芦苇Phragmites australis
中文名（Chinese Name）：芦苇
学名（Scientific Name）：Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
英文名（English Common Name）：common reed
别名（Chinese Common Name）：芦、苇、葭
异名（Synonym）：Phragmites communis Trin. Phragmites australis var. berlandieri (Fourn.) C.F. Reed Phragmites communis var. berlandieri (Fourn.) Fern. Arundo pungens Steud. Trichoon phragmites (L.) Rendle Arundo graeca Link Phragmites graecus (Link) Steud. Phragmites australis var. marsillianus (Mabille) Kerguélen Phragmites jahandiezii Sennen & Mauricio Phragmites flexuosus Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites explanatus Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites egmontianus (Roem. & Schult.) Steud. Donax australis Steud. Arundo aggerum Kit. Phragmites chilensis Steud. Arundo naga J.Koenig ex Steud. Arundo rivularis Steud. Phragmites occidentalis Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites martinicensis Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites nagus Steud. Phragmites minor Steud. Phragmites fissifolius Steud. Phragmites filiformis Steud. Arundo phragmites f. salsa Podp. Phragmites xenochloa Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites longivalvis Steud. Phragmites jeholensis Honda Phragmites willkommianus Mabille Phragmites nigricans (Mérat) Mabille Phragmites communis var. hirsutus (Kitag.) Conert Phragmites pumilus Willk. Phragmites maritimus Mabille Phragmites chrysanthus var. marsillianus Mabille Phragmites australis f. subuniflora (DC.) Dobrescu Phragmites communis f. salsa (Podp.) Soó Phragmites australis var. salsa (Podp.) Soó Phragmites caudatus Nees Phragmites communis var. turkestanicus Drobow Phragmites communis f. piliferus Ohwi Phragmites australis subsp. maritimus (Mabille) Soó Oxyanthe phragmites (L.) Nieuwl. Arundo barbata Burch. Remirea diffusa Sieber ex Steud. Phragmites australis f. piliferus (Ohwi) H.Hara Arundo palustris Salisb. Arundo occidentalis Sieber ex Schult. Phragmites nakaianus Honda Phragmites communis var. longivalvis (Steud.) Miq. Phragmites communis var. marsillianus (Mabille) Briq. Cynodon phragmites (L.) Raspail Phragmites humilis De Not. Phragmites arundinaceus J.Allam. ex Munro Phragmites communis subsp. berlandieri (E.Fourn.) Á.Löve Phragmites australis var. stenophyllus (Boiss.) S.K.Jain & Doli Das Phragmites barbatus Stapf Arundo phragmites var. subuniflora DC. Phragmites communis var. striatopictus Rchb. Arundo vulgaris Lam. Arundo egmontiana Roem. & Schult. Phragmites communis var. stenophyllus Boiss. Xenochloa arundinacea Licht. Phragmites communis var. humilis (De Not.) Parl. Phragmites loscosii Willk. Phragmites frutescens H.Scholz Phragmites maximus var. berlandieri (E.Fourn.) Moldenke Arundo filiformis Hassk. Phragmites congestus Lowe Phragmites berlandieri E.Fourn. Phragmites distichus Buse Phragmites australis var. turkestanicus (Drobow) Tzvelev Phragmites communis f. repens G.Mey. Phragmites maximus var. variegatus (Bailey) Moldenke Phragmites australis var. humilis (De Not.) Tzvelev Phragmites communis subsp. hispanicus (Nees) K.Richt. Phragmites australis var. flavescens (Custer) Tzvelev Phragmites hirsutus Kitag. Phragmites australis var. striatopictus (Rchb.) Tzvelev Calamagrostis nigricans Mérat Reimaria diffusa Spreng. Phragmites breviglumis Pomel Czernya arundinacea C.Presl Arundo nigricans Mérat Phragmites emodii Arn. & Nees Phragmites hispanicus Nees Arundo naya J. K?nig ex Steud. Arundo phragmites f. chrysantha (Mabille) Asch. & Graebn. Arundo phragmites var. flavescnes (Custer) Asch. Arundo phragmites var. gracilis Mérat Arundo phragmites var. humilior M. Bieb. Arundo phragmites var. rubiculmis Wikstr. Arundo phragmites var. stenophylla (Boiss.) Asch. & Graebn. Arundo villatoria Gray Cenchrus frutescens L. Cortaderia egmontiana (Roem. & Schult.) Ma. Lyle Phragmites communis f. subnudiflorus (DC.) Asch. & Graebn. Phragmites communis subsp. chrysanthus (Mabille) K. Richt. Phragmites communis subsp. maritimus (Mabille) K. Richt. Phragmites communis subsp. nigricans (Mérat) K. Richt. Phragmites communis subsp. stenophyllus (Boiss.) K. Richt. Phragmites communis var. arundinaceus (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Conert Phragmites communis var. genuinus Stuck. Phragmites communis var. giganteus (J. Gay ex F.W. Schultz) Husn. Phragmites communis var. hispanicus (Nees) K. Richt. Phragmites communis var. maritimus (Mabille) Gaut. Phragmites communis var. pumilus (Willk.) Hack. Phragmites communis var. roxburghii Peter Phragmites communis var. rubriculmis (Wikstr.) Andersson Phragmites communis var. subnudiflorus (DC.) Mert. & W.D.J. Koch Phragmites jehandiezi Sennen & Mauricio Phragmites naya Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites phragmites var. flavescens (Custer) Druce Phragmites australis var. stenophylla (Boiss.) Bor Phragmites communis f. minor Hack. Phragmites communis f. pilifer Ohwi Phragmites phragmites var. subuniflorus (DC.) Druce Phragmites vulgaris var. humilis (De Not.) Brand Phragmites vulgaris var. longivalvis (Steud.) W. Wight Phragmites vulgaris var. maximus (Forssk.) Chiov. Phragmites vulgaris var. mossambiencis (Andersson) T. Durand & Schinz Phragmites vulgaris var. nudus (Nees) T. Durand & Schinz Phragmites vulgaris var. subuniflorus (DC.) Druce Phragmites vulnerans Gilib. ex Asch. Phragmites isiaca
科属（Family & Genus）：禾本科（Gramineae）芦苇属
形态特征（Description）：多年生，根状茎十分发达。秆直立，高1-3 (8)米，直径1-4厘米，具20多节，基部和上部的节间较短，最长节间位于下部第4-6节，长20-25 (40)厘米，节下被腊粉。叶鞘下部者短于而上部者，长于其节间；叶舌边缘密生一圈长约1毫米的短纤毛，两侧缘毛长3-5毫米，易脱落；叶片披针状线形，长30厘米，宽2厘米，无毛，顶端长渐尖成丝形。圆锥花序大型，长20-40厘米，宽约10厘米，分枝多数，长5-20厘米，着生稠密下垂的小穗；小穗柄长2-4毫米，无毛；小穗长约12毫米，含4花；颖具3脉，第一颖长4毫米；第二颖长约7毫米；第一不孕外稃雄性，长约12毫米，第二外稃长11毫米，具3脉，顶端长渐尖，基盘延长，两侧密生等长于外稃的丝状柔毛，与无毛的小穗轴相连接处具明显关节，成熟后易自关节上脱落；内稃长约3毫米，两脊粗糙；雄蕊3，花药长1.5-2毫米，黄色；颖果长约1.5毫米。染色体2n＝36（Tischler 1942，Labadie 1976 a）44，46，48（Hunter 1934，Vachova 1976），49，50，51，52，54（Avdolov 1928，1931），84（Tarnavschi 1948），96（Gorenflot et al．1972）。为高多倍体和非整倍体的植物。
分布（Distribution）：产全国各地。生于江河湖泽、池塘沟渠沿岸和低湿地。为全球广泛分布的多型种。
用途（Use）：秆为造纸原料或作编席织帘及建棚材料，茎、叶嫩时为饲料；根状茎供药用，为固堤造陆先锋环保植物。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 22 Page 448, 449
Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 1: 143. 1840.
芦苇 lu wei | Poaceae | Phragmites
Arundo australis Cavanilles, Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 100. 1799; A. phragmites Linnaeus; Phragmites communis Trinius.
Robust perennial from an extensive creeping rhizome; overground stolons sometimes present, straight, nodes glabrous. Culms up to 2 m or more tall, ca. 6 mm in diam., usually farinose below nodes, nodes glabrous or pubescent. Leaf sheaths light green, glabrous or thinly hairy; leaf blades usually drooping, up to 50 × 1–3 cm, smooth or margins scabrous, tapering to a filiform apex; ligule a minute membranous rim, ciliate, hairs 0.2–0.6 mm. Panicle 20–50 × ca. 10 cm, branches of lowermost whorl usually spiculate to base, densely hirsute at insertion; pedicels 2–4 mm, glabrous or pilose only at base. Spikelets 10–18 mm, florets 2–5; glumes acute, lower glume up to 1/2 length of lowest lemma, 3–5 mm, upper glume 6–9 mm; lowest lemma linear-lanceolate, 8–15 mm; floret callus with hairs equal to lemma; bisexual lemmas very narrowly lanceolate, 9–16 mm, apex long attenuate. Fl. and fr. Jul–Nov. 2n = 36, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 84, 96, 120.
Moist places along river banks and lake margins, forming large colonies. Throughout China [cosmopolitan].
This is an extremely polymorphic, cosmopolitan reed with numerous chromosomal variants and ecotypes. Plants from the high Himalayas sometimes form short, leafy tufts with strongly distichous, short, pungent leaf blades. Similar variants occur elsewhere in the world in extreme conditions.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
英文名（English Common Name）：common reed
别名（Chinese Common Name）：芦、苇、葭
异名（Synonym）：Phragmites communis Trin. Phragmites australis var. berlandieri (Fourn.) C.F. Reed Phragmites communis var. berlandieri (Fourn.) Fern. Arundo pungens Steud. Trichoon phragmites (L.) Rendle Arundo graeca Link Phragmites graecus (Link) Steud. Phragmites australis var. marsillianus (Mabille) Kerguélen Phragmites jahandiezii Sennen & Mauricio Phragmites flexuosus Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites explanatus Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites egmontianus (Roem. & Schult.) Steud. Donax australis Steud. Arundo aggerum Kit. Phragmites chilensis Steud. Arundo naga J.Koenig ex Steud. Arundo rivularis Steud. Phragmites occidentalis Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites martinicensis Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites nagus Steud. Phragmites minor Steud. Phragmites fissifolius Steud. Phragmites filiformis Steud. Arundo phragmites f. salsa Podp. Phragmites xenochloa Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites longivalvis Steud. Phragmites jeholensis Honda Phragmites willkommianus Mabille Phragmites nigricans (Mérat) Mabille Phragmites communis var. hirsutus (Kitag.) Conert Phragmites pumilus Willk. Phragmites maritimus Mabille Phragmites chrysanthus var. marsillianus Mabille Phragmites australis f. subuniflora (DC.) Dobrescu Phragmites communis f. salsa (Podp.) Soó Phragmites australis var. salsa (Podp.) Soó Phragmites caudatus Nees Phragmites communis var. turkestanicus Drobow Phragmites communis f. piliferus Ohwi Phragmites australis subsp. maritimus (Mabille) Soó Oxyanthe phragmites (L.) Nieuwl. Arundo barbata Burch. Remirea diffusa Sieber ex Steud. Phragmites australis f. piliferus (Ohwi) H.Hara Arundo palustris Salisb. Arundo occidentalis Sieber ex Schult. Phragmites nakaianus Honda Phragmites communis var. longivalvis (Steud.) Miq. Phragmites communis var. marsillianus (Mabille) Briq. Cynodon phragmites (L.) Raspail Phragmites humilis De Not. Phragmites arundinaceus J.Allam. ex Munro Phragmites communis subsp. berlandieri (E.Fourn.) Á.Löve Phragmites australis var. stenophyllus (Boiss.) S.K.Jain & Doli Das Phragmites barbatus Stapf Arundo phragmites var. subuniflora DC. Phragmites communis var. striatopictus Rchb. Arundo vulgaris Lam. Arundo egmontiana Roem. & Schult. Phragmites communis var. stenophyllus Boiss. Xenochloa arundinacea Licht. Phragmites communis var. humilis (De Not.) Parl. Phragmites loscosii Willk. Phragmites frutescens H.Scholz Phragmites maximus var. berlandieri (E.Fourn.) Moldenke Arundo filiformis Hassk. Phragmites congestus Lowe Phragmites berlandieri E.Fourn. Phragmites distichus Buse Phragmites australis var. turkestanicus (Drobow) Tzvelev Phragmites communis f. repens G.Mey. Phragmites maximus var. variegatus (Bailey) Moldenke Phragmites australis var. humilis (De Not.) Tzvelev Phragmites communis subsp. hispanicus (Nees) K.Richt. Phragmites australis var. flavescens (Custer) Tzvelev Phragmites hirsutus Kitag. Phragmites australis var. striatopictus (Rchb.) Tzvelev Calamagrostis nigricans Mérat Reimaria diffusa Spreng. Phragmites breviglumis Pomel Czernya arundinacea C.Presl Arundo nigricans Mérat Phragmites emodii Arn. & Nees Phragmites hispanicus Nees Arundo naya J. K?nig ex Steud. Arundo phragmites f. chrysantha (Mabille) Asch. & Graebn. Arundo phragmites var. flavescnes (Custer) Asch. Arundo phragmites var. gracilis Mérat Arundo phragmites var. humilior M. Bieb. Arundo phragmites var. rubiculmis Wikstr. Arundo phragmites var. stenophylla (Boiss.) Asch. & Graebn. Arundo villatoria Gray Cenchrus frutescens L. Cortaderia egmontiana (Roem. & Schult.) Ma. Lyle Phragmites communis f. subnudiflorus (DC.) Asch. & Graebn. Phragmites communis subsp. chrysanthus (Mabille) K. Richt. Phragmites communis subsp. maritimus (Mabille) K. Richt. Phragmites communis subsp. nigricans (Mérat) K. Richt. Phragmites communis subsp. stenophyllus (Boiss.) K. Richt. Phragmites communis var. arundinaceus (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Conert Phragmites communis var. genuinus Stuck. Phragmites communis var. giganteus (J. Gay ex F.W. Schultz) Husn. Phragmites communis var. hispanicus (Nees) K. Richt. Phragmites communis var. maritimus (Mabille) Gaut. Phragmites communis var. pumilus (Willk.) Hack. Phragmites communis var. roxburghii Peter Phragmites communis var. rubriculmis (Wikstr.) Andersson Phragmites communis var. subnudiflorus (DC.) Mert. & W.D.J. Koch Phragmites jehandiezi Sennen & Mauricio Phragmites naya Trin. ex Steud. Phragmites phragmites var. flavescens (Custer) Druce Phragmites australis var. stenophylla (Boiss.) Bor Phragmites communis f. minor Hack. Phragmites communis f. pilifer Ohwi Phragmites phragmites var. subuniflorus (DC.) Druce Phragmites vulgaris var. humilis (De Not.) Brand Phragmites vulgaris var. longivalvis (Steud.) W. Wight Phragmites vulgaris var. maximus (Forssk.) Chiov. Phragmites vulgaris var. mossambiencis (Andersson) T. Durand & Schinz Phragmites vulgaris var. nudus (Nees) T. Durand & Schinz Phragmites vulgaris var. subuniflorus (DC.) Druce Phragmites vulnerans Gilib. ex Asch. Phragmites isiaca
科属（Family & Genus）：禾本科（Gramineae）芦苇属
形态特征（Description）：多年生，根状茎十分发达。秆直立，高1-3 (8)米，直径1-4厘米，具20多节，基部和上部的节间较短，最长节间位于下部第4-6节，长20-25 (40)厘米，节下被腊粉。叶鞘下部者短于而上部者，长于其节间；叶舌边缘密生一圈长约1毫米的短纤毛，两侧缘毛长3-5毫米，易脱落；叶片披针状线形，长30厘米，宽2厘米，无毛，顶端长渐尖成丝形。圆锥花序大型，长20-40厘米，宽约10厘米，分枝多数，长5-20厘米，着生稠密下垂的小穗；小穗柄长2-4毫米，无毛；小穗长约12毫米，含4花；颖具3脉，第一颖长4毫米；第二颖长约7毫米；第一不孕外稃雄性，长约12毫米，第二外稃长11毫米，具3脉，顶端长渐尖，基盘延长，两侧密生等长于外稃的丝状柔毛，与无毛的小穗轴相连接处具明显关节，成熟后易自关节上脱落；内稃长约3毫米，两脊粗糙；雄蕊3，花药长1.5-2毫米，黄色；颖果长约1.5毫米。染色体2n＝36（Tischler 1942，Labadie 1976 a）44，46，48（Hunter 1934，Vachova 1976），49，50，51，52，54（Avdolov 1928，1931），84（Tarnavschi 1948），96（Gorenflot et al．1972）。为高多倍体和非整倍体的植物。
分布（Distribution）：产全国各地。生于江河湖泽、池塘沟渠沿岸和低湿地。为全球广泛分布的多型种。
用途（Use）：秆为造纸原料或作编席织帘及建棚材料，茎、叶嫩时为饲料；根状茎供药用，为固堤造陆先锋环保植物。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 22 Page 448, 449
Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 1: 143. 1840.
芦苇 lu wei | Poaceae | Phragmites
Arundo australis Cavanilles, Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 100. 1799; A. phragmites Linnaeus; Phragmites communis Trinius.
Robust perennial from an extensive creeping rhizome; overground stolons sometimes present, straight, nodes glabrous. Culms up to 2 m or more tall, ca. 6 mm in diam., usually farinose below nodes, nodes glabrous or pubescent. Leaf sheaths light green, glabrous or thinly hairy; leaf blades usually drooping, up to 50 × 1–3 cm, smooth or margins scabrous, tapering to a filiform apex; ligule a minute membranous rim, ciliate, hairs 0.2–0.6 mm. Panicle 20–50 × ca. 10 cm, branches of lowermost whorl usually spiculate to base, densely hirsute at insertion; pedicels 2–4 mm, glabrous or pilose only at base. Spikelets 10–18 mm, florets 2–5; glumes acute, lower glume up to 1/2 length of lowest lemma, 3–5 mm, upper glume 6–9 mm; lowest lemma linear-lanceolate, 8–15 mm; floret callus with hairs equal to lemma; bisexual lemmas very narrowly lanceolate, 9–16 mm, apex long attenuate. Fl. and fr. Jul–Nov. 2n = 36, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 84, 96, 120.
Moist places along river banks and lake margins, forming large colonies. Throughout China [cosmopolitan].
This is an extremely polymorphic, cosmopolitan reed with numerous chromosomal variants and ecotypes. Plants from the high Himalayas sometimes form short, leafy tufts with strongly distichous, short, pungent leaf blades. Similar variants occur elsewhere in the world in extreme conditions.
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