栗褐色。花期4-5月,果期8-9月。
分布(Distribution):产广西、云南、四川、贵州、湖南、浙江、广东及福建等。生于海参拔600-1600米的山谷林中。
用途(Use):块根入药,味苦、性寒,有小毒。有清热、解毒、止血、止痛之效,治喉痛、腹痛、跌打、疟疾、蛇伤等。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 5 Page 262
Aristolochia kwangsiensis W. Y. Chun & F. C. How ex C. F. Liang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(2): 12. 1975.
广西马兜铃 guang xi ma dou ling| Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia
?Aristolochia austroszechuanica J. L. Wu & Z. L. Yang.
Shrubs climbing. Stems terete, shallowly striate, densely dusty yellow to brownish hirsute. Petiole 6-15 cm, densely hirsute; leaf blade cordate to orbicular, 11-13 × 9-32 cm, papery, both surfaces moderately to densely hirsute, veins palmate, 2 pairs from base, base cordate or auriculate, sinus 3-5 cm deep, apex obtuse or acute. Racemes in axils of leafy shoots, 2- or 3-flowered. Pedicel pendulous, 2.5-3.5 cm, hirsute; bractlets subulate, 3-6 mm. Calyx limb dark purple, throat yellow, 4-5 cm; tube horseshoe-shaped, abaxially densely hirsute; basal portion of tube 20-35 × 3-10 mm; limb discoid-suborbicular, 3.5-4.5 cm in diam., distinctly 3-lobed; lobes broadly deltoid. Anthers oblong, ca. 2 mm. Gynostemium 3-lobed. Capsule cylindric, 8-10 × 2 cm, dehiscing basipetally. Seeds ovoid, 5 × 4 mm. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Aug-Sep.
* Forests on mountain slopes; 600-1600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
Aristolochia austroszechuanica is included here on the basis of the protologue; further research is needed to clarify its position and status.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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