穗状狐尾藻Myriophyllum spicatum

中文名(Chinese Name):穗状狐尾藻
学名(Scientific Name):Myriophyllum spicatum L.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):聚藻、金鱼藻
异名(Synonym):Eurasian watermilfoil
科属(Family & Genus):小二仙草科(Haloragaceae)狐尾藻属
形态特征(Description):多年生沉水草本。根状茎发达,在水底泥中蔓延,节部生根。茎圆柱形,长1-2.5米,分枝极多。叶常5片轮生(或4-6片轮生、或3-4片轮生),长3.5厘米,丝状全细裂,叶的裂片约13对,细线形,裂片长1-1.5厘米;叶柄极短或不存在。花两性,单性或杂性,雌雄同株,单生于苞片状叶腋内,常4朵轮生,由多数花排成近裸颓的顶生或腋生的穗状花序,长6-10厘米,生于水面上。如为单性花,则上部为雄花,下部为雌花,中部有时为两性花,基部有一对苞片,其中1片稍大、为广椭圆形,长1-3毫米,全缘或呈羽状齿裂。雄花:萼筒广钟状,顶端4深裂、平滑;花瓣4,阔匙形,凹陷,长2.5毫米,顶端圆形、粉红色;雄蕊8,花药长椭圆形,长2毫米;淡黄色;无花梗。雌花:萼筒管状,4深裂;花瓣缺,或不明显;子房下位、4室,花柱4,很短、偏于一侧,柱头羽毛状,向外反转,具4胚珠;大苞片矩圆形,全缘或有细锯齿,较花瓣为短,小苞片近圆形,边缘有锯齿。分果广卵形或卵状椭圆形,长2-3毫米,具4纵深沟,沟缘表面光滑。花期从春到秋陆续开放,4-9月陆续结果。
分布(Distribution):世界广布种,我国南北各地池塘、河沟、沼泽中常有生长。
用途(Use):全草入药,清凉,解毒,止痢,治慢性下痢。夏季生长旺盛,一年四季可采,可为养猪、养鱼、养鸭的饲料。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 430
Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 992. 1753.
穗状狐尾藻 sui zhuang hu wei zao| Haloragaceae  | Myriophyllum
Plants mostly monoecious, rarely with bisexual flowers. Stem much branched, 100-250 cm, densely leafy in upper part, sparsely light green warty; internodes ca. 3 cm. Submerged leaves 4- or 5-whorled, pectinate, broadly ovate in outline, 3-3.5 × 1-2.5 cm; segments in 13-16 pairs, filiform, 1-1.5 cm. Inflorescence a terminal spike of 4-whorled flowers, 6-10 cm; bracts reniform or suborbicular, shorter than flowers, broader than long. Male flowers: bracteoles rhombic to elongate, margin entire; calyx broadly campanulate, 0.5-1 mm, 4-parted nearly to middle; petals 4(or 5), pale pink, elliptic, 1.5-2.5 mm; stamens 8, without androphore. Female flowers: bracteoles pectinate, lanceolate in outline; calyx tubiform, 0.7-1 mm, margin shortly lobed; petals absent or minute and caducous. Fruit 4-loculed, subcylindric, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm; mericarps abaxially rounded, smooth or sparsely verrucose along margins. Fl. and fr. Apr-Sep.
Stagnant waters, lakes, ditches, slow streams, springs; near sea level to 4200 m, rarely to 5200 m in springs in Xizang. Throughout China [Asia, Europe].
穗状狐尾藻Myriophyllum spicatum

穗状狐尾藻Myriophyllum spicatum(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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